DOCSLIB.ORG

Epidemiological Study of Lung Cancer in East Azerbaijan, Iran

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Epidemiological Study of Lung Cancer in East Azerbaijan, Iran Archive of SID Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Original Article Epidemiological Study of Lung Cancer in East Azerbaijan, Iran Shahryar Hashemzadeh MD1, Khosrow Hashemzadeh MD2* 1. Dept. of General and Thoracic Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 2. Dept. of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. (Received 14 Sep 2009; Accepted 18 Nov 2009) Abstract Background: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide with more than 1.3 million people dying of the disease annually. In Asia, the incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer are generally lower than those in western countries. We aimed to obtain cancer incidence data from the East Azerbaijan, Iran; to select the target populations for our future cancer field studies. Methods: Diagnosed primary lung cancer cases and pleura and trachea during five years (2002-2006) were collected from the hospital or private pathology laboratories in East Azerbaijan and analyzed using SPSS 13.0 after metastatic and same cases exclusion. Results: In this study 159314 pathology records were studied in hospitals and laboratories; 12083 of them were cancer cases. 9166 of them were primary cancer patients and Azerbaijan residents. A total of 469 new lung cancer cases (81% male, 19% female) were diagnosed during the years 2002–2006, the age-adjusted incidence rate (ASR) per 100,000 being 16.6 for males and 4.2 for females. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type (58.5%), the proportion of adenocarcinoma being 27.6%, small cell carcinoma 12.6% and large cell carcinoma 0.6%. ASR was calculated for cancer of pleura (0.4, 0.3) and for cancer of trachea (0.2, 0.1) per 100000 in male and female, respectively. Conclusion: This study is the first report of respiratory tract cancer incidence in East Azerbaijan. The results of the present study are statistic analysis of the cancer prevalence and incidence in Iran which mainly correspond with the international reports and is a scientific tool we want to offer to all those who work in the prevention, care and treatment of cancer in Iran. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2009; Vol.1 (4): 7-12 Keywords: Epidemiology ý Cancer ý Lung *Corresponding Author: Khosrow Hashemzadeh MD, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Tel: +98 411 - 3317214 Fax: +98 411 - 3316214 Email: [email protected] www.SID.ir J Cardiovasc Thorac Res / 7 Archive of SID Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research Hashemzadeh et al Introduction (Chicago, IL) software, version 13, and Microsoft word and excel 2003 software. We calculated Cancer is a major public health problem in person-years of the population at risk using each developed countries. Currently, one in four deaths year method. The results are presented as incidence in the United States is due to cancer. A total of rates of cases by site (ICD-10), sex, age (mean ± 1444920 new cancer cases and 559650 deaths for SD) and Age-Specific (crude) incidence rate by sex cancers are projected to occur in the United States and site and Age-Adjusted incidence rate per in 2007.1,2 In Asia, the incidence and mortality rates 100,000 person-years, using the direct method of of lung cancer in women are generally lower than standardization to the world standard population.[2] those in western countries 3,4 and Lung cancer was Statistics were generated from primary malignant the most common cause of death from cancer in cases only. The world standard population was men (29%) 5. For almost 30 years no population- chosen because it is more similar to the resident based cancer statistics have been available with population than other standards (e.g. the World or which to estimate the cancer burden in Iran. The US 1970 ones). More than fifty percent of the incidence rate of lung cancer is very low in population in our province is younger than 25 years compromising with the world average 6. Suitable (Figure 1). information of different cancers in special >80 geographic areas can help define medical treatment female male and screening of high risk groups and map out the 70-74 risk of kinds of cancers. Therefore, several research centers might be focus on cancer research in Iran. 60-64 We aimed to obtain cancer incidence data from the whole province, to select the target populations and 50-54 hot spots for our future cancer field studies. 40-44 Methods 30-34 20-24 The Cancer Registry office is located in Tabriz, the capital city of East Azerbaijan Province. This 10-14 registry is run by Tabriz University of Medical 0-4 Sciences. The Medical Ethics Committee of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center (TLDRC) of Tabriz sponsored and approved the Fig 1- Population cascade of East Azerbaijan province. survey methods. The survey team had been trained to go to hospitals and pathology laboratories and The world standard has a greater percentage of check records for cancer cases and, whenever younger subjects (48% ≤ 25 years old) and a lower possible, to make a copy of the documents, percentage of older subjects (60+ years), with 11% according to which a diagnosis of cancer was made. population. The use of such a standard gives more These were then sent to the registry office in Tabriz. weight to the events in the younger population. During a period of 10 months (2007), the survey team actively collected and compiled data for a Results period of 5 years (2002-2006) from 8 hospitals and 9 private pathology laboratories in Tabriz and 5 Over a 5-year period (2002-2006), 159314 main township of East Azerbaijan province pathologic reports were observed in hospital and (Mianeh, Marand, Benab, Ahar and Maragheh). A private centers in East Azerbaijan province; 12083 copy of the pathology records made and sent to the of them were cancer cases. 10717 of the cancer registry office. The data were summarized in a data patients were East Azerbaijan residents and 748 sheet. The data were computerized using SPSS cases were of the other regions. Non melanoma www.SID.ir 8 /J Cardiovasc Thorac Res Archive of SID Epidemiological Study of Lung Cancer Lung Cancer … Tabriz University of Medical Sciences cancers of the skin (BCC, SCC & Baso-esquamous age ± standard deviation for all cancers of cell cancer) and in situ carcinomas (except urinary respiratory tract were shown in table 3. bladder) were excluded and 9166 cases were considered as primary malignancies. (Table 1) Table 2 - Distribution of cancers in respiratory tract system by organ in East Azerbaijan, Iran (2002-2006). Table 1- Anatomical sites and number of all cancers in East male female total Azerbaijan, Iran (2002-2006). site frequency percent frequency percent frequency percent Lung 380 66.9 89 27.9 469 94.8 Pleura 10 1.7 8 2.1 18 3.8 Anatomical site No. of cancers percent Trachea 5 0.9 2 0.5 7 1.4 Head and Neck 1863 20.3 total 395 69.5 99 30.5 494 100 Thorax and chest wall 1434 15.6 Abdomen: Table 3 - Male to female ratio and mean age ± SD for respiratory GI tract 3365 36.7 tract cancers in East Azerbaijan, Iran (2002-2006). Urinary system 1233 13.5 Common age group M/F Mean age ± SD Genitalia 705 7.7 Site Limbs 566 6.2 male female Ratio male female Total 9166 100 All cancers 45-54 65-74 1.34 60.1±17.0(0-120) 52.3±17.0 (1-101) Lung 65-74 65-74 4.25 62.5±12.5(19-88) 58.2±13.8 (26-97) Pleura 45-55 45-55 1.43 52.7+12.4(37-74) 55.6+10.2 (42-71) Of 9166 cancer in total, 5252 (57.3%) were male Trachea * * 2.5 49.8+10.0(23-65) 58.5+10.6 (51-66) and 3602 (42.6%) were female and 12 (0.1%) * There were no enough cases in series undefined sex. The mean (±SD) age at the time of first diagnosis was 60.1 ± 17.0 for males and A total of 469 new lung cancers (81% male, 19% 52.3 ± 17.0 for females. The top 7 cancers in males female) were diagnosed in this study. Age-specific were stomach (18.2%), bladder (16.6%), esophagus (crude) incidence rates in 7 age-groups for lung (12.3%), lung and bronchus (7.2%), prostate cancers were shown in figure 3. ASR per 100000 (6.4%), colon and rectum (5.7%) and brain (5.5%); was being 16.6 for males and 4.2 for females. (Figure 4) Squamous cell carcinoma was the most male female common histological type (58.5%, n=274), the lung 4.2 16.6 proportion of Adenocarcinoma of lung being 27.6% and Small cell carcinoma 12.6 %.( Table 4) There were 18 cases of mesothelioma of pleura in our pleura 0.3 0.4 study (55.6%male, 44.4% female). In trachea, Adenocystic carcinoma and SCC was the most common cancers. 0.1 0.2 trachea male female Fig 2- Age-adjusted cancer incidence rates (per 100000) for respiratory tract cancers, by sex in East Azerbaijan, Iran 250 (2002-2006). 200 in women, these were breast (22.2%), esophagus 150 (13.8%), stomach (9%), thyroid (7.9%), brain (7%), 100 colon and rectum (6.6%) and bladder (4.5%). Cancer of respiratory tract consists of 1/18 (5.3%, 50 494 cases) of all diagnosed cancers. In this study, 0 395 (69.5%) were men and 99 (30.5%) were female.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter Four Introduction to The
    CHAPTER FOUR INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY AREA 4.1 Introduction This chapter provides a general picture of socio-economic life in the four villages selected for the case study. All four villages are located in Northwestern Iran and, in terms of administrative divisions, belong to the Central District of the county of Marand. To give a general picture of the area where the sample villages are located, the present chapter begins with an overview of the socio-economic features of the county of Marand. This discussion is followed by a brief review of the villages' spatial context. Two types of data are used to describe and explain demographic changes in the sample villages. Changes in the size and structure of the population during the 2.5 years from 1966 till 1991 come from census data. Iran has experienced a massive and historically unprecedented movement of people from rural to urban centres over the past few decades (Kazemi 1980; Ayremlo 1984a; Hesamian, Etemad and Haery 1934; Hosseinzadeh 1992; Lahsaeizadeh, 1993b). In the context of the study area, this will be demonstrated by using data from the field survey. Infrastructure and provision of services will also be discussed to show the extent of the availability of needed services for residents on the one hand and the diversity among sample villages in terms of access on the other. This part of the chapter is based on field observations and data colleci:ed from interviews with local informed people. The final section of the Chapter concludes the discussion. 4.2 Study area in administrative divisions The four villages selected for the study of socio-economic changes are situated in the Dowlat Abad Subdistrict of the county of Marand in the province of Eastern 76 Azarbaijan (Map 4.1).
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Indices for Selection Of
    GholinezhadAvailable E. online: et al / Not www.notulaebotanicae.ro Bot Horti Agrobo, 2014, 42(1):187-201 Print ISSN 0255-965X; Electronic 1842-4309 Not Bot Horti Agrobo , 2014, 42(1):187-201 Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Indices for Selection of Confectionery Sunflower ( Helianthus anuus L.) Landraces under Various Environmental Conditions Esmaeil GHOLINEZHAD 1*, Reza DARVISHZADEH 2, Iraj BERNOUSI 2 1Department of Agronomy, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran; [email protected] (*corresponding author) 2Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; [email protected], [email protected] Abstract In order to study the response of 56 landraces of confectionery sunflower to drought stress, an experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Agricultural Research Center of West-Azerbaijan in 2012-2013 cropping seasons. The genotypes were evaluated in three separated rectangular 7 × 8 lattice design with two replications in three irrigation treatments including optimum irrigation, moderate stress and sever stress where irrigation was done after depletion of 50%, 70% and 90% of available water, respectively. Nine drought tolerance indices including mean productivity (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HARM), stress non-stress production index (SNPI), yield index (YI), drought resistance index (DI), modified stress tolerance index in optimum irrigation (M PSTI), and modified stress tolerance index in moderate and severe stress (M sSTI) were calculated based on grain yield under well-watered (Y P), moderate drought stress (Y S-mild) and severe drought stress (Y S-severe) conditions. Grain yield in well-watered (YP), mild and severe stress conditions was significantly and positively correlated with MP, STI, GMP, HARM, SNPI, YI, DI, M PSTI and M SSTI.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiology of Self-Immolation in the North-West of Iran
    EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SELF-IMMOLATION IN THE NORTH-WEST OF IRAN Dastgiri S1, Kalankesh LR2, Pourafkary N3 Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health ,and National Public Health Management Centre (NPMC)1, Department of Medical Records2 and Department of Psychiatry3, Tabriz, Iran Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the incidence, time trend, influencing factors and survival of self-immolation in the North-West of Iran. Methods: In this research, medical records of ninety eight cases who attempted suicide by self- immolation between 1998 and 2003 were studied. Data collected included age, weight, sex, marital status, date of burn, length of stay in the hospital, body surface burned (in percent), external cause of death, psychiatric diagnosis of patients, and outcome. Incidence rates and descriptive statistics were calculated to document the epidemiological features of the self- immolation in the region. Survival rates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method to assess the survival pattern of the suicide by self-immolation. Results: The mean age of subjects was 27 years (range: 11-68 years). The female / male ratio was 3.3. Most of the cases were married (55 percent). There was an increasing trend in the incidence rate of self-immolation from 1998 (1.48 per 1000,000 population, CI95%: 0.2-2.8) to 2003 (7.7 per 1000,000 population, CI95%: 4.8-10.5). Two and five weeks survival rates for suicide by self-immolation were 25 percent (CI 95%: 16-34) and 15 (CI 95%: 6-24), respectively. Conclusion: Availability of family mental health centers, easy access to emergency services, and psycho-educational programmes to high-risk groups (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Republic of Iran As Affected Country Party
    United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Performance Review and Assessment of Implementation System Fifth reporting cycle, 2014-2015 leg Report from Islamic Republic of Iran as affected country Party July 25, 2014 Contents I. Performance indicators A. Operational objective 1: Advocacy, awareness raising and education Indicator CONS-O-1 Indicator CONS-O-3 Indicator CONS-O-4 B. Operational objective 2: Policy framework Indicator CONS-O-5 Indicator CONS-O-7 C. Operational objective 3: Science, technology and knowledge Indicator CONS-O-8 Indicator CONS-O-10 D. Operational objective 4: Capacity-building Indicator CONS-O-13 E. Operational objective 5: Financing and technology transfer Indicator CONS-O-14 Indicator CONS-O-16 Indicator CONS-O-18 II. Financial flows Unified Financial Annex III. Additional information IV. Submission Islamic Republic of Iran 2/225 Performance indicators Operational objective 1: Advocacy, awareness raising and education Number and size of information events organized on the subject of desertification, land degradation CONS-O-1 and drought (DLDD) and/or DLDD synergies with climate change and biodiversity, and audience reached by media addressing DLDD and DLDD synergies Percentage of population informed about DLDD and/or DLDD synergies 30 % 2018 Global target with climate change and biodiversity National contribution Percentage of national population informed about DLDD and/or DLDD 2011 to the global target synergies with climate change and biodiversity 27 2013 2015 2017 2019 % Year Voluntary national Percentage
    [Show full text]
  • Article Raphignathoid Mite Fauna of Fields and Orchards of Marand
    Persian Journal of Acarology, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 57−76 Article Raphignathoid mite fauna of fields and orchards of Marand (Northwestern Iran) with two new records from Iran and six new records for East Azerbaijan province Reza Navaei-Bonab1, Mohammad Bagheri2 & Elham Zarei2 1 Young Researchers Club, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, East Azerbaijan province, Iran; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran; [email protected] Key Words: Acari, new records, Iran, Raphignathoidea, Marand, fields and orchards Abstract A study of the raphignathoid mite fauna of fields and orchards in Marand, Northwestern Iran, revealed two new species for the mite fauna of Iran, namely: Eustigmaeus ioaniensis Kapaxidi & Papadoulis, 1999 and Agistemus industani Gonzalez-Roodrigez, 1965 and six species for mites new for the fauna of East Azerbaijan province and eight species new for the mite fauna of Marand. Stigmaeidae with 13 species and Barbutiidae and Camerobiidae with one species each had the highest and the lowest number of identified species, respectively. A key to the Iranian families and genera of Raphignathoidea are included. Introduction The Raphignathoidea Kramer, 1877 comprises a large cosmopolitan group of families, which are found in various ecosystems: foliage, branches, trunks, moss and lichen, litter, soil, animal nests, stored products, and even in house dust. The majority of the raphignathoid mites are free-living predators but a few are phytophagous, feeding on moss, and some species are parasites or symbionts of insects (Doğan, 2006). Amongst the predators, some are important biological control agents of spider mites, eriophyid mites, and scale insects in agriculture and forestry (Gerson & Smiley, 1990; Walter & Gerson, 1998; Fan & Zhang, 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia Iraq
    40°0’0"E 42°30’0"E 45°0’0"E 47°30’0"E Yalnizbag Gasankend Sovetlyar Chakhar Gëkharli Te rc a n Anitli Balik Golu Suveren DZHERMUK Martuni Moranly Cayirli Hacibekir Eleskirt Eleskirtcilikân Karaköse Igdir Ararat Ararat Kyarki Vayots Dzor Gndevaz Pichanis Nagorno-karabakh Bejladjan Imamverdili Vtoroye Erzincan ERZINCAN Tepsicik Ahura Ger-Ger Saatly Sädäräk Malishka Armenia Zhdanovsk AkhmedliChakhirly Areni Ghai-kend Borisovka Minkend Armenia Bozoglak Alpkoy Pencirikkomu Te km a n Karayazi Tasliçay Golyuzu Golu Soylan Shusha Farsabad Frunze Tanyeri Günesgören Girberan AzerbaijanAzerbaijan Latchin Imichli Öztürkân Azatek Azizbekov Kargin Magara Haciomer Ilich Dyg Kemah Erzincan Caglayan Gokoglan Tutak Almalu Angekhakot Sisian AzerbaijanAzerbaijan Ordzhonikidze Bilesuvar Agri Diyadin Charchibogan Bartsruni Karacan Dogubayazit Zarkatun Kirovka Pulumur Erzurum Cherur Goris Aslanduz Novograzhdanovka Eskigedik Kasikli Karaseyidali Kagnili Khandek Fizuli Chalmeh Sürbahan Bazargan Pus’yan Karabaglar Chakhbuz Tazagyukh Syunik Goradiz Eleskirt Babash Kandi Pushkino Agalykend Ovacik Balpayam Aktuzla Pirzeynel Sust Dzhagry Kargapazar Qendeal Shakhtakhty Shakhbuz Dastakert Tatev Kubatly Bilesevar Hinis Binpinar Maku Kubatly Moradlu Tazakend Sowf’ali Arafsa Djebrail Larijan Balkiri Karaoglan Holik Bileci Baglarpinari Çatma Bebek ArmeniaArmenia Caylar Patnos Vodokhranilishche Gidrouzla Araks Khanlyk Soltanly Djalilabad Novogolovka Nazimiye Karliova Bayro Tujipazar Alikeykhaly Var to Malazgirt Bayazitaga Dash Feshel Nakhichevan’ Djulfa Shabadin Kafan Tunceli
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Water Table Decline on the Groundwater Quality in Marand Plain, Northwest Iran
    Iranian Int. J. Sci. 6(1), 2005, p.47-60 The Effects of Water Table Decline on the Groundwater Quality in Marand Plain, Northwest Iran G.R. Lashkaripour1, A. Asghari-Moghaddam2, M. Allaf-Najib2 1 Department of Geology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran. 2 Department of Geology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. (received: 12/1/2005 ; accepted:11/3/2005) Abstract Marand plain, a part of the Caspian Sea catchment, stretching over an area of about 820 km2, in northwestern part of Iran is considered as a semi-arid zone. It has gained substantial importance because of agricultural prosperity and population density. Almost all water consumption needs are met from groundwater resources. In the last decades, rapid population growth coupled with agricultural expansion has significantly increased demand on groundwater resources. Large increases in water demand with little recharge have strained Marand groundwater resources resulting in declines in water levels and deterioration of groundwater quality in the major parts of the plain. It's worth mentioning that the paramount cause of sharp drop in the groundwater table in the recent years is conclusively attributed to pumping out of well water which confirmedly exceeds the level of the natural recharge. As a result, the average water level, for instance, has dropped from 1179.9 m to 1168.2 m during the years from 1982 to 2000. The prime objective of this research is to study and examine the groundwater decline and its effect on the quality of groundwater in the Marand aquifer for the said period. Keywords: aquifer, decline, groundwater, Iran, quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Socioeconomic Characteristics of Eastern Azerbaijan, Marand and Sample Households
    Appendix 1: Socioeconomic Characteristics of Eastern Azerbaijan, Marand and Sample Households Table A1.1 Number of students enrolled in Azerbaijan, 1987 Number Per cent Primary 590 672 72.6 Secondary 150 071 18.4 High school 64 220 7.9 Technical and professional 8 799 1.1 Total 813 762 100.0 Source: Plan and Budget Organisation of Eastern Azerbaijan (1990, 1993). Table A1.2 Fall in the rural population of Azerbaijan, by township, 1976–86 (per cent) Change in rural 1976 1986 population 1976–86 Sarab 85.0 75.1 –9.9 Aahar 89.2 79.5 –9.7 Miyaneh 81.9 72.9 –9.0 Marand 67.3 60.2 –7.1 Tabriz 33.4 26.6 –6.8 Hasht rude 96.1 90.7 –5.4 Maragheh 60.7 57.0 –3.7 Source: Plan and Budget Organisation of Eastern Ajerbaijan (1995). 172 Socioeconomic Charateristics 173 Table A1.3 Number of towns and communities, Marand, 1996 Number of communities District/country Area (km2) Residential Non-residential Total Central district (Marand) 3.814 112 21 133 County districts 3308.8 112 21 133 Bonab 373.1 10 1 11 Duwlat Abad 193.8 10 0 10 North Mishab 370.0 15 1 16 Koshsarayh 583.1 21 1 22 Zolbianin 379.4 15 9 24 Zonuozagh 355.6 6 2 8 Eastern Harazand 305.0 11 0 11 Western Harazand 285.0 13 1 14 Yekanat 463.8 11 6 17 Central district (Jolfa) 825.5 55 15 70 County districts 1591.2 55 15 70 Irsi 190.6 6 1 7 Shojah 471.9 16 8 24 Western Dizmar 353.7 6 0 6 Nojeh Mehr 375.6 22 4 26 Daran 199.4 5 2 7 Source: Plan and Budget Organisation of Eastern Azerbaijan (1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory & Diagnosis
    Laboratory & Diagnosis Official Journal of Iranian Association of Clinical Laboratory Doctors Supplement Issue for IQC 17 Editorial Board Members: Dr. Kamaledine. Bagheri, DCLS Dr. Saeed Mahdavi, DCLS Dr. Mohammad Reza Bakhtiari, DCLS, PhD Dr. Ali Sadeghitabar, DCLS Dr. Mohammad Ghasem Eslami, DCLS Dr. Mohammad Sahebalzamani, DCLS Dr. S. Mohammad Hasan Hashemimadani, DCLS Dr. Narges Salajegheh, DCLS Executive Board Members: Ali Adibzadeh Sara Tondro Sedigheh Jalili Azam Jalili Mohammad Kazemi Leyla Pourdehghan Maryam Fazli Marzieh Moradi Mehrnosh shokrollahzadeh Layout by: Navid Ghahremani Circulation: 1000 copies Address: 1414734711, No.29, Ardeshir Alley, Hashtbehesht S t., Golha Square, Fatemi Ave, Tehran – Iran Telefax: (+98 21) 88970700 Laboratory & Diagnosis Vol. 10, No 42, Supplement Issue Message of Congress Chairman Dr. Mohammad Sahebalzamani DCLS In the Name of God We are planning to hold the 12th International Congress and 17th National Congress on Quality Improvement of Clinical Laboratory Services on 21-23 April 2019. We have tried to invite prominent national and international scientists and experts to take part in the event and present their scientific theories in order to ensure the improvement of congress’ quality. Congress authorities are going to provide the participants with a peaceful, friendly and jolly environment, together with scientific initiatives, as the outcome of scientific research of the congress. Modern researches of clinical sciences are in the course of rapid development and our country has a significant role in this venture. Hence, the authorities have to make a fundamental planning in order to increase enthusiasms and motivations of this large and educated s tratum. We mus t not isolate the scientific elements, scientists and skilled and experienced experts by performing incorrect activities and mus t avoid emptying out the scientific channels by superficial approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • General Assembly Distr
    UNITED NATIONS A General Assembly Distr. GENERAL A/HRC/4/33/Add.1 20 March 2007 Original: ENGLISH / FRENCH / SPANISH Human Rights Council Fourth session Agenda item 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 60/251 OF 15 MARCH 2006 ENTITLED “HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL” Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Manfred Nowak Addendum Summary of information, including individual cases, transmitted * to Governments and replies received * The present document is being circulated in the languages of submission only as it greatly exceeds the page limitations currently imposed by the relevant General Assembly resolutions. GE.07-12041 A/HRC/4/33/Add.1 Page 2 Contents Paragraphs Page Summary of allegations transmitted and replies received…….…… 1-341 1 Introduction………….………………………………………..…… 1-5 4 Mandate abbreviations………………………………………..…… 6 Algeria……………………………………………………………... 1-4 8 Argentina.………...………………………………………….…..… 5 11 Azerbaijan......................................................................................... 6-7 13 Bahamas…………..……………………………………………..… 8 16 Bahrain…………………………………………………………..… 9 17 Bangladesh……………………………………………………...…. 10-13 19 Belarus………………………………………………………...…… 14-16 26 Bhutan……………......…………………………………………..... 17 34 Burundi……...…………………………………………………..…. 18-20 35 Cambodia.................……………………………………………..… 21-22 38 Cameroon………………………………………………………..… 23 39 Chad....…………………………………………………………..… 24 40 Chile…………………………………………………………..…… 25-27 41 China………………………………………………………..……... 28-47
    [Show full text]
  • Les Gymnopleurini D'iran (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)
    Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 116 (4), 2011 : 405-419. Les Gymnopleurini d'Iran (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) par Olivier M ONTREUIL Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7205, Entomologie, C. P. 50, 57 rue Cuvier, F – 75231 Paris cedex 05 <[email protected]> Résumé . – Une clé de l'ensemble des espèces paléarctiques du genre Gymnopleurus Illiger, 1803, dont G. qurosh n. sp. d'Asie mineure, et intégrant toutes les espèces présentes sur le territoire iranien, est donnée. Gymnopleurus mimus n. stat., est élevé au rang d'espèce alors que Gymnopleurus flagellatus hornei Waterhouse, 1890, n. stat., Gymnopleurus flagellatus serratus Fischer, 1821, n. stat., Gymnopleurus flagellatus calignosus Balthasar, 1934, n. stat., et Gymnopleurus flagellatus asperatus Motschulsky, 1849, n. stat., sont reconsidérés avec le rang de sous-espèces. La répartition des espèces du genre Gymnopleurus Illiger, 1803, présentes en Iran est précisée. Summary . – The Gymnopleurini of Iran (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). A key to the Palearctic species of the genus Gymnopleurus Illiger, 1803, including the Middle East species G. qurosh n. sp., is provided. Gymnopleurus mimus n. stat., is considered as valid species whereas Gymnopleurus flagellatus hornei Waterhouse, 1890, n. stat., Gymnopleurus flagellatus serratus Fischer, 1821, n. stat., Gymnopleurus flagellatus calignosus Balthasar, 1934, n. stat., and Gymnopleurus flagellatus asperatus Motschulsky, 1849, n. stat., are considered with subspecies rank. The distribution of the Iranian species of this genus is precised. Keywords . – Palaearctic region, Middle-East, Gymnopleurus , taxonomy, new species, new status, geographic distribution, identification key. _________________ Les Scarabaeidae coprophages de la tribu des Gymnopleurini Lacordaire, 1856, constituent un groupe d'un peu plus d'une centaine d'espèces réparties en quatre genres (C AMBEFORT , 1991) ou sous-genres (J ANSSENS , 1940 ; BALTHASAR , 1963 ; KRAJCIK , 2006) de Gymnopleurus Illiger, 1803.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of Tarsonemid Mites from Alfalfa Fields in Northwest of East Azerbaijan Province, Iran (Acari)
    538 _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 5, No. 2, June 2010__________ NEW RECORDS OF TARSONEMID MITES FROM ALFALFA FIELDS IN NORTHWEST OF EAST AZERBAIJAN PROVINCE, IRAN (ACARI) Parisa Lotfollahi* and Karim Haddad Irani-Nejad* * Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IRAN. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] [Lotfollahi, P. & Irani-Nejad, K. H. 2010. New records of tarsonemid mites from alfalfa fields in northwest of east Azerbaijan province, Iran (Acari). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 5 (2): 538-542] ABSTRACT: In order to study the tarsonemid soil mite fauna of alfalfa fields in Northwest of East Azarbaijan province including Soofian, Payam, Zenooz, Marand, Shabestar and Jolfa, soil samples were taken at three different times of the year 2006 (mid-May, mid-July and mid-September). Tarsonemid mites were seperated and identified. In this study 3 genera (Tarsonemus, Steneotarsonemus and Neotarsonemoides) and 10 species (Steneotarsonemus acuticlavus Wainstein, 1979*, Steneotarsonemus arcuatus Livshitz, Mitrofanov & Sharonov, 1979*, Tarsonemus waitei Banks, 1912**, Tarsonemus mixtus Kaliszewski, 1993*, Tarsonemus fusarii Cooreman, 1941, Tarsonemus intextus Kaliszewski, 1993*, Tarsonemus annotatus Livshitz, Mitrofanov & Sharonov, 1979*, Tarsonemus bilobatus Suski, 1965**, Tarsonemus limitatus Kaliszewski, 1993*, Neotarsonemoides* lucifer (Schaarschmidt, 1959)*) were identified, of which 1 genera and 7 species are new records for mite fauna of Iran and 1 genera and 9 species are new records for mite fauna of East Azerbaijan that indicated with * and ** respectively. KEY WORDS: Alfalfa, East Azerbaijan, Iran, new record, Tarsonemidae. The family Tarsonemidae belongs to the superfamily Tarsonemoidea. The family name was first proposed by Canestrini and Fanzago(1877) and also by Kramer(1877) simultaneously, but Canestrini and Fanzago gives its main profile.
    [Show full text]