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Towards a Free Press in Central Asia Towards a Free Press in Central Asia 20 years after UNESCO Conference Proceedings 1 Almaty, Kazakhstan Published by the UNESCO Almaty Office for Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, Communication and Information Programme 67 Tole Bi Street, Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN, 050000 Available in Russian under the title Навстречу свободной прессе Центральной Азии: 20 лет спустя, 2013 © UNESCO Almaty Office, 2013 All rights reserved ATA/2013/CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS.1/H/1 The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The author is responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Editor: Sergey Karpov Publication Coordinators: Janet Kim and Asya Nemere Editorial Assistance: Martin Hadlow Translation from Russian to English: Holly Myers, Janet Kim, Julie Chang Graphic and Cover Page Design : Marina Sytina Layout: Ainur Nurpeissova Photography: Zhanat Kulenov URL: http://www.unesco.kz/ci/2013/a+20/Towards-Free-Press-A+20-English.pdf 2 Towards a Free Press in Central Asia 20 years after UNESCO Conference Proceedings Almaty, Kazakhstan 3 4 Contents Contents Preface ................................................................................................................ 9 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................... 11 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 12 1. Opening Remarks I. Mussalimov ................................................................................................. 15 S. Seidumanov ............................................................................................... 19 G. Mutanov ...................................................................................................... 21 J. Kārkliņš ........................................................................................................ 25 H. Iouchkiavitchious .................................................................................... 28 2. Keynote Speech M. Hadlow, The Path of the Birds: Freedom of the Press and Media Pluralism ............................................................................................................................. 32 3. Legislation and Media Pluralism 44 G. Lister History of the UNESCO Declarations ............... 45 B. Boev Campaigning for Media Pluralism in Central Asia........................................................................... 49 G. Shalakhmetov 20 Years of TV Development in Kazakhstan: Prospects for Transitioning to Pluralistic Media ................................................................................... 56 T. Kaleeva Obstacles and Risks in Developing Pluralistic Media in Kazakhstan ............................................ 58 M. Tokoev Freedom of Speech Violations in Public and Community Broadcasting .................................... 63 N. Karshiboev Freedom of Speech Violations in Public and Community Broadcasting .................................... 68 4. Public Service Broadcasting 76 L. Davlatov The Role of Public Television on “TV Safina” . 77 M. Bekeshova Censorship Imposed by Media Owners: The Main Issue in the Development of Trade Unions ...................................................................... 80 R. Taukina The Development of Pluralism in the Past 20 Years: The Existence of a SovereignKazakhstan .......................................... 84 5 Alma-Ata+20 International Conference K. Harvey Public Service Broadcasting Faces Economic Challenges .............................................................. 88 F. Emrich Public Service Media in Kazakhstan: Mapping Digital Media ........................................................... 98 V. Ruzin The Thorny Path of Public Television in Russia ................................................................................. 101 5. Community Media 112 F. Diasio Community Radio and the Articulation of Public Goods with Fundamental Rights: Diversity, Pluralism and Radio Spectrum ........................ 113 A. Akimjanova The Role of Media for Improving Social Justice ................................................................................ 123 B. Ruigies Community Media Networking and Capacity Building ................................................................. 127 N. Zhusupova A Multilingual Community Radio Programme and V. Galich for Community Development ........................... 133 6. Gender and Media 142 L. Kennedy Measuring Gender Sensitivity in Media........ 143 J. Koponen Gender Aspects in the Development of Media in (Central Asia and) Europe .......................... 149 E. Kudryavtseva Issues of Implementing Gender Policies in Central Asia and the Role of Media .............. 154 7. Media Pluralism in a Digital Era 158 R. Abazov The Impact of the 1992 Alma-Ata Declaration on Media Development: The Case of Kazakhstan ......................................................... 159 S. Zhaksybayeva Public Opinion on the Development of Oblast (Regional) TV Channels in the Era of Digital Media ................................................................... 164 D. Tsyrendzhapova Digitalization in Kazakhstan: Pluralism and Citizen’s Right to Information ......................... 170 S. Shamsuddinov Media Requires Legislative Support ............. 174 M. Walsh Peculiarities of Media Pluralism Development in Kyrgyzstan ...................................................... 177 S. Ibraghimov Media Pluralism and New Media .................. 183 6 Contents 8. Institutional Support for Media Development 187 S. Karpov The Basics of Institutional Support ................. 188 M. Elshibaeva Regional TV as a Platform for Democratic Discourse ............................................................. 192 S. Mataev Journalism Solidarity .......................................... 195 S. Safarov Strategies for Building the Capacities of Young Professionals during the Transition to Media Pluralism ............................................................... 198 9. Capacity Building for Journalism Education 204 L. Akhmetova Media Development Indicators: Capacity Building for Media. Training and Journalism Education in Kazakhstan .................................. 205 A. Niyazgulova Journalism Education in Kazakhstan ............. 211 K. Myssayeva Innovative Methods of Journalism Education ................................................................................ 216 S. Barlybayeva The KazNU Experience: Training Journalists through an Online University TV Production Course................................................................... 221 G. Ibrayeva The Alma-Ata Declaration, the Bologna Process, and Changes in Journalism Education ............................................................. 227 S. Kozhamkulova Teaching Broadcast Journalism: Issues of Pluralism ............................................................... 234 G. Assanbayeva KIMEP + UNESCO: Developing Journalism Standards ............................................................. 238 D. Mould Challenges for Journalism Education in Kazakhstan .......................................................... 251 10. Capacity Building for Media Professionals 260 E. Kap The Particularities of Capacity Building for Kazakh-Language Print Media Journalists ... 261 I. Bratsev Challenges for Journalism Education Today 264 R. Kazaryan Communication for Development: Society, Ecology and Health ............................................ 267 M. Maximova Building Capacity of Media Professionals .... 270 G. Babadzhanova Capacity Building for Uzbekistan Media ....... 274 11. Closing Remarks 7 Alma-Ata+20 International Conference H. Iouchkiavitchious ................................................................................... 281 M. Hadlow ...................................................................................................... 283 12. Recommendations Recommendations Alma-Ata+20 .................................................... 285 13. Annexure Conference Programme .................................................................... 295 Declaration of Alma-Ata on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic Asian Media (1992) ......................................................... 304 Additional Resources ......................................................................... 310 List of Participants............................................................................... 311 Abbreviations and Acronyms............................................................ 321 8 Acknowledgments Preface Twenty years ago, in what was then called Alma- Ata, UNESCO and the United Nations organized a seminar that resulted in the adoption of the Declaration of Alma-Ata on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic Asian Media. UNESCO had set out to recognize the important role independent media play in the development of countries in Asia. In 20 years, media have witnessed huge changes primarily called forth by the development of new information and communication technologies: the boom of Internet media, digitalization, and instant access to information
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