NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 10 (1): 122-127 ©NwjZ, Oradea, Romania, 2014 Article No.: 131209 http://biozoojournals.ro/nwjz/index.html

A new species of Hartig gall from Turkey (: Cynipidae, )

Serdar DINC1, Serap MUTUN1 and George MELIKA2,*

1. Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Science & Arts, Department of Biology, 14280, Bolu, Turkey. E-mail’s: [email protected] (for Serap Mutun), [email protected] (for Serdar Dinc) 2. Laboratory of Pest Diagnosis, National Food Chain Safety Office, Directorate of Plant Protection, Soil Conservation and Agri-environment, Budaörsi str. 141-145, Budapest 1118, Hungary *Corresponding author, G. Melika; E-mail: [email protected]

Received: 29. September 2012 / Accepted: 15. February 2013 / Available online: 26. December 2013 / Printed: June 2014

Abstract. A new species of oak , Andricus shuhuti (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) is described from Turkey. This species is known only from asexual females and induces galls on the twigs and young shoots of Quercus vulcanica and Q. infectoria. Data on the diagnosis, distribution and biology of the new species are given.

Key words: Cynipini, Andricus, , Turkey, distribution, new species.

Introduction Materials and Methods

Only a few records on Cynipidae from Turkey Galls were collected in Turkey in July–September 2011– 2012 from shoots of Q. vulcanica and Q. infectoria. Galls were listed in the reference work by Dalla-Torre were reared under laboratory conditions and emerging and Kieffer (1910). Later studies subsequently were preserved in 95% ethanol. added new species to the cynipid fauna of Turkey: The terminology used to describe gall wasp mor- Karaca (1956) listed 21, Baş (1973) - 34, Kıyak et al. phology follows other recent cynipid studies (Melika (2008) - 30 species. For now, the species richness of 2006, Melika et al. 2010). Abbreviations for the forewing oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynip- venation follow Ronquist & Nordlander (1989), and cu- ini) of Turkey is quite high. Recently 81 species of ticular surface terminology follows Harris (1979). Meas- urements and abbreviations used here include: F1–F12 for cynipids belonging to 16 genera were listed from the 1st and subsequent flagellomeres; POL (post-ocellar Turkey, of which 77 species are associated with distance) for the distance between the inner margins of (tribe Cynipini) and particularly 50 species the posterior ocelli; OOL (ocellar-ocular distance) for the belong to the species-rich genus Andricus Hartig distance from the outer edge of a posterior ocellus to the (Katılmıs & Kıyak 2008). inner margin of the compound eye; and LOL (lateral- In southwest Turkey (Antalya, Burdur, Is- frontal ocelli distance) for the distance between lateral parta, Denizli, Aydın, Muğla) 30 species of oak and frontal ocelli. The width of the forewing radial cell is measured from the margin of the wing to the Rs vein. gall wasps (Cynipini) were found (Kıyak et al. Images of wasp anatomy were taken with a digital 2008). A recent study added a new gall wasp spe- Leica DC500 camera attached to a Leica DMLB com- cies to the Turkish fauna (Mutun & Dinç 2011). pound microscope, followed by processing in CombineZP In the last decades two new oak gall wasp (Alan Hadley) and Adobe Photoshop 6.0. species were described from Turkey: Andricus as- Type materials are deposited in the following institu- kewi Melika & Stone (Melika & Stone 2001) and tions: Budapest Pest Diagnostic Laboratory (BPDL), Bu- Andricus megalucidus Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pu- dapest, Hungary (curator G. Melika); Department of Biol- ogy, Abant Izzet Baysal University (AIBU), Bolu, Turkey. jade-Villar (Melika et al. 2004).

Here we describe a new species from Turkey, Andricus shuhuti n. sp., known to induce galls on Results twigs and shoots of Quercus vulcanica Boiss. & Heldr. and Q. infectoria Olivier (). Quercus Andricus shuhuti Melika, Mutun & Dinç n. sp. vulcanica is known to be an endemic oak with a Figs 1–4 narrow geographic distribution, found in south- Type material: HOLOTYPE female: TURKEY, west and central Turkey and Syria (Govaerts & Afyon Şuhut near Başören Village, N 38 466 21', E Frodin 1998), while Q. infectoria has a much wider 30 41 384', 1577 m a.s.l. on Q. vulcanica, coll. distribution (Yaltırık 1984). 2011.08.18., S. Mutun & S. Dinç. PARATYPES: 8 females with the same label as the holotype. The New oak gall wasp from Turkey 123

Figures 1. Andricus shuhuti n. sp., asexual female: a, head (anterior view); b, head (dorsal view); c, head (posterior view); d, head (lateral view); e, antenna.

Figures 2. Andricus shuhuti, n. sp., asexual female: a, mesoscutum (dorsal view); b, mesoscutellum (dorsal view); c, pronotum (part) and propleura (anterior view); d, mesosoma (lateral view); e, fore leg (part); f, hind tarsal claw. 124 S. Dinc et al.

Figures 3. Andricus shuhuti, n. sp., asexual female: a, forewing (part); b, metascutellum and (posterodorsal view); c, (part) and ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view).

Figures 4. Andricus shuhuti, n. sp., galls: a, young growing gall; b–c, mature gall; d, dissected gall, with adult gall wasp in the middle; e, freshly emerged gall wasp (gall photos by S. Dinç). New oak gall wasp from Turkey 125 holotype and 5 paratypes were deposited at the emarginate and incised medially, with distinct BPDL, and 3 paratypes were deposited at the deep anterior tentorial pits, distinct epistomal sul- AIBU collection. cus and clypeo-pleurostomal line. Frons cori- Material examined. Galls of this species were aceous, with impression above antennal socket. collected also in Turkey, Afyon Tekke N 38 475 83' Vertex and occiput coriaceous; interocellar area E 30 43 793', 1350 m a.s.l., on Q. vulcanica, coll. slightly elevated, with rugose sculpture. Postoc- 2012.07.02., S. Mutun & S. Dinç, Konya, near Ku- ciput around occipital foramen impressed, with rucuova N 37 652 84' E 31 445 01', 1268 m a.s.l., on numerous delicate striae extending to postgenal Q. infectoria, coll. 2012.09.19., S. Mutun & S. Dinç, bridge. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, as long as Denizli Çivril near İğdir Village N 38 354 87' E 29 head+mesosoma; pedicel nearly 2.5 times shorter 740 05', 1010 m a.s.l., on Q. infectoria, coll. than scape, longer than broad; F1 2.6 times as long 2012.09.20., S. Mutun & S. Dinç, Denizli Çivril near as pedicel, 1.4 times as long as F2, from F3 all sub- Cabar Village N 38 398 14' E 29 726 98' 965 m a.s.l., sequent flagellomeres slightly shorter; F12 slightly on Q. infectoria, Coll. 2012.09.20., S. Mutun & S. longer than F11; placoid sensillae on F3–F12, in Dinç, Çanakkale Ayvacık near Nusratlı N 39 583 numerous rows, absent on F1–F2. 86' E 26 526 60' 472 m a.s.l., on Q. infectoria, coll. Mesosoma slightly longer than high in lateral 2012. 09.21., S. Mutun & S. Dinç, but no adults view; with uniform, dense white setae. Pronotum were reared from those galls. uniformly delicately coriaceous, with uniform Description. ASEXUAL female (holotype) dense white setae. Anterior rim of pronotum nar- (Figs 1–3, 4e). Head brown, posteriorly black, with row, emarginate; propleuron coriaceous, with mandibles and stripe along attachment line of white setae, strongly concave in mediocentral part. mandibles black or dark brown. Antenna brown. Mesoscutum longer than broad (width measured Pronotum, mesopleuron, mesoscutum, mesos- across base of tegulae); with distinct punctures, cutellum and lateral propodeal area brown; especially in the internotauli area; area between parapsidal lines, median stripes between notauli, punctures shiny, smooth. Notauli distinct, com- scutellar foveae, metascutellum, metanotal trough, plete, reaching pronotum, well-impressed; median central propodeal area, mesosoma ventrally and mesoscutal line absent; anterior parallel lines dis- 2nd metasomal tergite dorsally black. Legs brown tinct, extending to half length of mesoscutum; with dense white setae. Head, mesosoma and me- parapsidal line indicated by black stripe. Mesos- tasoma with uniformly very dense, long white se- cutellum uniformly delicately coriaceous, as broad tae. as long, flat, overhanging metanotum. Scutellar Head coriaceous, 1.8 times as broad as long foveae transversely ovate, with shiny, smooth bot- from above, 1.3 times as broad as high anteriorly tom and very dense white setae, separated by ele- and distinctly narrower than width of mesosoma. vated median carina. Mesopleuron, including Gena coriaceous, broader than cross diameter of speculum, uniformly delicately coriaceous, with eye, strongly broadened behind eye, well visible in dense white setae; mesopleural triangle rugose, anterior view behind eye. Malar space coriaceous, with dense white setae. Metapleural sulcus dis- without striae and malar sulcus, 0.4 times as long tinct, delimiting area with very dense white setae, as height of eye. POL 1.7 times as long as OOL; reaching mesopleuron in upper 1/3rd; preaxilla co- OOL 1.2 times as long as LOL and 3.7 times as riaceous; lateral axillar area with parallel wrinkles, long as diameter of lateral ocellus., Ocelli slightly without setae; axillar carina broad, smooth, shiny ovate, equal in size and shape. Transfacial distance with longitudinal striae; axillula slightly ovate, 1.1 times as long as height of eye and 1.5 times as with very dense white setae hidden sculpture; long as height of lower face (distance between an- subaxillular bar smooth, shiny, black, in most pos- tennal rim and ventral margin of clypeus); diame- terior end as high as height of metanotal trough, ter of antennal torulus nearly equal to distance be- covered with very dense long white setae, its tween them, distance between torulus and eye sculpture hidden. Metascutellum black, delicately margin 1.5 times as long as diameter of torulus. coriaceous, nearly as high as height of smooth, Lower face coriaceous, with elevated median area shiny ventral impressed area. Lateral propodeal and very dense setae. Clypeus quadrangular, carinae curved outwards in the middle, delimiting nearly twice broader than high, with nearly paral- smooth black central area with few delicate irregu- lel sides, coriaceous, impressed, flat, with some lar wrinkles, with dense white setae along carinae; transverse delicate striae ventrally, ventrally lateral propodeal area uniformly coriaceous, with 126 S. Dinc et al. very dense white setae; nucha very short, without very dense, hiding the surface sculpture; the me- striae. tasoma higher than long in lateral view; 2nd me- Forewing longer than body, with dark brown tasomal tergite dorsally always black; the promi- veins, margin with dense, short cilia; radial cell 3.5 nent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium times as long as broad, R1 nearly reaching wing around 3.0 times longer than broad. In A. askewi, margin, Rs reaching margin; Rs+M distinct in dis- antenna very dark brown to black, the head, tal 3/4, its projection reaching basalis at half mesosoma and metasoma are reddish brown with height; areolet large, triangular, well-delimited. small patches of black on the mesosoma only; the Anterior surface of fore tibia with long oblique se- white setae on the head, mesosoma and metasoma tae. Tarsal claw with strong acute, deep basal lobe. moderately dense, but do not hide the surface Metasoma longer than head+mesosoma, sculpture; the metasoma nearly as long as high in slightly higher than long in lateral view, smooth, lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergite dorsally red- shiny. All metasomal tergites with very dense dish brown, never black; prominent part of the white setae dorsally and laterally; prominent part ventral spine of the hypopygium only 2.2–2.5 of ventral spine of hypopygium short, around 3.0 times longer than broad. times longer than broad, with sparse white setae Biology. Only asexual females are known to ventrally, which extend beyond apex of spine. induce galls on Quercus vulcanica (Fagaceae, Quer- Body length 5.0–5.3 mm (n=8). cus section of oaks, white oaks), which is an en- Gall (Fig. 4.a–d). The gall develops on lower demic species with a narrow native area distrib- shoots near the soil surface. Usually single galls uted only in southwest and central Turkey and are found on the twigs, sometimes in clusters of 3– Syria (Govaerts & Frodin 1998), and also on Q. in- 5. The gall is conical, with a flat bottom, 5–20 mm fectoria, which shows wider distribution range in diameter, attached to the shoot and 10–22 mm from Europe to Iran (Yaltırık 1984). The galls de- height. The outer wall of the gall is very thin, skin- velop through the summer and mature in October. like, 1.0–2.0 mm thick. Inside there is a hollow, Adult wasps overwinter in the gall and probably larval chamber located at the base of the gall (Fig. emerge in the following spring. Adults emerged 4d). Monolocular. The gall is reddish in the begin- from the galls on 2011.10.10. ning of development and later uniformly green, Distribution. Currently known from the vicini- less elongated with soft outer walls when young ties of the cities of Afyon, Denizli, Konya and (Fig. 4a), becoming uniformly greenish brown Çanakkale, Turkey. when mature (Fig. 4b–c). Etymology. Named after the nearest village, Shuhut, where the galls were collected. Discussion Diagnosis. All metasomal tergites with dense white setae laterally and dorsally, the anterior sur- The phylogenetic relationships within the western face of fore tibia with long oblique setae and an- Palaearctic Andricus species were studied on the tennae with 12 flagellomeres put this species into basis of gall structures’ evolutionary traits, adult the “Adleria”-non kollari group of Andricus species morphology and gene sequences, and were di- (Melika 2006). In the Andricus key given by Melika vided into six clades: a) mayri–lucidus, b) kollari, c) (2006), A. shuhuti corresponds to the couplet 77, to coriarius, d) quercuscalicis, e) hartigi, and f) foecun- A. stefanii (Kieffer). Within this group of species, datrix; and a few species ( Hartig, A. shuhuti most closely resembles A. askewi A. hystrix Kieffer, A. gallaeurnaeformis (Fonsco- (known also from Iran (Nazemi et al. 2007)) in the lombe)) appeared to be nested on the phylogenetic following characters: F1 of female antenna longer tree away from the main Andricus clades (Stone & than F2; the mesoscutum with distinct punctures, Cook 1998, Rokas et al. 2003, Melika 2006). On the especially in the internotauli area, the area be- basis of morphological peculiarities, the herein de- tween punctures is shiny and smooth; the body is scribed Andricus shuhuti n. sp., belongs to the quer- reddish brown or brown, with more or less ex- cuscalicis clade of Andricus, showing that this spe- tended black patches; head narrower than the cies falls into a subclade with Andricus caputmedu- mesosoma; scutellar foveae separated by a narrow sae (Hartig), A. dentimitratus (Rejtö), A. coronatus carina. In A. shuhuti, antenna brown, never black, (Giraud) and A. askewi (Rokas et al. 2003). Species the same colour as the head and mesosoma; the belonging to the quercuscalicis clade have alternat- white setae on the head, mesosoma and metasoma ing generations, and the sexual generations are New oak gall wasp from Turkey 127 known to be associated with the Cerris section of Melika, G. (2006): Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik Zoologii, Suppl. 21(1-2): 1–300, 301-644. oaks (Stone et al. 2008). Probably the herein de- Melika, G., Pujade-Villar, J., Abe, Y., Tang, C.-T., Nicholls, J., Wachi, scribed new species also might have a sexual gen- N., Ide, T., Yang, M.-M., Pénzes, Z., Csóka, G., Stone, G.N. eration that develops on oaks belonging to the (2010): Palaearctic oak gallwasps galling oaks (Quercus) in the section Cerris: re-appraisal of generic limits, with descriptions of Cerris section. However, this must be proved by new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). further research. Zootaxa 2470: 1-79. Melika, G., Stone, G.N. (2001): A new species of cynipid gall wasp from Turkey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 62: 127-131.

Melika, G., Stone, G.N., Sadeghi, S.E., Pujade-Villar, J. (2004): New Acknowledgments. Our fieldwork was supported by a species of cynipid gall wasps from Iran and Turkey grant from the Abant Izzet Baysal University Scientific (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Acta Zoologica Hungarica Research Project Unit (Project No: BAP 2011.01.03.381). 50(2): 139-151. We would like to thank M. T. Babaç for his help in Mutun, S., Dinç, S. (2011): Contributions to the gallwasp identification of oaks. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) fauna of Turkey with a new record. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 5(3): 8385.

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