The Climate of Mt Wilhelm RJ Hnatiuk JM B Smith D N Mcvean Mt Wilhelm Studies 2
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The Legacy of the German Language in Papua New Guinea T
Craig Alan Voll<er The legacy of the German language in Papua New Guinea t. lntroduction' German colonial rule in the western Pacific began formally in 1884 when unbe- known to them, people in north-eastern New Guinea (Ifuiser Wilhelmsland), the archipelago around the Bismarck Sea, and in the next year, almost ali of neigh- boring Micronesia were proclaimed to be under German "protection". This act changed ways of living that had existed for tens of thousands of years and laid the foundation for what eventually became the modern state of Papua New Guinea. This proclamation was made in German, a language that was then unknown to Melanesians and Micronesians. Today the German language is again mostly unknown to most Melanesians and only a few visible traces of any German colonial legacy remain. There are no old colonial buildings, no monuments outside of a few small and almost hidden cemeteries, and no German Clubs or public signs in German. In this century there has not even been a German embassy. But it is impossible to step out in New Ireland (the former "Neu-Mecklenburg"), for example, without being con- fronted by a twenty-first century reality that is in part a creation of German col- onial rule. Species that were introduced by the Germans stiil retain their German name, frorn clover,I(lee in both German and the local Nalik language to pineap- ples (GermanAnanas / Nalik ananas). The best rural road in the country the Bulominski Highway was started by and named after the last German governor of Neu-Mecklenburg and a mountain range is known as the Schleinitz Range. -
Los Cien Montes Más Prominentes Del Planeta D
LOS CIEN MONTES MÁS PROMINENTES DEL PLANETA D. Metzler, E. Jurgalski, J. de Ferranti, A. Maizlish Nº Nombre Alt. Prom. Situación Lat. Long. Collado de referencia Alt. Lat. Long. 1 MOUNT EVEREST 8848 8848 Nepal/Tibet (China) 27°59'18" 86°55'27" 0 2 ACONCAGUA 6962 6962 Argentina -32°39'12" -70°00'39" 0 3 DENALI / MOUNT McKINLEY 6194 6144 Alaska (USA) 63°04'12" -151°00'15" SSW of Rivas (Nicaragua) 50 11°23'03" -85°51'11" 4 KILIMANJARO (KIBO) 5895 5885 Tanzania -3°04'33" 37°21'06" near Suez Canal 10 30°33'21" 32°07'04" 5 COLON/BOLIVAR * 5775 5584 Colombia 10°50'21" -73°41'09" local 191 10°43'51" -72°57'37" 6 MOUNT LOGAN 5959 5250 Yukon (Canada) 60°34'00" -140°24’14“ Mentasta Pass 709 62°55'19" -143°40’08“ 7 PICO DE ORIZABA / CITLALTÉPETL 5636 4922 Mexico 19°01'48" -97°16'15" Champagne Pass 714 60°47'26" -136°25'15" 8 VINSON MASSIF 4892 4892 Antarctica -78°31’32“ -85°37’02“ 0 New Guinea (Indonesia, Irian 9 PUNCAK JAYA / CARSTENSZ PYRAMID 4884 4884 -4°03'48" 137°11'09" 0 Jaya) 10 EL'BRUS 5642 4741 Russia 43°21'12" 42°26'21" West Pakistan 901 26°33'39" 63°39'17" 11 MONT BLANC 4808 4695 France 45°49'57" 06°51'52" near Ozero Kubenskoye 113 60°42'12" c.37°07'46" 12 DAMAVAND 5610 4667 Iran 35°57'18" 52°06'36" South of Kaukasus 943 42°01'27" 43°29'54" 13 KLYUCHEVSKAYA 4750 4649 Kamchatka (Russia) 56°03'15" 160°38'27" 101 60°23'27" 163°53'09" 14 NANGA PARBAT 8125 4608 Pakistan 35°14'21" 74°35'27" Zoji La 3517 34°16'39" 75°28'16" 15 MAUNA KEA 4205 4205 Hawaii (USA) 19°49'14" -155°28’05“ 0 16 JENGISH CHOKUSU 7435 4144 Kyrghysztan/China 42°02'15" 80°07'30" -
Kosipe Revisited
Peat in the mountains of New Guinea G.S. Hope Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia _______________________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY Peatlands are common in montane areas above 1,000 m in New Guinea and become extensive above 3,000 m in the subalpine zone. In the montane mires, swamp forests and grass or sedge fens predominate on swampy valley bottoms. These mires may be 4–8 m in depth and up to 30,000 years in age. In Papua New Guinea (PNG) there is about 2,250 km2 of montane peatland, and Papua Province (the Indonesian western half of the island) probably contains much more. Above 3,000 m, peat soils form under blanket bog on slopes as well as on valley floors. Vegetation types include cushion bog, grass bog and sedge fen. Typical peat depths are 0.5‒1 m on slopes, but valley floors and hollows contain up to 10 m of peat. The estimated total extent of mountain peatland is 14,800 km2 with 5,965 km2 in PNG and about 8,800 km2 in Papua Province. The stratigraphy, age structure and vegetation histories of 45 peatland or organic limnic sites above 750 m have been investigated since 1965. These record major vegetation shifts at 28,000, 17,000‒14,000 and 9,000 years ago and a variable history of human disturbance from 14,000 years ago with extensive clearance by the mid- Holocene at some sites. While montane peatlands were important agricultural centres in the Holocene, the introduction of new dryland crops has resulted in the abandonment of some peatlands in the last few centuries. -
Paleoceanography of the Gulf of Papua Using Multiple Geophysical and Micropaleontological Proxies Lawrence A
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2007 Paleoceanography of the Gulf of Papua using multiple geophysical and micropaleontological proxies Lawrence A. Febo Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Febo, Lawrence A., "Paleoceanography of the Gulf of Papua using multiple geophysical and micropaleontological proxies" (2007). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3357. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3357 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OF THE GULF OF PAPUA USING MULTIPLE GEOPHYSICAL AND MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL PROXIES A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geology and Geophysics by Lawrence A. Febo B.S., Ohio State University, 1999 M.S., Ohio State University, 2003 December 2007 For my late advisor, Dr. John Wrenn ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS What you are about to read, and I certainly hope enjoy, is the result of a significant effort not just on my part, but also from so many people who I would like to thank. First, I thank my late advisor Dr. John Wrenn. John was an excellent mentor to me and instrumental in shaping who I have now become as a scientist and teacher. -
Newsletter Date: 27Th May, 2020
Issue#: 1/2020 Newsletter Date: 27th May, 2020 MISSION STATEMENT Tininga will provide a friendly and secure shopping environment that delivers the highest standards of service and value to our customer. Patrick Duckworth Managing Director Mr. Patrick Duckworth [email protected] Managing Director Welcome everybody to the Tininga Newsletter’s first edition, put together by our Margie Duckworth Human Resources Manager David Katu ……… thank you David for getting this great Managing Director initiative started. [email protected] As Tininga celebrates its 15th Anniversary since the Best Buy store opened in May 2005 Phil Kelly Margie and myself see the Newsletter as a means to pass information about events, General Manager happenings and stories within and around the company to all members of our team and [email protected] their families and would welcome any feedback as to how we might both improve and add content to the newsletter Tininga Limited P. O. Box 587 2020 is a year that’s presenting us with many challenges but Tininga is a diverse Mt. Hagen company, built in its Mount Hagen home and well positioned to deal with these testing Western Highlands Province circumstances. Despite the current economic state of the nation we continue with plans to expand and maximise the opportunities available to us. PAPUA NEW GUINEA Phone: (675) 542 1577 We could not achieve this without all of your efforts and particularly those of the Facsimile: (675) 542 3638 wonderful core management group we have leading the Company. Website: www.tininga.com.pg A big thankyou to you all. -
Papua New Guinea Highlands and Mt Wilhelm 1978 Part 1
PAPUA NEW GUINEA HIGHLANDS AND MT WILHELM 1978 PART 1 The predawn forest became alive with the melodic calls of unseen thrushes, and the piercing calls of distant parrots. The skies revealed the warmth of the morning dawn revealing thunderheads over the distant mountains that seemed to reach the melting stars as the night sky disappeared. I was 30 meters above the ground in a tree blind climbed before dawn. Swirling mists enshrouded the steep jungle canopy amidst a great diversity of forest trees. I was waiting for male lesser birds of paradise Paradisaea minor to come in to a tree lek next to the blind, where males compete for prominent perches and defend them from rivals. From these perch’s males display by clapping their wings and shaking their head. At sunrise, two male Lesser Birds-of-Paradise arrived, scuffled for the highest perch and called with a series of loud far-carrying cries that increase in intensity. They then displayed and bobbed their yellow-and-iridescent-green heads for attention, spreading their feathers wide and hopped about madly, singing a one-note tune. The birds then lowered their heads, continuing to display their billowing golden white plumage rising above their rust-red wings. A less dazzling female flew in and moved around between the males critically choosing one, mated, then flew off. I was privileged to have used a researcher study blind and see one of the most unique group of birds in the world endemic to Papua New Guinea and its nearby islands. Lesser bird of paradise lek near Mt Kaindi near Wau Ecology Institute Birds of paradise are in the crow family, with intelligent crow behavior, and with amazingly complex sexual mate behavior. -
PAPUA NEW GUINEA Ramu River Below Yonki Dam Spillway 1
PAPUA NEW GUINEA Ramu River below Yonki dam Spillway 1. COUNTRY INTRODUCTION Description: Economy: Located directly north of Australia and east of Papua New Guinea (PNG) has vast reserves of Indonesia, in between the Coral Sea and the natural resources, but exploitation has been South Pacific Ocean, Papua New Guinea (PNG) hampered by rugged terrain, land tenure issues, comprises several large high volcanic islands and and the high cost of developing infrastructure. numerous volcanic and coral atolls. PNG has the The economy is focused mainly on the extraction largest land area found within the Pacific Island and export of the abundant natural resources. Countries with an area of over 462,840kms2. The Mineral deposits, including copper, gold, and highest point is Mount Wilhelm at 4,509m. The oil, account for nearly two-thirds of the export land is characterised by densely forested steep earnings. Agriculture provides a subsistence catchments, where less than 0.5% of the land area livelihood for 85% of the people. Natural gas is considered arable with an estimated 1.4% of reserves amount to an estimated 227 billion cubic total the land used for permanent crops. meters. A consortium led by a major American oil company is constructing a liquefied natural The 2000 census data identifies a population gas (LNG) production facility that could begin of 5,190,786 (PNG, National Statistics Office), exporting in 2014. As the largest investment with an estimated 87% of the population project in the country’s history, it has the living in rural areas (Demography and Housing potential to double GDP in the near-term and survey, 2006). -
Mount Wilhelm
Mount Wilhelm DAVID J BROADHEAD The rain finally started about noon, soon after I had reached the hut. Across the coire, through gathering cloud, the waterfall feeding Lake Aunde indicated the direction of tomorrow's route until it too was swallowed up by the mist, focusing our attention inside. Now little more than a shabby bothy, the wooden hut with its ubiquitous corrugated iron roofhadonce been a research station for the Australian National University. As welcome as any bothy in bad weather, the place was soon bustling with activity as the soaking stragglers arrived, claiming their bit of floor space before changing out ofwet gear and organizing food and hot drinks for themselves and the Chimbu carriers. Activity gradually slowed down in the afternoon as the carriers headed back, leaving the rest of us to come to terms with the altitude of 3480 metres, having left our homes at sea level the previous morning. Although we were close to the equator, it was cold enough at this height to endure the smoky stove for the evening before 'retiring early in preparation for an alpine start, despite the rain which was still drumming on the roof. When I first applied for a post in Papua New Guinea I had only the vaguest idea about this country, located just north of Australia. New Guinea, I soon discovered, is the world's second largest island, divided by a complex colonial history into two separate nations. Fascinating, but what of the climbing possibilities? The mountains which drew Heinrich Harrer and Peter Boardman lie in the western half, Irian Jaya, a troubled province of Indonesia, while independent PNG seems to have attracted more than its share of gold prospectors, missionaries, war heroes and anthropologists, judging from a browse through my local library. -
THE NATURE of HIGHLAND VALLEYS, CENTRAL PAPUA NEW GUINEA with 2 Figuresanc^ 2 Photos
212Erdkunde Band 30/1976 THE NATURE OF HIGHLAND VALLEYS, CENTRAL PAPUA NEW GUINEA With 2 figuresanc^ 2 photos R. J. Blong and C. F. Pain Zusammen assung: Die der Hochlandtaler over a area now j Morphogenese wider (Fig. 1) allow re-examination von Central Neu-Guinea. Papua, of the nature of Papua New Guinea highland valleys. Bik andeutete, dafi die des Obgleich (1967) Bergtaler In order to test the hypothesis that the superficial Papua Neu Guinea-Hochlandes oberflachlich den von Louis resemblance between the Papua New Guinea highland beschriebenen ?Flachmuldentalern mit Rah (1957, 1964) and Louis' Flachmuldentdler mit Rahmenhd menhohen" sind erst valleys gleichen, eingehende Untersuchungen hen ismore to kurzlich unternommen worden. than justmorphological, it is necessary the nature and of on the Die Hangfufibereiche in einer Anzahl von Talern erge study age deposits valley ben sich aus dem fortwahrenden Zuwachs von tonreichen slopes and floors; in particular it is necessary to show whether or not the floors are erosio Sedimenten oder aus der spatpleistozanen kolluvialen Ab valley and slopes lagerung. In nahezu jedem untersuchten Tal haben vulkani nal features. zu sche Ablagerungen bis mehreren hundert Metern Dicke die vorher V-formigen Talboden aufgefiillt. In einigen Ta lern setzt sich die Auffiillung mit lakustrischen, organischen Valley footslopes und fluviatilen Sedimenten, die vor mehr als 50 000 Jahren With reference to the Andabare Plain, Bik writes: begann, bis zum heutigen Tage fort. Die machtige Auf . where the often abut the schuttung und fortlaufende Ablagerung erlaubt die Zuriick footslopes against stream the former are of weisung von Bik's Vorstellung, dafi die Talboden und channels, certainly slopes aus of waste. -
Squandering Paradise?
THREATS TO PROTECTED AREAS SQUANDERING PARADISE? The importance and vulnerability of the world’s protected areas By Christine Carey, Nigel Dudley and Sue Stolton Published May 2000 By WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund) International, Gland, Switzerland Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above- mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. © 2000, WWF - World Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund) ® WWF Registered Trademark WWF's mission is to stop the degradation of the planet's natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by: · conserving the world's biological diversity · ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable · promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption Front cover photograph © Edward Parker, UK The photograph is of fire damage to a forest in the National Park near Andapa in Madagascar Cover design Helen Miller, HMD, UK 1 THREATS TO PROTECTED AREAS Preface It would seem to be stating the obvious to say that protected areas are supposed to protect. When we hear about the establishment of a new national park or nature reserve we conservationists breathe a sigh of relief and assume that the biological and cultural values of another area are now secured. Unfortunately, this is not necessarily true. Protected areas that appear in government statistics and on maps are not always put in place on the ground. Many of those that do exist face a disheartening array of threats, ranging from the immediate impacts of poaching or illegal logging to subtle effects of air pollution or climate change. -
MOUNT WILHELM CLIMB Monday 10Th to Friday 14Th August 2015
MOUNT WILHELM CLIMB Monday 10th to Friday 14th August 2015 4509 meters (14793 feet) Mt Wilhelm is the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea and Oceania has rugged peaks with a well formed trail leading to its summit. The ascent crosses diverse and beautiful terrain with open grassland on the slopes and granite predominant in the higher levels. It is not a technical mountain to climb and takes 3 – 4 days to ascend. There are no ropes involved or high altitude gear or equipment required. You WILL feel the effects of altitude on Wilhelm. Although we do our very best to have a 100% success rate to the summit, safety is our highest priority. Safety will not be compromised under any circumstances. This mountain lends itself to all age groups and would expect anyone wanting to ascend to be in good physical condition. This day is twice had hard as any day on Kokoda. REMEMBER IT IS OPTIONAL TO GET TO THE TOP BUT COMPULSORY TO GET DOWN This has to be one of the most scenically spectacular areas of Papua New Guinea. The terrain is rugged and to see gardens on these steepest of slopes is truly amazing. We trek through three echo systems, tropical, temperate and alpine. You will see amazing wild orchids and trek through a savanna of cycads. If you want to truly experience the highlands of Papua New Guinea this is a must do trek. If you don’t want to climb the mountain take the leisurely walk to base camp or you may chose to stay at the Lodge which is a remarkable experience in itself. -
Where the Trees Disappear, the Alpines Begin, Rich in Growth Forms of the Low-Bush Downloaded by Guest on September 25, 2021 VOL
860 BOTANY: J. CLAUSEN PROC. N. A. S. 20 hr. The same would not be true, however, if both groups of cells were exposed to 200 r/day. Summary.-Experiments were performed with seedlings of Pisum sativum to test the hypothesis that radiosensitivity with respect to chromosome damage in- creases during chronic irradiation with increased mitotic cycle time. Mlinimum cycle times were determined for root meristem cells. Temperatures of 300, 250, 150, and 100C were used to obtain different minimum cycle times. The results of chronic exposures indicated that (1) the minimum cycle time was not altered in Pisum sativum until the total exposure per cycle exceeded about 440-450 r; (2) the percentage of cells showing damaged chromosomes at a stated daily exposure rate increased with decreasing temperatures if mitotic cycle time was not con- sidered; but (3) when the cycle time is taken into account, the production of dam- aged cells is a linear function of the amount of total exposure per mitotic cycle up to the critical value 440-450 r/cycle. The authors wish to thank Dr. D. Roy Davies and Mrs. Rhoda C. Sparrow for discussions and suggestions concerning this manuscript, and Dr. Keith Thompson for performing the necessary statistical analyses. * Research was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory under the auspices of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. I Sparrow, A. H., and H. J. Evans, in Fundamental Aspects of Radiosensitivity, Brookhaven Symposia in Biology, No. 14 (1961), p. 76. 2 Sparrow, A. H., R. L. Cuany, J. P. Miksche, and L. A. Schairer, Radiation Botany, 1, 10 (1961).