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A Revision of the Fern Genus Oleandra (Oleandraceae) in Asia 1 Doi: 10.3897/Phytokeys.11.2955 Monograph Launched to Accelerate Biodiversity Research
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 11: 1–37 (2012)A revision of the fern genus Oleandra (Oleandraceae) in Asia 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.11.2955 MONOGRAPH www.phytokeys.com Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A revision of the fern genus Oleandra (Oleandraceae) in Asia Peter H. Hovenkamp1, Boon-Chuan Ho2 1 Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section NHN), Leiden University, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 2 Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms- Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, D-53115 Bonn, Germany Corresponding author: Peter H. Hovenkamp ([email protected]) Academic editor: T. Ranker | Received 16 February 2011 | Accepted 29 March 2012 | Published 6 April 2012 Citation: Hovenkamp PH, Ho B-C (2012) A revision of the fern genus Oleandra (Oleandraceae) in Asia. PhytoKeys 11: 1–37. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.11.2955 Abstract The Asiatic species of Oleandra (Oleandraceae) are revised. We reduce a large number of species to O. neriiformis and O. sibbaldii, we provide a revised circumscription of O. cumingii and O. undulata and we establish the identity of O. vulpina. In total, we recognize 9 species, with full synonymy, descriptions and distribution maps. A list of identifications is appended. Keywords Oleandra, systematics Introduction Virtually all authors who have dealt with the genus Oleandra Cav. have commented on its distinctness or naturalness. The shrubby growth form, particularly distinct in O. neriiformis Cav., prompted Cavanilles (1799; 1802) not only to derive the genus name, but also the species name from Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae). From this it should be clear that he saw the aerial stems of Oleandra neriiformis, of which the forms with distinctly whorled fronds are indeed strongly reminiscent of branches of Nerium olean- der. -
Native and Exotic “Boston Ferns” and “Sword Ferns” (Nephrolepis Spp.)
A Case of Mistaken Identity Native and Exotic “Boston Ferns” and “Sword Ferns” (Nephrolepis spp.) Figure 1. Florida’s native sword fern, also known as wild Boston fern, is a dominant feature of south Florida hammocks and a popular native landscape plant (Nephrolepis exaltata). Shown here in DuPuis Preserve (Palm Beach/Martin County). Ken Langeland desired plants of grow- University of Florida Center for ers and yearly sales Aquatic and Invasive Plants soared in the hundred Figure 2. st 7922 NW 71 Street, Gainesville, FL 32653 thousands.” In 1894, a Fronds of [email protected] cultivar of N. exaltata Florida’s was discovered in a native giant Introduction shipment from a Phil- sword fern Florida’s native sword fern, also adelphia grower to a (Nephrolepis know as wild Boston fern, (Nephrolepis Boston distributer and biserrata) are exaltata) (Figure 1) and giant sword fern named N. exaltata cv. often 2 m (Nephrolepis biserrata) (Figure 2), were ‘Bostoniensis’, hence the long. Shown highly admired by early botanists, commonly used name here in Fern naturalists, and horticulturists (Small Boston fern (Foster Forest, 1918a, 1918b, Simpson 1920, Foster 1984). Other derivatives Pompano 1984). Charles Torrey Simpson (1920) of N. exaltata cv. ‘Bosto- Beach wrote: “But the real glory of the ham- niensis’, ranging from (Broward mock is the two species of Nephrolepis, 1-5-pinnate, and with County). one being the well known “Boston“ such descriptive names fern.” According to Foster (1984) as N. exaltata cv. ‘Florida “—they [N. exaltata] could be seen in [Fluffy] Ruffles’ were homes and public buildings almost developed and are still known from native sword fern and giant sword everywhere. -
The Nephrolepis Boston Fern Complex Series Editors (Including Nephrolepis Exaltata [L.] Dan Blanchon Schott), Nephrolepidaceae, Naturalised in New Zealand
PERSPECTIVES IN Biosecurity RESEARCH SERIES 2/2016 The Nephrolepis Boston fern complex SERIES EDITORS (including Nephrolepis exaltata [L.] Dan Blanchon Schott), Nephrolepidaceae, naturalised in New Zealand. Mel Galbraith Mark Large and Lizzy Farrington PERSPECTIVES IN BIOSECURITY RESEARCH SERIES 2/2016 The Nephrolepis Boston fern complex (including Nephrolepis exaltata [L.] Schott), Nephrolepidaceae, naturalised in New Zealand. By Mark Large and Lizzy Farrington The Nephrolepis Boston fern complex (including Nephrolepis exaltata [L.] Schott), Nephrolepidaceae, naturalised in New Zealand by Mark Large and Lizzy Farrington is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. This publication may be cited as: Large, M., and Farrington, L. (2016). The Nephrolepis Boston fern complex (including Nephrolepis exaltata [L.] Schott), Nephrolepidaceae, naturalised in New Zealand. Unitec ePress Perspectives in Biosecurity Research Series (2). Retrieved from http://www.unitec.ac.nz/epress/ About this series: Perspectives in Biosecurity is an occasional, multi-disciplinary electronic series of research papers and other outputs covering all aspects of the field of biosecurity, including, but not restricted to: invasion biology and ecology, invasive species identification/ diagnostics, management and eradication/control, new invasive species records, modelling, biosecurity law and policy, relationships between human society and invasive species. Papers in Perspectives in Biosecurity are primarily the results of research carried out by staff, students, graduates, associates, and collaborators of Unitec Institute of Technology. All papers are subject to a double blind peer review process. For more papers in this series please visit: www.unitec.ac.nz/epress/index.php/category/publications/epress-series/perspectives-in-biosecurity/ Cover design by Penny Thomson Cover image by Mel Galbraith On the cover is the Australian tachinid fly (Trigonospila brevifacies), a parasitoid of other insects, specifically larvae of a number of Lepidoptera. -
Aeroponic and Hydroponic Systems for Medicinal Herb, Rhizome, and Root Crops Anita L
Aeroponic and Hydroponic Systems for Medicinal Herb, Rhizome, and Root Crops Anita L. Hayden1 Native American Botanics Corporation, P.O. Box 44287, Tucson, AZ 85733 Additional index words. Arctium, Urtica, Anemopsis, Zingiber, Scutellaria, greenhouse Summary. Hydroponic and aeroponic production of medicinal crops in controlled environments provides opportunities for improving quality, purity, consistency, bioactivity, and biomass production on a commercial scale. Ideally, the goal is to optimize the environment and systems to maximize all five characteristics. Examples of crop production systems using perlite hydropon- ics, nutrient film technique (NFT), ebb and flow, and aeroponics were studied for various root, rhizome, and herb leaf crops. Biomass data comparing aeroponic vs. soilless culture or field grown production of burdock root (Arctium lappa), stinging nettles herb and rhizome (Urtica dioica), and yerba mansa root and rhizome (Anemopsis californica) are presented, as well as smaller scale projects observing ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale) and skullcap herb (Scutellaria lateriflora). Phytochemical concentration of marker compounds for burdock and yerba mansa in different growing systems are presented. Production of medicinal herb and root crops the plants hydrated. NFT is a gutter (channel) of the crop are suspended in a spray chamber in controlled environments (CE) provides op- system without any aggregate medium, and where they are fully accessible for monitoring portunities for improving the quality, purity, where the fertilizer -
Spores of Serpocaulon (Polypodiaceae): Morphometric and Phylogenetic Analyses
Grana, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2016.1184307 Spores of Serpocaulon (Polypodiaceae): morphometric and phylogenetic analyses VALENTINA RAMÍREZ-VALENCIA1,2 & DAVID SANÍN 3 1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Center of Tropical Paleocology and Arqueology, Grupo de Investigación en Agroecosistemas y Conservación de Bosques Amazonicos-GAIA, Ancón Panamá, Republic of Panama, 2Laboratorio de Palinología y Paleoecología Tropical, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, 3Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia Caquetá, Colombia Abstract The morphometry and sculpture pattern of Serpocaulon spores was studied in a phylogenetic context. The species studied were those used in a published phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast DNA regions. Four additional Polypodiaceae species were examined for comparative purposes. We used scanning electron microscopy to image 580 specimens of spores from 29 species of the 48 recognised taxa. Four discrete and ten continuous characters were scored for each species and optimised on to the previously published molecular tree. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that verrucae width/verrucae length and verrucae width/spore length index and outline were the most important morphological characters. The first two axes explain, respectively, 56.3% and 20.5% of the total variance. Regular depressed and irregular prominent verrucae were present in derived species. However, the morphology does not support any molecular clades. According to our analyses, the evolutionary pathway of the ornamentation of the spores is represented by depressed irregularly verrucae to folded perispore to depressed regular verrucae to irregularly prominent verrucae. Keywords: character evolution, ferns, eupolypods I, canonical correspondence analysis useful in phylogenetic analyses of several other Serpocaulon is a fern genus restricted to the tropics groups of ferns (Wagner 1974; Pryer et al. -
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lotus Rhizome Starch Using Α-Amylase and Glucoamylase
Journal of Food and Nutrition Research (ISSN 1336-8672) Vol. 56, 2017, No. 4, pp. 372–380 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lotus rhizome starch using α-amylase and glucoamylase LI GUO Summary To study the susceptibility of lotus root starch to digestive enzymes and its potential impact on glycemic response, enzyme kinetics and in vitro digestibility of the granular, gelatinized and retrograded starches were analysed. The results showed that the digestion rate coefficient values of the granular, gelatinized and retrograded starches were 4.6 × 10-3 min-1, 9.8 × 10-3 min−1 and 2.3 × 10-3 min−1, respectively. Compared to the granular starch, content of rapid digestible starch (RDS) increased by 39.0 %, content of slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) decreased by 9.6 % and 15.0 % after gelatinization, respectively. While content of RDS decreased by 21.1 %, content of SDS and RS increased by 2.1 % and 20.8 % after retrogradation, respectively. As for glycemic index (GI) and hydroly- sis index (HI), GI (70.57) and HI (56.21) of the gelatinized starch were higher than GI (66.63) and HI (49.03) of the granular starch, and GI (57.83) and HI (33.01) of the retrograded starch. The results provide an interesting information about exploring novel and slow digestible foods made of lotus root starch for potential health benefits. Keywords lotus root starch; digestibility; α-amylase; glucoamylase Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a well-known and mucosal α-glucosidase in the human gastroin- medicinal plant widely cultivated in Asian coun- testinal tract [5, 6]. -
Phylogenetic Diversity of Ferns Reveals Different Patterns of Niche Conservatism and Habitat Filtering Between Epiphytic and Terrestrial Assemblages†
a Frontiers of Biogeography 2021, 13.3, e50023 Frontiers of Biogeography RESEARCH ARTICLE the scientific journal of the International Biogeography Society Phylogenetic diversity of ferns reveals different patterns of niche conservatism and habitat filtering between epiphytic and terrestrial assemblages† Adriana C. Hernández-Rojas1* , Jürgen Kluge1 , Sarah Noben2 , Johan D. Reyes Chávez3 , Thorsten Krömer4 , César I. Carvajal-Hernández5 , Laura Salazar6 and Michael Kessler2 1 Faculty of Geography, Philipps University Marburg, Germany; 2 Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Switzerland; 3 Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano, Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad, Carrera de Ambiente y Desarrollo, Valle de Yeguare, Francisco Morazán, Honduras; 4 Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales (CITRO), Universidad Veracruzana, México; 5 Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, México;6 Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático e Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador. *Corresponding author: Adriana C. Hernández-Rojas, [email protected], [email protected] This paper is part of an Elevational Gradients and Mountain Biodiversity Special Issue. Abstract Highlights Much attention has been directed to understanding • Epiphytic and terrestrial fern assemblages across species richness patterns, but adding an evolutionary elevational and latitudinal -
Plant Life MagillS Encyclopedia of Science
MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D. -
Pdf/A (670.91
Phytotaxa 164 (1): 001–016 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.164.1.1 On the monophyly of subfamily Tectarioideae (Polypodiaceae) and the phylogenetic placement of some associated fern genera FA-GUO WANG1, SAM BARRATT2, WILFREDO FALCÓN3, MICHAEL F. FAY4, SAMULI LEHTONEN5, HANNA TUOMISTO5, FU-WU XING1 & MAARTEN J. M. CHRISTENHUSZ4 1Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China. E-mail: [email protected] 2School of Biological and Biomedical Science, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom. 3Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8075 Zurich, Switzerland. 4Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DS, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] (author for correspondence) 5Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. Abstract The fern genus Tectaria has generally been placed in the family Tectariaceae or in subfamily Tectarioideae (placed in Dennstaedtiaceae, Dryopteridaceae or Polypodiaceae), both of which have been variously circumscribed in the past. Here we study for the first time the phylogenetic relationships of the associated genera Hypoderris (endemic to the Caribbean), Cionidium (endemic to New Caledonia) and Pseudotectaria (endemic to Madagascar and Comoros) using DNA sequence data. Based on a broad sampling of 72 species of eupolypods I (= Polypodiaceae sensu lato) and three plastid DNA regions (atpA, rbcL and the trnL-F intergenic spacer) we were able to place the three previously unsampled genera. -
The Iris- Empress of Flowers
The Iris- Empress of Flowers by Susan Camp If the rose is the queen of flowers, then the regal iris must be the empress. She stands tall, elegantly nodding her head to lesser flowers and mere mortals. The tall bearded iris, in particular, always attracts attention and admiration from gardeners and passersby. One cannot help but pause and appreciate the delicate construction of the blossom and breathe in the sweet fragrance. The colors of the iris range from white through sherbet shades to deeper hues, all the way to purples so deep they are almost black. The colors seem especially vivid this spring. The iris is named for the Greek messenger goddess, symbolized by the rainbow. While it is fun to romanticize the iris and imagine it as a regal representation of the flower world, the iris is a plant with specific cultural needs and several pests and diseases. Iridaceae is a huge genus of 200-300 species. Most species grow from either rhizomes or bulbs. A few grow from fleshy tubers. The species are immensely diverse. The most popular irises grown in the United States are the tall bearded and other bearded varieties. The tall bearded iris, which is rhizomatous, is the focus of this column, but if you enjoy the beauty of the flower, the possibilities for your garden are almost infinite. The tall bearded iris can reach a height of 2 ½ feet. The leaves are vivid green, fleshy, and sword-shaped. The showy flowers consist of three upright inner petals called standards and three outer hanging petal-like sepals, known as falls. -
Culture of Iris Anne M
G1741 Culture of Iris Anne M. Streich, Extension Educator Dale T. Lindgren, Horticulture Specialist Iris culture emphasizes the best in site selection and preparation, planting, culture, and insect and dis- ease control. Irises are among the most popular and beautiful garden flowers for Midwest landscapes (Figure 1). More than 200 species of irises have been found in the wild and from these species, thousands of varieties have been named and made available for public use. Iris plants range in height from just a few inches to over 3 feet and are adapted to a variety of environmental conditions. The standard iris, Japanese iris, Siberian iris, Spuria and yellowflag types are suitable for Nebraska. Iris flowers can be from 1 or 2 inches across up to 8 to Figure 1. Irises 10 inches across and come in almost every color and often in two-color combinations. Irises can be selected to have continuous flowering from early April through June by using Planting an assortment of iris species and cultivars. Irises can be divided into “bearded” and “beardless” Irises grow from an enlarged underground stem called types. The term “bearded” refers to the presence of bushy a rhizome. These rhizomes grow just below the soil surface. “beards” on each of three drooping, petal-like sepals, called They are the source of growth for fans of leaves, flowers falls. The true petals are called standards and are upright. and the roots that anchor the plant. Rhizomes are used to Bearded irises, commonly called standard irises, are the most vegetatively propagate new plants of the same type. -
Flora of New Zealand Ferns and Lycophytes Davalliaceae Pj
FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND FERNS AND LYCOPHYTES DAVALLIACEAE P.J. BROWNSEY & L.R. PERRIE Fascicle 22 – OCTOBER 2018 © Landcare Research New Zealand Limited 2018. Unless indicated otherwise for specific items, this copyright work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence Attribution if redistributing to the public without adaptation: “Source: Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research” Attribution if making an adaptation or derivative work: “Sourced from Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research” See Image Information for copyright and licence details for images. CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION Brownsey, P. J. (Patrick John), 1948– Flora of New Zealand : ferns and lycophytes. Fascicle 22, Davalliaceae / P.J. Brownsey and L.R. Perrie. -- Lincoln, N.Z.: Manaaki Whenua Press, 2018. 1 online resource ISBN 978-0-9 47525-44-6 (pdf) ISBN 978-0-478-34761-6 (set) 1.Ferns -- New Zealand – Identification. I. Perrie, L. R. (Leon Richard). II. Title. III. Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. UDC 582.394.742(931) DC 587.30993 DOI: 10.7931/B15W42 This work should be cited as: Brownsey, P.J. & Perrie, L.R. 2018: Davalliaceae. In: Breitwieser, I.; Wilton, A.D. Flora of New Zealand – Ferns and Lycophytes. Fascicle 22. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln. http://dx.doi.org/10.7931/B15W42 Cover image: Davallia griffithiana. Habit of plant, spreading by means of long-creeping rhizomes. Contents Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1