FAMILY Erythrinidae Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1947 - trahiras [=Erythricthini, Erythroides, Hopliidi] Notes: Name in prevailing recent practice, Article 35.5 Erythricthini [Erythrichthini] Bonaparte 1835:[16] [ref. 32242] (subfamily) Erythrichthys [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; corrected to Erythrichthini by Bonaparte 1837:[7] [ref. 32243]; senior objective synonym of Erythrinidae Valenciennes, 1847, but not used as valid after 1899] Érythroïdes Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:480 [ref. 4883] (family) Erythrinus [latinized to Erythrinidae by Richardson 1856:250 [ref. 3747], confirmed by Gill 1858:410 [ref. 1750] and by Cope 1872:257 [ref. 921]; considered valid with this authorship by Richardson 1856:250 [ref. 3747], by Gill 1893b:131 [ref. 26255] and by Sheiko 2013:44 [ref. 32944] Article 11.7.2; junior objective synonym of Erythrichthini Bonaparte, 1835, but in prevailing recent practice; Erythrinidae also used as valid by: McAllister 1968 [ref. 26854], Lindberg 1971 [ref. 27211], Géry 1972b [ref. 1594], Nelson 1976 [ref.32838], Shiino 1976, Géry 1977 [ref. 1597], Nelson 1984 [ref. 13596], Sterba 1990, Nelson 1994 [ref. 26204], Springer & Raasch 1995:104 [ref. 25656], Eschmeyer 1998 [ref. 23416], Malabarba et al. 1998 [ref. 23777], Reis et al. 2003 [ref. 27061], Nelson 2006 [ref. 32486], Buckup, Menezes & Ghazzi 2007, Oyakawa & Mattox 2009 [ref. 30225], Jacobina, Paiva & Dergam 2011 [ref. 31391]] Hopliidi Fowler, 1958b:9 [ref. 1470] (tribe) Hoplias

GENUS Erythrinus Scopoli, 1777 - trahiras [=Erythrinus Scopoli [J. A.] (ex Gronow), 1777:449, Erythrichthys Bonaparte [C. L.], 1831:182, Erythrinus Gronow [L. T.], 1763:114, Hetererythrinus (subgenus of Erythrinus) Günther [A.], 1864:283, 284] Notes: [ref. 3990]. Masc. Synodus erythrinus Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Type by subsequent designation. Appeared without species, earliest addition of species not researched; type possibly designated first by Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:105 [ref. 12497], but the type of Erythrinus of authors was first designated by Bory de Saint-Vincent, v. 6, 1824:293 [ref. 3853] and may suffice (see Whitley 1935:137 [ref. 6396]). Misspelled Eritrinus by Jordan 1917:72 [ref. 2407]. •Valid as Erythrinus Scopoli, 1777 -- (Géry 1977:103 [ref. 1597], Britski et al. 1999:84 [ref. 24147], Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:238 [ref. 27061], Blanco et al. 2010:361 [ref. 30964], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685], Mattox et al. 2014:343 [ref. 33381]). Current status: Valid as Erythrinus Scopoli, 1777. Erythrinidae. (Erythrichthys) [ref. 4978]. Masc. Synodus erythrinus Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Appeared as "Erythrichthys, Nob. (Erythrinus, Gr.). " Unneeded replacement for Erythrinus Scopoli (ex Gronow), 1777. •Objective synonym of Erythrinus Scopoli, 1777 -- (Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:238 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Erythrinus Scopoli, 1777. Erythrinidae. (Erythrinus) [ref. 1910]. Masc. Not available, published in a rejected work on Official Index (Opinion 261). •In the synonymy of Erythrinus Scopoli, 1777 -- (Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:238 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Erythrinus Scopoli, 1777. Erythrinidae. (Hetererythrinus) [ref. 1974]. Masc. Erythrinus salmoneus Gronow, in Gray, 1854. Type by subsequent designation. Described in key (p. 283) with 3 corresponding species on pp. 284-285. Type by subsequent designation of Jordan 1919:332 [ref. 4904]. •Synonym of Erythrinus Scopoli, 1777 – (Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:238 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Erythrinus Scopoli, 1777. Erythrinidae.

Species Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - erythrinus trahira (author) [=Synodus erythrinus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:397, Erythrinus brevicauda Günther [A.], 1864:285, Erythrinus longipinnis Günther [A.], 1864:285, Erythrinus salmoneus Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:170] Notes: [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Suriname and Europe. Current status: Valid as Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Erythrinidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins and coastal rivers of northern South America: Argentina, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (brevicauda) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. (longipinnis) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Essequibo River, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. (salmoneus) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Erythrinus kessleri Steindachner, 1877 - Kessler's trahira (author) [=Erythrinus kessleri Steindachner [F.], 1877:596 [38]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4224] Bahia, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Erythrinus kessleri Steindachner, 1877. Erythrinidae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Hoplerythrinus Gill, 1896 - trahiras [=Hoplerythrinus Gill [T. N.], 1896:208, Ophiocephalops (subgenus of Erythrinus) Fowler [H. W.], 1906:293, Pseuderythrinus Hoedeman [J. J.], 1950:80] Notes: [ref. 1739]. Masc. Erythrinus unitaeniatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Hoplerythrinus Gill, 1896 -- (Géry 1977:103 [ref. 1597], Géry et al. 1987 [ref. 6001], Taphorn 1992:443 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:84 [ref. 24147], Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:238 [ref. 27061], Blanco et al. 2010:361 [ref. 30964], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685], Mattox et al. 2014:343 [ref. 33381]). Current status: Valid as Hoplerythrinus Gill, 1896. Erythrinidae. (Ophiocephalops) [ref. 1373]. Masc. Erythrinus unitaeniatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Objective synonym of Hoplerythrinus Gill, 1896 -- (Taphorn 1992:443 [ref. 23654], Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:238 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Hoplerythrinus Gill, 1896. Erythrinidae. (Pseuderythrinus) [ref. 2176]. Masc. Pseuderythrinus rosapinnis Hoedeman, 1950. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Hoplerythrinus Gill, 1896 -- (de Jongh 1997:57 [ref. 20894], Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:238 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Hoplerythrinus Gill, 1896. Erythrinidae.

Species Hoplerythrinus cinereus (Gill, 1858) - Trinidad trahira (author) [=Erythrinus cinereus Gill [T. N.], 1858:413 [53]] Notes: [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 6 (nos 10-13); ref. 1750] Trinidad Island, West Indies. Current status: Valid as Hoplerythrinus cinereus (Gill, 1858). Erythrinidae. Distribution: Trinidad and Tobago Island. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hoplerythrinus gronovii (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847) - Cayenne trahira (author) [=Erythrinus gronovii Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:500] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Cayenne, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Hoplerythrinus gronovii (Valenciennes, 1847). Erythrinidae. Distribution: French Guiana (?). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) - aimara [=Erythrinus unitaeniatus Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:42, Pl. 19, Erythrinus balteatus Günther [A.], 1864:284, Pseuderythrinus rosapinnis Hoedeman [J. J.], 1950:82, Fig., Erythrinus salvus Agassiz [L.], in Spix & Agassiz, 1829:41, Erythrinus vittatus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:499, Pl. 585 [not 551]] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Erythrinidae. Distribution: Amazon, Paraná, Orinoco, São Francisco, and Magdalena River basins and coastal rivers of northern South America and Panama: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (balteatus) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Current status: Synonym of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Erythrinidae. (rosapinnis) [Amsterdam Naturalist (Bulletin Zoologisch Museum van Amsterdam) v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 2176] Near Paramaribo, Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. (salvus) [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. (vittatus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Brazil; Cayenne; Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Hoplias Gill, 1903 - trahiras [=Hoplias Gill [T. N.], 1903:1016, Macrodon Müller [J.], 1843:316] Notes: [ref. 1786]. Masc. Esox malabaricus Bloch, 1794. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Macrodon Müller, 1842, preoccupied by Macrodon Schinz, 1822 in fishes. •Valid as Hoplias Gill, 1903 -- (Géry 1977:102 [ref. 1597], Malabarba 1989:127 [ref. 14217], Taphorn 1992:447 [ref. 23654] Britski et al. 1999:83 [ref. 24147], Géry & Zarske 2002:43 [ref. 26555], Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:239 [ref. 27061], Mattox et al. 2006:517 [ref. 28800], Oyakawa & Mattox 2009:117 [ref. 30225], Blanco et al. 2010:361 [ref. 30964], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685], Mattox et al. 2014:343 [ref. 33381]). Current status: Valid as Hoplias Gill, 1903. Erythrinidae. (Macrodon) [ref. 3063]. Masc. Esox malabaricus Bloch, 1794. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:102 [ref. 12497] as trahira Spix (not an included species but placed in synonymy of malabaricus). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Macrodon Schinz, 1822 in fishes, replaced by Hoplias Gill, 1903. •Synonym of Hoplias Gill, 1903 -- (Taphorn 1992:447 [ref. 23654], Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:239 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Hoplias Gill, 1903. Erythrinidae.

Species Hoplias aimara (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847) - aimara [=Macrodon aimara Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:523, Pl. 586 [not 552], Macrodon malabaricus var. macrophthalma Pellegrin [J.], 1907:26] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Cayenne, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Hoplias aimara (Valenciennes, 1847). Erythrinidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America. Habitat: freshwater. (macrophthalma) [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 13 (no. 1); ref. 15163] Cayenne, French Guiana. Current status: Synonym of Hoplias aimara (Valenciennes, 1847). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hoplias australis Oyakawa & Mattox, 2009 - Uruguay trahira (author) [=Hoplias australis Oyakawa [O. T.] & Mattox [G. M. T.], 2009:119, Fig. 2] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 30225] Rio das Antas, rio do Ouro drainage, on Formosa do Sul-Irati road, Formosa do Sul, 26°38'55"S, 52°48'05"W, Uruguay River basin, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hoplias australis Oyakawa & Mattox, 2009. Erythrinidae. Distribution: Uruguay River basin: Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hoplias brasiliensis (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) - Peruaguacu trahira (author) [=Erythrinus brasiliensis Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:45, Pl. 20] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Rio Peruaguaçu near Iaçu, Bahia State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hoplias brasiliensis (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Erythrinidae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hoplias curupira Oyakawa & Mattox, 2009 - Itacaiuas trahira (author) [=Hoplias curupira Oyakawa [O. T.] & Mattox [G. M. T.], 2009:125, Fig. 5] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 30225] Rio Itacaiúas, Caldeirão, Serra dos Carajás, 5°45'S, 50°30'W, Tocantins basin, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hoplias curupira Oyakawa & Mattox, 2009. Erythrinidae. Distribution: Rivers of Amazon basin: Brazil, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hoplias intermedius (Gunther, 1864) - Cipo trahira (author) [=Macrodon intermedius Günther [A.], 1864:282 Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Cipó, São Francisco River basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hoplias intermedius (Günther, 1864). Erythrinidae. Distribution: São Francisco and Paraná river basinsand tributaries of rio Doce: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hoplias lacerdae Miranda Ribeiro, 1908 - Iporanga trahira (author) [=Hoplias lacerdae Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1908:[3], Fig.] Notes: [Kosmos, Rio de Janeiro [Rev. Art. Sci. Litt.] v. 5 (no. 2) (for 1907); ref. 3715] Iporanga, Rio Ribeira de Iguape, São Paulo State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hoplias lacerdae Miranda Ribeiro, 1908. Erythrinidae. Distribution: Ribeira de Iguapé River basin: Brazil and Uruguay River basin, Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hoplias malabaricus Bloch, 1794 - Iporanga trahira [=Esox malabaricus Bloch [M. E.], 1794:149, Pl. 392, Macrodon ferox Gill [T. N.], 1858:411 [51], Erythrinus macrodon Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:43, Pl. 18, Synodus palustris Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:398, Esox tararira Larrañaga [D. A.], 1923:378, 388, Macrodon tareira Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:508, Synodus tareira Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:398, Pl. 79, Erythrinus trahira Agassiz [L.], in Spix & Agassiz, 1829:44, Pl. 18] Notes: [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 8; ref. 463] South America, probably Suriname (not "Tranquebar"). Current status: Valid as Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Erythrinidae. Distribution: Costa Rica to Argentina in most river systems: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (ferox) [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 6 (nos 10-13); ref. 1750] Trinidad Island, West Indies. Current status: Synonym of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. (macrodon) [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Lake Almada, province of Bahia, and Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. (palustris) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Rivers of Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. (tararira) [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. Current status: Synonym of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. (tareira) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Brazil and French Guiana. Current status: Synonym of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. (tareira) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Rivers of Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. (trahira) [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Lake Almada, province of Bahia, and Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hoplias mbigua Azpelicueta et al., 2015 - Misiones trahira (author) [=Hoplias mbigua Azpelicueta [M. de las M.], Benítez [M. F.], Aichino [D. R.], & Mendez [C. M. D.], 2015:73, Figs. 1, 2, 4A, 5, 6A, 7A] Notes: [Acta Zoológica Lilloana 59 (no. 1-2); ref. 34030] Provincia de Misiones, río Paraná in Nemesio Parma, Argentina, 27°21'23.04"S, 56°1'1.92"W. Current status: Valid as Hoplias mbigua Azpelicueta, Benítez, Aichino & Mendez, 2015. Erythrinidae. Distribution: Paraná River, Argentina and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hoplias microcephalus (Agassiz, in Spix & Agassiz, 1829) - Sao Francisco trahira (author) [=Erythrinus microcephalus Agassiz [L.], in Spix & Agassiz, 1829:44] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hoplias microcephalus (Agassiz, 1829). Erythrinidae. Distribution: São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hoplias microlepis (Günther, 1864) - microlepis trahira (author) [=Macrodon microlepis Günther [A.], 1864:282] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Western Ecuador and Guatemala (erroneous, is Rio Chagres, Panama). Current status: Valid as Hoplias microlepis (Günther, 1864). Erythrinidae. Distribution: Western slopes from Ecuador to Panama: Colombia, Ecuador and Panama. Habitat: freshwater. Species Hoplias misionera Rosso et al., 2016 - Acaragua River trahira (author) [=Hoplias misionera Rosso [J. J.], Mabragaña [E.], González-Castro [M.], Delpiani [M. S.], Avigliano [E.], Schenone [N.] & Díaz de Astarloa [J. M.], 2016:200, Figs. 1, 2C, 3A, B, C (bottoms) Notes: [Cybium v. 40 (no. 3); ref. 34785] Misiones, stream tributary to Acaraguá River, Uruguay River basin, Villa Bonita, Municipio de Campo Ramón, Oberá, Argentina, 27°27'44.63"S, 54°57'5.58"W. Current status: Valid as Hoplias misionera Rosso, Mabragaña, González-Castro, Delpiani, Avigliano, Schenone et al., 2016. Erythrinidae. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hoplias patana (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847) - patana trahira (author) [=Macrodon patana Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:522] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Cayenne, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Hoplias patana (Valenciennes, 1847). Erythrinidae. Distribution: French Guiana (?). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hoplias teres (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847) - Maracaibo trahira (author) [=Macrodon teres Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:521] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Hoplias teres (Valenciennes, 1847). Erythrinidae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater ************************************************************************* Unavailable names, uncertain taxa cephalus, Erythrinus Meuschen [F. C.] 1778:35 [Museum Gronovianum; ref. 17682] Original not seen. Not available, published in a rejected work (Opinion 260). •Species inquirenda in family Erythrinidae -- (Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:240 [ref. 27061]). Erythrinidae. guavina, Erythrinus Humboldt [F. H. A. von] in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821:179, Pl. 48 (fig. 1) [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Lake Valencia, Venezuela. No types known. •Synonym of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch 1794) -- (Taphorn 1992:450 [ref. 23654], Nico 2001:148 [ref. 25828] with question). •Mention -- (Machado-Allison et al. 2000:70 [ref. 26045]). •Species inquirenda in family Erythrinidae -- (Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:240 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Uncertain as Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch 1794). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. palustris, Erythrinus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:502 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] No locality. No types known. •Species inquirenda in family Erythrinidae -- (Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:240 [ref. 27061]). Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. polygrammos, Erythrinus Plumier [C.] in Lacepède 1802:347 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] Carolinas, U.S.A. Regarded as name only, not available. auritus, Macrodon Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:519 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Montevideo, Uruguay. No types known. •Synonym of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch 1794) -- (Taphorn 1992:451 [ref. 23654]). •Species inquirenda in genus Hoplias -- (Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:240 [ref. 27061]). •Nomen dubium -- (Oyakawa & Mattox 2009:122 [ref. 30225]). Current status: Unknown. Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater. microphthalmus, Hoplias malabaricus Pellegrin [J.] in Eigenmann 1910:448 [Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of tropical and south temperate America v. 3 (pt 4); ref. 1224] Not available, name and locality but no description; supposedly a Pellegrin species, but no reference cited; from French Guiana. •In the synonymy of Hoplias macrophthalmus (Pellegrin 1910) -- (Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:239 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Unknown. Erythrinidae. Habitat: freshwater.