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Diversidade De Vespas Sociais (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae) E Suas Interações Com Aves Em Diferentes Fitofisionomias Numa Região Do Pantanal Norte

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Diversidade De Vespas Sociais (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae) E Suas Interações Com Aves Em Diferentes Fitofisionomias Numa Região Do Pantanal Norte GOVERNO DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO SECRETARIA DE ESTADO DE CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E CONSERVAÇÃO SARA MIRANDA ALMEIDA DIVERSIDADE DE VESPAS SOCIAIS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE; POLISTINAE) E SUAS INTERAÇÕES COM AVES EM DIFERENTES FITOFISIONOMIAS NUMA REGIÃO DO PANTANAL NORTE NOVA XAVANTINA MATO GROSSO – BRASIL 2013 SARA MIRANDA ALMEIDA DIVERSIDADE DE VESPAS SOCIAIS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE; POLISTINAE) E SUAS INTERAÇÕES COM AVES EM DIFERENTES FITOFISIONOMIAS NUMA REGIÃO DO PANTANAL NORTE Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de mestre em Ecologia e Conservação pela Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso. Orientador: Evandson José dos Anjos Silva NOVA XAVANTINA MATO GROSSO – BRASIL 2013 iii 595.798 A447d Almeida, Sara Miranda Diversidade de vespas sociais (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) e suas interações com aves em diferentes fitofisionomias numa região do Pantanal Norte./ Sara Miranda Almeida. Nova Xavantina: 2013. 108 p.: 30 cm. Orientador: Evandson José dos Anjos Silva. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso, pós- graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Nova Xavantina, 2013. 1. Nidificação – Sucesso reprodutivo. 2. Hymenoptera sociais – Aves. 3. Interações ecológicas – Pantanal matogrossense. 4. Vespas – Predadores. I. Título. Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela bibliotecária Nilva Pereira Silva, CRB – 860, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Centro Universitário do Araguaia, Campus Pontal do Araguaia. iv DIVERSIDADE DE VESPAS SOCIAIS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE; POLISTINAE) E SUAS INTERAÇÕES COM AVES EM DIFERENTES FITOFISIONOMIAS NUMA REGIÃO DO PANTANAL NORTE Sara Miranda Almeida Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de mestre em Ecologia e Conservação pela Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso. Nova Xavantina, 08 de abril de 2013 Banca examinadora: Prof. Dr. Evandson José dos Anjos Silva Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT Presidente / Orientador Prof. Dra. Christine Strüssmann Departamento de Ciências Básicas e Produção Animal - FAMEV Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT Membro Titular Prof. Dr. João Batista de Pinho Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia- IB Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT Membro Titular Prof. Dr. Dalci Maurício Miranda de Oliveira Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia- IB Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT Membro Suplente v ―O êxito da vida não se mede pelo caminho que você conquistou, mas sim pelas dificuldades que superou no caminho.‖ Abraham Lincoln vi Ao meu pai, Sebastião, e aos meus irmãos Antônio Carlos, Sandra, José Aparecido e José Carlos, meus exemplos de vida e de superação. Este trabalho também é de vocês! “DEDICO” vii AGRADECIMENTOS Ao meu pai, Sebastião, e aos meus irmãos Antônio, Sandra, José Almeida e José Carlos. Não tenho nem palavras pra agradecer tamanho incentivo, amor e amparo empenhados em prol dos meus estudos. À FAPEMAT, pelo apoio financeiro (Proc. 737955/2008; 285060/2010), e à CAPES, pela concessão da bolsa de estudo. À UNEMAT, pela oportunidade de cursar o mestrado, e aos professores do PPG Ecologia e Conservação, pelos ensinamentos e contribuição nesta minha fase do conhecimento, especialmente ao Eddie Lenza e ao Leandro Juen. Sou imensamente grata ao professor Evandson, pela orientação desse trabalho, compreensão, paciência e grande esforço para realização do mesmo, pois muitas vezes abdicou de outras atividades profissionais para me orientar, contribuindo para o meu crescimento profissional. Ao professor Sérgio Ricardo Andena, pela indispensável contribuição no trabalho com as vespas, e aos membros da banca de qualificação, professores Thiago Izzo e Soraia Diniz, pelas valiosas sugestões. Aos membros da banca de defesa, professores Christine Strüssmann e João Batista de Pinho, pelo aceite em participar da avaliação e pelas valiosas sugestões. À amiga e ornitóloga Shayana de Jesus, pelas sugestões na primeira versão do manuscrito e pelas dicas, e à Luane Santos, pelas bibliografias enviadas. Ao grande amigo e ornitólogo Mahal Massavi, por me fazer conhecer e melhorar cada dia o conhecimento sobre as aves, e pela contribuição na logística de campo. À Francieli, Ester, Olinda, Jaqueline, Romário e Kamila, pela ajuda indispensável nas coletas e agradável companhia. Ao Alino ―Iá‖, Chuta, Rosa, Nézinho, Nino e Lú por, permitirem a realização da pesquisa em sua propriedade, pelas boas risadas, companhias e conversas. Aos amigos que fiz durante o mestrado, pelas conversas, discussões, companhia e troca de conhecimentos, especialmente Adriana Mohr, José Max, Lucirene Rodrigues e Keila Nunes. A todos que, direta ou indiretamente, contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho. MUITO OBRIGADA! viii SUMÁRIO RESUMO..........................................................................................................................x ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................xi LISTA DE TABELAS .................................................................................................. xii LISTA DE FIGURAS .................................................................................................. xiii INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ............................................................................................... 1 REFERÊNCIAS ............................................................................................................. 2 FORMATAÇÃO ............................................................................................................. 5 ARTIGO 1 - NIDIFICAÇÃO DE VESPAS SOCIAIS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE; POLISTINAE) EM QUATRO FITOFISIONOMIAS NUMA ÁREA NO PANTANAL NORTE, BRASIL ............................................................................. 6 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 8 RESUMO ......................................................................................................................... 9 INTRODUÇÃO .............................................................................................................. 10 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ............................................................................................ 11 RESULTADOS .............................................................................................................. 16 DISCUSSÃO...................................................................................................................22 AGRADECIMENTOS ................................................................................................... 25 REFERÊNCIAS ............................................................................................................. 25 ARTIGO 2 - INTERAÇÕES ENTRE AVES E VESPAS SOCIAIS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE; POLISTINAE) NUMA REGIÃO DO PANTANAL NORTE ................................................................................................... 30 ABSTRACT. .................................................................................................................. 32 RESUMO. ...................................................................................................................... 33 INTRODUÇÃO .............................................................................................................. 34 MÉTODOS......................................................................................................................35 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ................................................................................... 37 Estação reprodutiva....................................................................................................37 Sucesso reprodutivo e perdas de ninhadas.................................................................39 Associação da nidificação entre aves e vespas sociais...............................................45 Predação de ninhos de vespas Polistini (Vespidae: Polistinae) por aves...................49 AGRADECIMENTOS....................................................................................................51 REFERÊNCIAS ............................................................................................................. 52 ix ARTIGO 3 - USO DE EXÚVIAS DA JARACUÇU-DO-BREJO Hydrodynastes gigas (SERPENTES: DIPSADIDAE) NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE NINHOS E OUTROS ASPECTOS REPRODUTIVOS DO CAPIVAREIRO Donacobius atricapilla (PASSERIFORMES: DONACOBIIDAE) NO PANTANAL NORTE, BRASIL ......................................................................................................................... 59 ABSTRACT. .................................................................................................................. 61 RESUMO.........................................................................................................................62 INTRODUÇÃO...............................................................................................................63 MÉTODOS......................................................................................................................64 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO.....................................................................................66 AGRADECIMENTOS ................................................................................................... 69 REFERÊNCIAS ............................................................................................................
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