DOCSLIB.ORG

Quality of Life at Contingency Bases: Managing Sustainment Community Support Requirements

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Quality of Life at Contingency Bases: Managing Sustainment Community Support Requirements C O R P O R A T I O N Quality of Life at Contingency Bases Managing Sustainment Community Support Requirements John E. Peters, Elvira N. Loredo, Mary E. Chenoweth, Jeff Broughton, Andrea A. Golay For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1298 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0186-1 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2018 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report documents research and analysis conducted as part of a project entitled Developing Policies for Supportable Quality-of-Life Programs at Contingency Bases, sponsored by the Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army for Logistics. The purpose of the project was to characterize the demand and to identify options for managing quality-of-life goods and services delivered for the benefit of deployed forces operating from base camps and that can produce significant demand for resources, including fuel, support personnel, trucks, and other distribution assets. The Project Unique Identification Code (PUIC) for the project that produced this docu- ment is HQD146658. This research was conducted within RAND Arroyo Center’s Forces and Logistics Pro- gram. RAND Arroyo Center, part of the RAND Corporation, is a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) sponsored by the United States Army. RAND operates under a “Federal-Wide Assurance” (FWA00003425) and complies with the Code of Federal Regulations for the Protection of Human Subjects Under United States Law (45 CFR 46), also known as “the Common Rule,” as well as with the implementation guidance set forth in DoD Instruction 3216.02. As applicable, this compliance includes reviews and approvals by RAND’s Institutional Review Board (the Human Subjects Protection Commit- tee) and by the U.S. Army. The views of sources utilized in this study are solely their own and do not represent the official policy or position of DoD or the U.S. Government. iii Contents Preface ........................................................................................................... iii Figures ...........................................................................................................vii Tables ............................................................................................................ ix Summary ........................................................................................................ xi Acknowledgments ............................................................................................ xix Abbreviations .................................................................................................. xxi CHAPTER ONE Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Organization of This Research ................................................................................. 1 Categorization of Base-Camp Quality-of-Life Resources and Practices ................................... 2 Organization of This Report .................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER TWO What Is Quality of Life? ....................................................................................... 5 Soldier Preference and Value of Quality-of-Life Features on Contingency Bases ........................ 6 Defining and Prioritizing Quality of Life for Contingency Basing ........................................ 8 What Requirements Does Quality of Life Produce for the Sustainment Community? ................. 9 CHAPTER THREE Opportunities for Improvement ............................................................................17 Benefits to Effective Contingency Base Management ......................................................17 Policies Versus Standards .......................................................................................18 Command, Control, and Administration ....................................................................18 Improvements, by Commodity Area ........................................................................ 20 Relative Investment, by Phase of Operations ............................................................... 24 Savings Associated with Soldier Preferences ................................................................ 26 CHAPTER FOUR Recommendations to Improve the Efficiency of Quality-of-Life Support ......................... 27 Recommendations ............................................................................................. 27 Looking Forward: Quality of Life in the Future Expeditionary Army .................................. 30 APPENDIXES A. Base-Camp Case Studies from Southern Afghanistan ............................................33 B. What Crowdsourcing Reveals About Quality-of-Life Demands at Contingency Bases .....53 v vi Quality of Life at Contingency Bases: Managing Sustainment Community Support Requirements C. Restorative Effects of Quality-of-Life Goods and Services .......................................65 D. Shelter Options ............................................................................................93 References ...................................................................................................... 99 Figures 2.1. U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center Preliminary Soldier Quality-of-Life Survey Results ............................................ 7 2.2. Joint Operation Phases Versus Levels of Military Effort ......................................10 2.3. Second-Destination Transportation Transactions from August 2010 .......................12 2.4. Power-Generation Requirements, by Facility Type on Spin Boldak, July 2012 to February 2013 ......................................................................................13 3.1. Retail Meals and Additional Water Demand ..................................................21 A.1. Case-Study Contingency Bases in Southern Afghanistan ................................... 34 A.2. Contingency Base Sizes in Afghanistan .........................................................35 A.3. Base-Supported Populations for the Four Case-Study Afghanistan Bases ................. 36 A.4. Proportion of Buildings, by Quality-of-Life Support Type ...................................37 A.5. Proportion of Facilities, by Quality-of-Life Category for June 2012 ........................39 A.6. Central Asia Ground Lines of Communication for Fuel to Afghanistan .................. 42 A.7. Supply of U.S. Central Command Petroleum to Afghanistan from Refineries in Neighboring Countries .......................................................................... 43 A.8. Percentage of South Afghanistan Contingency Base Quality-of-Life Facilities and Space That Match Cost-Estimator Quality-of-Life Facilities .................................45 A.9. Spin Boldak Facility Types and Base-Supported Population Between May 2012 and February 2013 ..................................................................................... 46 A.10. Spin Boldak Megawatt-Hours per Month and Base-Supported Population Between July 2012 and March 2014 .......................................................................47 A.11. Spin Boldak Power-Generation Trends for Select Quality of Life–Related Building Space, July 2012 to March 2014 ................................................................ 48 A.12. Generator Capacities, All Sites in Southern Afghanistan and Spin Boldak, February 2013 ..................................................................................... 50 A.13. Makes of Generators at All Sites in Southern Afghanistan and Spin Boldak in February 2013 ..................................................................................... 50 A.14. Average Monthly Fuel Used, by Activity, for Four Bases, June 2011 to May 2014 ........51 B.1. Respondent Deployment History ................................................................55 B.2. Quality of Life and Base-Camp Standards .....................................................62 B.3. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Quality of Life .............................................63 D.1. TEMPER Tent .....................................................................................93 D.2. Barrack Huts .....................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Warfare in a Fragile World: Military Impact on the Human Environment
    Recent Slprt•• books World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook 1979 World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbooks 1968-1979, Cumulative Index Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation Other related •• 8lprt books Ecological Consequences of the Second Ihdochina War Weapons of Mass Destruction and the Environment Publish~d on behalf of SIPRI by Taylor & Francis Ltd 10-14 Macklin Street London WC2B 5NF Distributed in the USA by Crane, Russak & Company Inc 3 East 44th Street New York NY 10017 USA and in Scandinavia by Almqvist & WikseH International PO Box 62 S-101 20 Stockholm Sweden For a complete list of SIPRI publications write to SIPRI Sveavagen 166 , S-113 46 Stockholm Sweden Stoekholol International Peace Research Institute Warfare in a Fragile World Military Impact onthe Human Environment Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIPRI is an independent institute for research into problems of peace and conflict, especially those of disarmament and arms regulation. It was established in 1966 to commemorate Sweden's 150 years of unbroken peace. The Institute is financed by the Swedish Parliament. The staff, the Governing Board and the Scientific Council are international. As a consultative body, the Scientific Council is not responsible for the views expressed in the publications of the Institute. Governing Board Dr Rolf Bjornerstedt, Chairman (Sweden) Professor Robert Neild, Vice-Chairman (United Kingdom) Mr Tim Greve (Norway) Academician Ivan M£ilek (Czechoslovakia) Professor Leo Mates (Yugoslavia) Professor
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Military Presence in the Horn of Africa Region
    SIPRI Background Paper April 2019 THE FOREIGN MILITARY SUMMARY w The Horn of Africa is PRESENCE IN THE HORN OF undergoing far-reaching changes in its external security AFRICA REGION environment. A wide variety of international security actors— from Europe, the United States, neil melvin the Middle East, the Gulf, and Asia—are currently operating I. Introduction in the region. As a result, the Horn of Africa has experienced The Horn of Africa region has experienced a substantial increase in the a proliferation of foreign number and size of foreign military deployments since 2001, especially in the military bases and a build-up of 1 past decade (see annexes 1 and 2 for an overview). A wide range of regional naval forces. The external and international security actors are currently operating in the Horn and the militarization of the Horn poses foreign military installations include land-based facilities (e.g. bases, ports, major questions for the future airstrips, training camps, semi-permanent facilities and logistics hubs) and security and stability of the naval forces on permanent or regular deployment.2 The most visible aspect region. of this presence is the proliferation of military facilities in littoral areas along This SIPRI Background the Red Sea and the Horn of Africa.3 However, there has also been a build-up Paper is the first of three papers of naval forces, notably around the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, at the entrance to devoted to the new external the Red Sea and in the Gulf of Aden. security politics of the Horn of This SIPRI Background Paper maps the foreign military presence in the Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological Investigations on the Earthwork in Castle Close, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, 2013
    . Archaeological investigations on the earthwork in Castle Close, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, 2013 Carenza Lewis and Alex Pryor with contributions from June Barnes Archaeological investigations on the earthwork in Castle Close, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, 2013 Carenza Lewis and Alexander Pryor with contributions from June Barnes Access Cambridge Archaeology McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3ER 01223 761518 [email protected] www.access.arch.cam.ac.uk Front cover image: 2m x 2m trench at Castle Close, Sharnbrook under excavation in 2013 Contents 1. SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 1 2. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 2 2.1 ALL OUR STORIES ................................................................................................ 2 2.2 CAMBRIDGE COMMUNITY HERITAGE ...................................................................... 3 2.3 ACCESS CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGY .................................................................... 3 3. AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND DESIRED OUTCOMES .................................................. 4 3.1 AIMS ................................................................................................................... 4 3.2 OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................ 4 3.3 DESIRED OUTCOMES ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Boonesborough State Park – Historic Pocket Brochure Text
    Fort Boonesborough State Park – Historic Pocket Brochure Text Outpost on the Wilderness Road Boonesborough is associated with Kentucky’s known frontiersmen—Daniel Boone, Simon Kenton, Richard Callaway, John Holder, Richard Henderson and Nathaniel Hart Long before their arrival to this site. Migratory animals used the gap and ford at the head of the Kentucky River palisades to cross the river. Native Americans occupied the site of Boonesborough for centuries and used the migratory animal trails as a trade route to the north and south of the Kentucky River. After establishment in 1775 Boonesborough continued to serve as a gathering place for eastern settlers who ventured to the English colonial frontier through the Cumberland Gap on the Wilderness Road. The poorly built stockade withstood several Indian attacks and was a bastion of Euro-American civilization on the colonial frontier and thus became of utmost importance to American history. Boonesborough’s beginnings were inauspicious, developing while the American Revolution was taking place in the Eastern Seaboard colonies. However, one of the most important American victories of the Revolution in the western campaign took place at this site in 1778. Although it was occupied as a settlement and existed as a town only until 1820, Boonesborough played a significant part in Kentucky’s history. A Legend Begins Perhaps no one figure has become more prominent to the American frontier experience than Daniel Boone. Through his own efforts and those of later writers, he is commonly regarded as the prototype of the American frontiersman. Nearly 70 of his 86 years were involved with the exploration and development of the trans-Appalachian frontier.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort St. Jean Baptiste State Historic Site Fort St
    Fort St. Jean Baptiste State Historic Site Fort St. Jean Baptiste Information 1. Our colonial wood working shop, cabin, and fort are outdoor museums. Please do not touch items on display or rearrange furniture. 2. Be sure to "Like us" |_J on Facebook and tag us in your photos. 3. Don't miss out! Be sure to click pictures throughout this guide book to see special features like videos and pictures. 4. If you have any questions throughout your visit, please ask any of our park staff. OUTPOST ON THE EDGE OF AN EMPIRE Natchitoches was founded by French Canadian Louis Antoine Juchereau de St. Denis in 1714 while he was en route to Mexico from Mobile, Alabama, on a trade mission. When he reached the village of the Natchitoches Indians on the Red River, he constructed two huts within the village and left a small detachment there to guard the stores and trade with the inhabitants. This became the first permanent European settlement in the territory later known as the Louisiana Purchase. In 1716, Sieur Charles Claude Dutisne was sent to Natchitoches with a small company of colonial troops to build and garrison an outpost that would prevent the Spanish forces in the province of Texas from advancing across the border of French Louisiana. This strategic outpost was named Fort St. Jean Baptiste des Natchitoches. Economically, Natchitoches evolved into a primary French trade center in the Lower Mississippi Valley. Native American tribes of the three Caddo Confederacies played a vital role in establishing trade and communication links among the French, Spanish, and the Native Americans of the Region.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Military Posts on the Mexico Border (1856 to Present)
    Interpretive Themes and Related Resources 139 UNITED STATES MILITARY POSTS ON THE MEXICO BORDER (1856 TO PRESENT) Summary of Theme The operations and posts of the United States military are an important part of the history of the Santa Cruz Valley. The first United States Army post was established here in 1856, soon after the region was purchased from Mexico. The first duty was to protect mines and ranches from Apache attacks, which escalated just before troops were withdrawn at the beginning of the Civil War to be redeployed in the East. For a few months in 1862, the Confederate flag flew over the region, until Union troops arrived from California and recaptured it following the westernmost skirmishes of the Civil War. In 1865, United States troops were moved closer to the border to defend it against French troops that had invaded Mexico and occupied Sonora. Between 1866 and 1886, several new posts were established, and this region was the frontline of major campaigns to pacify the Apaches. A new post was established in Nogales in 1910, when the Mexican Revolution threatened to spill across the border. In 1916, this region was a staging area for the Punitive Expedition led by General John J. Pershing; it crossed into Mexico in pursuit of Pancho Villa after he attacked a town in southern New Mexico. Until the beginning of United States involvement in World War I, the military presence was swelled by National Guard units mobilized from western states to protect the border. From 1918 until 1933, the border was guarded by African-American cavalry and infantry regiments known as Buffalo Soldiers.
    [Show full text]
  • Forts on the Minnesota Frontier
    Forts on the Minnesota Frontier The United States Army in the nineteenth century did much more than fight in wars or conduct military campaigns. It also played a major role in the expansion and settlement of the American frontier. Most early exploration was conducted under military authority, such as the 1804-06 expedition of Capt. Meriwether Lewis and Lt. William Clark. Lt. Zebulon Pike selected the site for Fort Snelling while on his way to find the headwaters of the Mississippi in 1805-06 — and in so doing chose the place from which "Minnesota" would emerge. Fort Snelling, and the wilderness military outposts which followed, represented the government on Minnesota's early frontier. The soldiers enforced laws, served as a check on Indians in the area, built roads and, by their very presence, spurred trade and settlement by offering protection for the early traders, missionaries and pioneer farmers. US Army Forts in Minnesota Fort Snelling, established in 1819, stood as a lone sentinel on the frontier for thirty years. Then a series of Indian treaties opened up vast new lands to settlement, creating a need for three more Army posts. Fort Ripley, 1849 - 1877, located on the upper Mississippi below the mouth of the Crow Wing River. It was built in 1848-49 by dragoons and infantrymen from Fort Snelling. When it opened, it replaced Fort Snelling as the northernmost military installation and was originally intended to control the Winnebago Indians who had been removed from Iowa to a nearby reservation. Fort Ridgely, 1853 - 1867, located on the Minnesota River in present-day Nicollet County, above New Ulm.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook on USSR Military Forces, Chapter VI: Fortifications War Department (USA)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln DOD Military Intelligence U.S. Department of Defense 1-1946 Handbook on USSR Military Forces, Chapter VI: Fortifications War Department (USA) Robert L. Bolin , Depositor University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dodmilintel War Department (USA) and Bolin, Robert L. , Depositor, "Handbook on USSR Military Forces, Chapter VI: Fortifications" (1946). DOD Military Intelligence. 27. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dodmilintel/27 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Defense at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in DOD Military Intelligence by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Technical Manual, TM 30-430 Handbook on USSR Military Forces Chapter VI Fortifications Robert L. Bolin, Depositor University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Technical Manual, TM 30-430, Chapter VI 1 January 1946 Handbook on USSR Military Forces Chapter VI Fortifications War Department Washington, DC Comments The copy digitized was borrowed from the Marshall Center Research Library, APO, AE 09053-4502. Abstract TM 30-340, Handbook on USSR Military Forces, was “published in installments to expedite dissemination to the field.” TM30-430, Chapter VI, 1 January 1946, “Fortifications,” is a detailed discussion of earthworks and structures used for defensive purposes. This chapter is illustrated with numerous drawings, diagrams, and charts. This manual is listed in WorldCat under Accession Number: OCLC: 19989681 1 Jan 46 TM 30-430 CHAPTER VI FORTIFICATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Figure Section I.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Forward Operating Bases
    SERDP | Sustainable Forward Operating Bases Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Sustainable Forward Operating Bases May 21, 2010 May 2010 i SERDP | Sustainable Forward Operating Bases Executive Summary Current United States military contingency operations underscore a need for more sustainable forward operating bases (FOBs). FOBs have been vital in supporting the expeditionary and campaign capabilities of the U.S. military, but building and sustaining FOBs have incurred significant costs in terms of both dollars spent and lives lost. This report was prepared for the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and attempts to characterize current FOB design and operations as a first step towards developing more sustainable FOBs (a summary characterization is provided in Appendix A). It is intended as an overview to guide initial discussions and assist SERDP in identifying potential research investments. The scope of this report is limited to a survey of primary FOB sustainability concerns and includes discussion of FOB types, elements of planning and sustainment, force protection, food, water, wastewater, fuel and power, and solid waste. Detailed analyses and research recommendations are reserved for future study. FOBs can vary depending on size, mission, duration, type of unit supported, area of operations, and the availability / sophistication of host‐nation infrastructure. FOBs can range from austere, platoon‐sized bases on the tactical edge to division‐sized enduring bases. The amount of materiel required and rate of waste generated will differ between different FOB types, but the fundamental problems remain the same. By reducing the amount of support materiel needed, designing more sustainable FOBs will have a direct impact on logistics costs, potential casualties, and U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms
    INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation w s s produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand marki!^ or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document phorographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was posable to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting tiiru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin phoroing at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Castillo De San Marcos National Park Service National Monument U.S
    Castillo de San Marcos National Park Service National Monument U.S. Department of the Interior Castillo de San Marcos Florida San Agustin Bastion San Carlos Bastion San Pedro Bastion Plaza de Armas Hours of Operation The park is open every day except Dec. 25 from San Pablo 8:45 a.m. to 4:45 p.m. The main parking lot closes Use this exploded birds- museums highlighting various chapters of Bastion at 5:30 p.m. eye view to help you the fort’s long history. A good place to find your way as you start is the corner rooms next to the well. For a Safe Visit ex plore over 300 years Rest rooms are located under the arched Although the Castillo is over 300 years old, most of Florida history. The stairway leading to the gundeck. After you of the damage to it has resulted not from past layout that Span­­ish finish exploring the rooms below, make battles or sieges but from thousands of people engineer Ignacio Daza your way up the stairs and gaze out upon each year. The fort is constructed of a unique created for the Cas tillo the waters of Matanzas Bay. From this com- sedimentary rock called Coquina, which, despite its obvious strength, is very fragile and suscepti- de San Marcos is simple manding position, a garrison of Spanish ble to wear. • Please do not climb on the walls and straightforward. This fortress is a hol- troops safeguarded St. Augustine during or sit on the stone surfaces. Also do not climb low square with diamond-shaped bastions the turbulent colonial era.
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval Irish Buildings, 1100-1600 Ratty Castle in Co
    Book Reviews: Medieval Irish Buildings 1100-1600 tions of historical materials, thereby enabling them to conduct independent research in a com- petent and thorough manner.’ The author has three aims: to enhance the experience of visit- ing medieval buildings; to highlight the basic tools that are required in order to identify medi- eval buildings; to explain how buildings in a medieval society worked. The author stresses in his introduction one aspect of the book that is particularly relevant to castellologists: that in spite of recent books on Irish castles, he consid- ers that ‘there is a need for new perspectives on some individual buildings and on most castle types, and especially on castle terminology both medieval and modern, so two chapters carry that burden here.’ (p. 16). The first two chapters cover architectural styles and approaches to the study of medieval build- ings, whether ecclesiastical buildings, castles or urban architecture, whilst the third is devoted to ecclesiastical architecture. The value of spatial analysis of buildings has been illustrated on a number, albeit too few, of occasions, from Patrick Faulkner’s seminal paper (1963) on- wards. O’Keeffe builds on Rory Sherlock’s introduction to that impressive building, Bun- Medieval Irish Buildings, 1100-1600 ratty Castle in Co. Clare (2011) to analyse the Author: Tadhg O’Keeffe access arrangements from ground floor to the Publisher: Four Courts Press fourth, as well as the mezzanine level (Fig. 41). Series: Maynooth Research Guides for Irish The final two chapters are those on castles, the Local History no. 18 fourth on the period from the Anglo-Norman Publication date: 2015 invasion through to the Black Death, with the Paperback: 320 pages fifth continuing the story to the plantation era.
    [Show full text]