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A New History of Women's International Human Rights / Edited by Rebecca Adami and Dan Plesch

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A New History of Women's International Human Rights / Edited by Rebecca Adami and Dan Plesch Women and the UN This book provides a critical history of influential women in the United Nations and seeks to inspire empowerment with role models from bygone eras. The women whose voices this book presents helped shape UN conventions, declara- tions, and policies with relevance to the international human rights of women throughout the world today. From the founding of the UN and the Latin American feminist movements that pushed for gender equality in the UN Charter, up until the Security Council Resolu- tions on the role of women in peace and conflict, the volume reflects on how women delegates from different parts of the world have negotiated and disagreed on human rights issues related to gender within the UN throughout time. In doing so it sheds new light on how these hidden historical narratives enrich theoretical studies in international rela- tions and global agency today. In view of contemporary feminist and postmodern critiques of the origin of human rights, uncovering women’s history of the United Nations from both Southern and Western perspectives allows us to consider questions of feminism and agency in international relations afresh. With contributions from leading scholars and practitioners of law, diplomacy, history, and development studies, and brought together by a theoretical commentary by the Edi- tors, Women and the UN will appeal to anyone whose research covers human rights, gen- der equality, international development, or the history of civil society. Rebecca Adami is Associate Professor at the Department of Education, Stockholm Uni- versity and Research Associate at the Centre for International Studies and Diplomacy, SOAS University of London (School of Oriental and African Studies). She specializes in critical human rights theory through counternarratives, and studies on intersectionality, cosmopolitanism and childism. Author of the book Women and the Universal Declara- tion of Human Rights. In 2018 a UN photo exhibit “Women Who Shaped the Universal Declaration” based on the book was exhibited at the United Nations in New York by Sec- retary General António Guterres and first Latin American female President of the General Assembly María Fernanda Espinosa Garcés, now available online. Dan Plesch is Professor of Diplomacy and Strategy at SOAS University of London. His books include, The Beauty Queen's Guide to World Peace, Human Rights After Hitler and America, Hitler and the UN. His research focuses on strategies for preventing global war and emphasises a restorative archeology of knowledge of the effective peacemaking work in the 1940s. Routledge Explorations in Development Studies This Development Studies series features innovative and original research at the regional and global scale. It promotes interdisciplinary scholarly works drawing on a wide spec- trum of subject areas, in particular politics, health, economics, rural and urban studies, sociology, environment, anthropology, and conflict studies. Topics of particular interest are globalization; emerging powers; children and youth; cit- ies; education; media and communication; technology development; and climate change. In terms of theory and method, rather than basing itself on any orthodoxy, the series draws broadly on the tool kit of the social sciences in general, emphasizing comparison, the analysis of the structure and processes, and the application of qualitative and quanti- tative methods. Critical Reflections on Public Private Partnerships Edited by Jasmine Gideon and Elaine Unterhalter Political Participation and Democratic Capability in Authoritarian States Lien Pham and Ance Kaleja The Global Architecture of Multilateral Development Banks A System of Debt or Development? Adrian Robert Bazbauers and Susan Engel Philanthropic Foundations in International Development Rockefeller, Ford, and Gates Patrick Kilby Foreign Aid and Development in South Korea and Africa A Comparative Analysis of Economic Growth Kelechi A. Kalu and Jiyoung Kim Women and the UN A New History of Women’s International Human Rights Edited by Rebecca Adami and Dan Plesch Youth Civic Engagement and Local Peacebuilding in the Middle East and North Africa Prospects and Challenges for Community Development Edited by Ibrahim Natil For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Routledge- Explorations-in-Development-Studies/book-series/REDS Women and the UN A New History of Women’s International Human Rights Edited by Rebecca Adami and Dan Plesch First published 2022 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rebecca Adami and Dan Plesch; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Rebecca Adami and Dan Plesch to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis. com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Adami, Rebecca, editor. | Plesch, Daniel, editor. Title: Women and the UN : a new history of women's international human rights / edited by Rebecca Adami and Dan Plesch. Description: Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021005991 (print) | LCCN 2021005992 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Women's rights--History. | United Nations--History. Classification: LCC HQ1236 .W6375 2021 (print) | LCC HQ1236 (ebook) | DDC 323.3/4--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021005991 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021005992 ISBN: 978-0-367-47823-0 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-04938-0 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-03670-8 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781003036708 Typeset in Times by SPi Global, India This volume is dedicated to Peg Snyder (1929-2021), founding director of the UN Development Fund for Women (today’s UN Women). Contents Contributors ix Introductory note: Learning journey for a feminist: Making women visible, recognizing women’s achievements and demanding power to women xiii TORILD SKARD Preface: Women of the UN: Shifting the Narrative by Revealing Forgotten Voices xviii FATIMA SATOR AND ELISE DIETRICHSON 1 From women’s rights to human rights: The influence of Pan-American feminism on the United Nations 1 KATHERINE M. MARINO 2 The Latin American women: How they shaped the UN Charter and why Southern agency is forgotten 17 ELISE DIETRICHSON AND FATIMA SATOR 3 Excavating hidden histories: Indian women in the early history of the United Nations 39 KHUSHI SINGH RATHORE 4 International welfare feminism: CSW navigating cold war tensions 1949 55 REBECCA ADAMI 5 Universal human rights for women: UN engagement with traditional abuses, 1948–1965 71 ROLAND BURKE viii Contents 6 Feminism, global inequality and the 1975 Mexico city conference 88 AOIFE O’DONOGHUE AND ADAM ROWE 7 Who wrote CEDAW? 104 ELLEN CHESLER 8 Were children’s rights ever a feminist project? 125 LINDE LINDKVIST 9 Creating UNSCR 1325: Women who served as initiators, drafters, and strategists 139 CORNELIA WEISS 10 Commentary: The restorative archeology of knowledge about the role of women in the history of the UN – Theoretical implications for international relations 161 REBECCA ADAMI, DAN PLESCH AND AMITAV ACHARYA Index 169 Contributors Amitav Acharya, Distinguished Professor, American University Amitav Acharya is the UNESCO Chair in Transnational Challenges and Govern- ance and Distinguished Professor at the School of International Service, Ameri- can University, Washington, DC. He is the first non-Western scholar to be elected (for 2014-15) as the President of the International Studies Association (ISA), the largest and most influential global network in international studies. Previously he was a Professor at York University, Toronto, and the Chair in Global Governance at the University of Bristol. Roland Burke, Senior Lecturer, History LaTrobe University Roland Burke is author of Decolonization and the Evolution of International Human Rights (University of Pennsylvania Press). His current research examines the shifting accents of the human rights system, and the constellation of activists, across the 1980s and 1990s (London Review of International Law). Roland has examined memorialization processes around the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Journal of Global History, International History Review, History & Memory), and the gulf between legal lexicons of rights diplomacy, and the power of emotion in rights and humanitarian campaigns (Diplomacy & Statecraft, and Human Rights Quarterly). Ellen Chesler Ellen Chesler is currently Senior Fellow at the Roosevelt Institute and Research Fellow at the Ralph Bunche Institute on International Affairs, City University of New York. She is author of Woman of Valor: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement in America, 1992, 2007; co-editor of Where Human Rights Begin: Health, Sexuality and Women in the New Millennium, 2005;
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