News, Vol. 16, No. 4

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Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Zimbabwe News, Vol. 16, No. 4

Alternative title Zimbabwe News Author/Creator Zimbabwe African National Union Publisher Zimbabwe African National Union (, Zimbabwe) Date 1985-04-00 Resource type Magazines (Periodicals) Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Zimbabwe, South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1985 Source Northwestern University Libraries, L968.91005 Z711 v.14-16 Rights By kind permission of ZANU, the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front. Description Editorial. President Mourns Comrade James Peter Bassoppo-Moyo: A Message of Condolence by the President and First Secretary of ZANU(PF) Comrade R.G. Mugabe. National Cultural Unity in Zimbabwe: Interview with the Deputy Prime Minister and Second Secretary of ZANU (PF)Comrade . ZANU'S Socialist Agro-Production Plan. Focus: Department of Transport and Welfare. Provincial Round Up: Midlands Province. The Destabilization Policy of the Apartheid Regime of South Africa. Nazism, Fascism, Zionism and Apartheid Today. "Together Until Victory God Willing" — PLO Text of Interview with the Palestine Liberation Organisation Chairman Brother Yasser Arafat by Radio Monte Carlo Correspondentin Tunis. Format extent 24 page(s) (length/size)

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Contents Editorial President Mourns Comrade James Peter Bassoppo-Moyo National Cultural Unity in Zimbabwe ZANU'S Socialist Agro-Produclion Plan. Focus Provincial Round Up The Destabilization Policy of the Apartheid Regime of South Africa ...... 1 A Message of Condolence by the President and First Secretary of ZANU(PF) Comrade R.G. Mugabe ...... 2 Interview with the Deputy Prime Minister and Second Secretary of ZANU (PF) Comrade Simon Muzenda ...... 3 ...... 6 Department of Transport and Welfare ...... 9 Midlands Province ...... 11 ...... 13 Nazism, Fascism, Zionism and Apartheid Today ...... 15 "Together Until Victory God Willing" PLO Text of Interview with the Palestine Liberation Organisation Chairman Brother Yasser Arafat by Radio Monte Carlo Correspondent in Tunis ...... 17 Feoe,: Comde (see page 9) "The 18th of April marks the end of colonial settler rule and the beginning of our sovereign independence. It is a time for renewal of commitment and re-dedication to the ideals of our nation and the objectives of our Party, ZANU (PF)." Zimbabwe News is the official News Organ of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU/PF) and is produced on the authority of the Central Committee by the Department of Information and Publicity, Jongwe Printing and Publishing Co., No 14 Austin Road, Workington, Harare. World Copyright, Central Committee (ZANL/PF). Pictures by Jongwe Archives, Herald and Ministry of Information I- Cmmlwm: Comrade S. Muuael (ser q 3) The Lose Caede James Prier 1m114111o: Message of condolence by the Prime Miliser (see page2) Zimbabwe: Forward Ever Backward Never! mommmm

Zimbabwe News Vo1.16 No 4 April 1985 1 Editorial "INDEPENDECE 1985" Our Fifth Independence Anniversary is a solemn occasion when the nation re- examines and evaluates itself in terms of the cardinal policies which its Government enunciated since 1980. The 18th of April marks the end of colonial settler rule and the beginning of our sovereign independence. It is a time for renewal of commitment and re-dedication to the ideals of our nation and the objectives of our Party, ZANU (PF). We should constantly remind ourselves that our independence was won by a long and bitter liberation war in which thousands of lives were lost. It took the collective efforts of all our people - peasants, workers, students and intellectuals - to achieve it. Our nation-should therefore strive. to maintain unity in order to consolidate the gains of our independence and to achieve political goals. Although ZANU (PF) was the leading force in the mobilisation of our people for fighting for independence, we liberated all Zimbabweans irrespective of race, colour or creed, including our former oppressors. With independence, all Zimbabweans have attained self respect and human dignity. All can walk with their heads raised high, without fear of discrimination by other Zimbabweans. The policy of national reconciliation stemming from'our own traditions, as well as our commitment to the UN Charter and Declaration of Human Rights, has protected the offenders during the colonial era, but it has'charted a path for the future harmonious relationships between all the social and cultural groups in our society. This independence is special in that we are five years old. We have consolidated our political power and have established durable political institutions. We have much nobler objectives to accomplish which require of all of us complete resolve and determination to jealously guard our independence. We are now in the process of establishing machinery for the first general elections in an independent Zimbabwe next June. The establishment of machinery for holding periodic and regular general elections; for organising free and fair general elections without recourse to intimidation and violence; and for selecting the best candidates in the- land to represent the broad masses in their constituencies, is extremely important for the future of the nation. It -shows our commitment to democratic principles. However that commitment is being sabotaged by the politically motivated ZIPRA bandits under the guidance of ZAPU and by the racist Pretoria regime with its destabilising activities. These reactionary enemies of Zimbabwe are bent on destroying our independence but they shall' not be allowed to succeed. Our Party ZAN.U (PF) and the people's Government are determined to crush them in order to consolidate our independence and to ensure that what the people have gained will not be lost. The Party is well equiped to handle dissident activities as it emerged stronger after the successful People's Second Congress of August last year. It has now established all political organs at cell.branch.'district, province and Central Committee levels throughout the length and breadth of the country. The Second Congress made our Party's resolve and determination to root out the dissidents much stronger in order to maintain peace. After political independence, the next task is to achieve economic independence and selfsufficiency. The three-year transitional development plan designed to achieve these goals was vitiated by the §evere drought and world economic recession. Our dedication to economic independence still remains: a new fi.ve- year development plan is now being prepared. The cornerstone of our policy will be participation by Government in key industrial and commercial enterprises in the interests of the masses. ZANU (PF) is committed to seeing greater control of our resources by the Government, the Party and the people's cooperatives so that the majority of our people will benefit. The purpose of our independence was not to allow a few black Zimbabweans to walk into the shoes of the white settlers by taking over their houses (complete with swimming pools and boys' kias), farms (complete with compounds of poorly paid and poorly housed labourers), business enterprises (complete with high prices and international linkages). That kind of neo-colonialism is unacceptable to a people who fought so hard and with such fierce -determination for true freedom and independence. The purpose of independence was and is to raise the living standards and improve the social and economic conditions of the broad masses of our people. On that cardinal principle the Party shall never retreat or compromise. The LGeadership Code designed, among other things, to curb neo-colonialist tendencies shall be implementedwith vigour. All patriotic cadres should regard it as their sacred duty to expose all leaders with capitalist tendencies, and to vote them out of any offices they may be holding. With reference to our foreign policy, we Would like to see the completion of the African revolution by the attainment of independence in Namibia and South Africa. In this context we support the liberation movements fighting for freedom in these countries. The dismantling of the monster of apartheid' in South Africa and the attainment of genuine independence in that country is a political imperative for Zimbabwe. Reagan's policy towards South Africa of "constructive engagement" is unacceptable to us because it encourages the Pretoria regime to oppress millions of black South Africans, to destabilize her neighbours and to stubbornly hold on to Namibia. It is precisely because of that policy that the proccess for Namibia's independence has been stalled. However in spite of that policy, the united w.ill of the peoples of South Africa and Namibia will certainly destroy the Pretoria regime. Zimbabwe has taken its place as a young but proud nation in the international community. In the OAU, UN, and Commonwealth, Zimbabwe is an active and popular participant. As a non-aligned country we stand for equalitybetween and among nations, sovereignity, and non interference in the affairs of other genuinely independent states. 'i.,.

Vol.16 No. 4 April 1985 Zim4 President Mourns Comrade James Peter Bassoppo-Moy. Below is full text of a speech made by the First Secretary President of ZANU (PF) Comrade Robert Gabriel Mugabe the funeral of the late Comrade James Peter Bassoppo-Mo. at Driefontein Mission, Mvuma on the 5th of April, 1985. Once again we gather at the grave-side of yet another valiant son of Zimbabwe, Cde. James Peter Bassoppo-Moyo. It is indeed painful for us to witness our freedom fighters passing away, one by one and, I am sad to say, too frequently to leave us any opportunity to rest our heavy hearts. The late Cde. Bassoppo-Moyo was a valiant and consistent fighter for the liberation of Zimbabwe which he served until his untimely death on Tuesday, April 2, 1985. He played a very active part in NDP and ZAPU where he held positions at the branch levels of these political parties. Cde. James Bassoppo- Moyo was one of the more radical and militant comrades who broke away from ZAPU and founded ZANU in 1963. His membership and role in ZANU led him to being detained at Whawha and later at Sikombela. After h~s release from detention, he worked very hard to resist the' 'sell-out" internal settlement deals. It was in this context that Cde. Bassoppo-Moyo, together with Comrades Robert Marere, Nelson Mawema, Nolan Makombe and the Rev. , now our President, formed the People's Movement, an organisation that played a historic role in frustrating the abortive infernal deals between and his African puppets, but especially the treacherous manoeuverings of Bishop . For his role in the People's Movement, he suffered spells of detention at Goromonzi, Kwekwe, Whawha and Sikombela between 1975 and 1979. At the Geneva Conference in 1976, Cde. Bassoppo-Moyo was one of the few comrades from home who boldly rejected Bishop Muzorewa and identified themselves openly with ZANU, thus becoming a member of the ZANU delegation which I led within the Patriotic Front. The leadership outside Zimbabwe had wanted representation from home so we could have an opportunity to get briefed on the political situation at home. In 1979, Cde. Bassoppo-Moyo was also a member of the. ZANU delegation which came to London to work with us during the Lancaster House Conference. Following the successful conclusion of the Lancaster House Constitutional Conference in 1979 and the assumption of legality by ZANU, Cde. Bassoppo- Moyo joined the others to .ampalgn for the victory of ZANU at the General Election f 1980. He was elected to Parliament, as one of the membei s of Parliament for Province. After serving a brief period as Chairman of some Parliamentary Committees, Cde. Bassoppo-Moyo was elected Deputy Speaker of the House of Assembly, on February 5, 1981, replacing Cde. Simbarashe M0umbengegwi whom we had given another assignment. He remained in this position until shortly before his death, following the misfortunes that befell him during 1984. Faithful Servant of the Party yo The Late Comrade Bassoppo-Moyo 1984, Cde. Bassoppo-Moyo played an enduring role in the struggle for independence as a faithful servant of the Party and the people, and continued that role in the challenging period of our first four years of independence. It is this staunch fighter, this dedicated son of Zimbabwe, this staunch member of ZANU and servant of the peple whom we lay to rest today, here at Driefontein. Through a natural illness, but untimely, Cde. James Bassoppo-Moyo died only two weeks before the celebration of our fifh year of national independence. We are deeply saddened to reali that we shall not be with him on April 18 to celebrate the independence which he fought so hard to attain. Yes, it is tragic that he had to pass away. We n his death because we loved him. However, as we re thes loving memories of Cde. Bassoppo-Moyo, we mst no forget that by his death, as indeed by the death of countless other heroes, sung and unsung, he hasb e ed to us an onerous responsibility to carry thro to end the principles, ideals and aspirations which he cherished and stood for, but which, tragically, his death has made it impossible for him to continu to tribute towards their ultimate realisation. I am speaking here about the principle sovereignty, the ideals of service to the people bition to see the total consolidation of the ga independence. His death is thus a challenge to us to work harder, always guided by sound principle, to nurt dependence so as to yield optimum conditions justice and prosperity, Having said this, I wish to console Mrs. Bassop0and the entire family of Bassoppo-Moyo by remin th that there is nothing unique in death, for we shall ie s or later. What is unique is the record that one leaves ehi at one's death. Your husband, father, brother and son, C James Bassoppo-Moyo, has a brilliant record behind him a record for which the entire nation of Zimbabwe is heavil indebted. As a small token of our gratitude and indebtedness to Cde James Bassoppo-Moyo, the people and Government of Zim. babwe are according to him a burial, with full militar) honours, at State expense. By his contributionto the libera tion of Zimbabwe, his role since independence and by thi death, James Bassoppo-Moyo has passed from being jusl a member of the Bassoppo-Moyo family and has assumec a national and timeless identity. To Cde. James Bassoppo-Moyo, I say: Rest in Peace. Con gratulations for a life- time constructively spent. The task re mains to us, your erstwhile comrades-in- arms, to carr through to the end the struggle for the total emancipatioi and prosperity of our young nation. I have said this much to show that, notwithstanding the unfortunate incident that led to his imprisonment during we News v~,ie No A An~iI 1OQ~ itional Cultural Unity Zimbabwe Interview with the Deputy Prime Minister and Second Secretary of ZANU (PF) Comrade Simon Muzenda, with Zimbabwe News. e. Simon Muzenda, )uty Prime Minister and ,bnd Secretary of ZANUPF ZIMBABWE NEWS: Considering the fact that Zimbabwe has had a long history of immigrations even before colonial times, bringing into the country people of. diverse ethnic and racial backgrounds can we now assume that there is such a thing as a Zimbabwean Culture? CDE. MUZENDA: The question implies what do we mean by culture. Let us take culture to mean "shdred ways of thinking, believing, perceiving and evaluating" or "The realm of ideas and ideals, values and symbols." Culture is a dynamic social process that enables people to share a similar world view or philosophy of life, similar values and beliefs. As such, Zimbabwe, through the collective and dynamic contributions of its people, is capable of fashioning out commonly accepted values, beliefs, languages and practices, hence it is possible to conceive of a Zimbabwean culture in the making. A dynamic process of take and give in which basic common values will form the understructure of a national culture. Of course there is richness and unity in diversity for the process of acculturation, the adoption of new values beliefs or patterns in the course of culture contact will we News Vol 16 No 4 A ril 102r

4 ' Vol.16 No. 4 April 1985 Zimb be an ongoing one. This process takes time. However, the ethnic and racial diversity you cited should not be overdramatised. In the past the colonial regime over-emphasised minor differences in order to divide and rule, to frustrate and divert the process of organic unity implicit in different people living together. Similarly an over-emphasis on racial, tribal and regional groupings is a subtle and perverse attempt to create Biafras and Bantustans which slows down the emergent national cultural unity in Zimbabwe. CDE. MUZENDA: No, the two are complimentary. In the past our people lived in communal lands, even the chiefs did not own land but held it in trust for his people. The grain from the chief's land (Zundu) would be put in granaries and shared among the people. Even when, strangers moved into a new locality they would be given land to plough by their hosts because the sanction was that calamity would befall the community if they did not share what they had with others. Scientific socialism only seeks to scientifically analyse and purify a way of life well known to our people. Varoyi, privately you practise beliefs. CDE. MUZENDA: I think that ther been a misunderstanding of what I meant. Of course I have said publi many occasions that there were no things as Zvidoma; they simply don ist, but that does not mean I discard aspects of traditional belief. It will be recalled that Zinatha was f ed and legalised in recognition of t tional beliefs and to act as a contr curb malpractices and other exce There has been a great deal of ab~u Zimbabwe's Cultural Heritage - A Treasure ZIMBABWE NEWS: What will ZANU (PF) do to recreate pride in African culture and tradition after the impact of colonialism that denigrated its basic values? CDE. MUZENDA: I believe that by taking up arms and fighting the war of liberation against colonialism was the supreme act of preserving and restoring the pride and dignity of our people in their way of life and culture. Colonialism by its nature first destroys a peoples confidence economically, spiritually and then culturally. It perpetuates itself by making those it subjects look down first on their culture and then themselves. The Party will continue the process it set in'rtiotion by the liberation struggle to have pride in themselves. ZIMBABWE NEWS: Will Scientific Socialism proposed by the party contradict traditional culture. ? ZIMBABWE NEWS: Will the scientific socialism you wish to adopt in Zimbabwe ban religion, tradition or otherwise? CDE. MUZENDA: The Party's view-point has always been that religion is a matter for the individual to decide, it is a very personal issue. The only condition we make is that whatever religion is practised it should not hamper unity and development. But during the war of liberation when we were in camps, religion was discouraged because it became divisive, each one arguing about the particular merits of his particular religion. But if you like one could say that the war was a holy war against injustice and exploitation. ZIMBABWE NEWS: A criticism that has sometimes been levelled against you is that while publicly you discourage traditional beliefs in Masvikiro, N'angas and this traditional system and comm cialisation. In the past there were more sancti( against this type of abuse, when n'ani threw their bones all those around woi know how to interpret the symbols, I now this knowledge is no longer cc monly known and is left only to a f people who can misuse it for their o purposes. Traditional healing practi have a place in Zimbabwe and can cc plement western medical practices; al all the majority of our people at one ti or the other recourse to this type medicine, so it is important that eff( should be made to promote hygienic ' authentic treatment. As for Masvikiro those who know history and tradition will agree that t are highly honoured, usually for t] humane, reliable and unifying outlo They not only look after their familie

Zimbabwe News . vol.16 No. 4 April 1985 5 they also take care of problems confronting their regions and meet other, Masvikiro-to consult each other when major problems confront the country like war, drought, disease and so on. Why should the Party quarrel with unifying forces that extol bisic values like cooperation. in the case of n'angas, where they promote peace, health, and unity noone has any quarrel with them. But when their practices become disruptive we cannot permit that. The question of Varoyi is clear to all, anyone who, with poison or bad medicine, wants to harm other people is not welcome in our society. ZIMUABWE NEWS: Will the Party in futuie enact any laws to ensure that the practice of traditional beliefs are kept in check apd do not cause harm? CDE. MUZENDA: Yes, I think that we must 9therwise the situation may get out of hand. An attempt has to be made to weed out the destructive evil elements for -the good of the whole. For instance we cannot allow such things as witch-hunts to'continue. ZPuAnWE NEWS: Do you think that Gavernmfnt has the mandate to change laws, particularly as they may affect cultural practices even if the majority of people may want them to remain intact? CDE. MUZENDA: Definitely, I think it is the responsibility of Government to take a lead, sometimes people are hesitant to change, human beings like what they are used to and are reluctant to venture into the unkujown. Government was elected by the majority of the people to lead them with responsibility. Any nation will obviously uphold all that is good and adapt and change those forms orpractises that tend to inhibit the people's progress. Only those that use iradition for selfish ends rather than for the common Sood will seek a purist form of culture. Culture changes and grows and it must of necessi ty rid itself of bad customs and adopt new ones, even borrowed elements to revitalise itself. ZIMBABWE NEWS: What law: cffeting customary laws have caused the 'ost indignant outcry? CDE. MUZENDA: The Age of .. .rity Act stands out in my mind zs i..ving resulted in a great deal of misunderstanding. Many times outraged parents have come to my office claiming that Government has fid them of their right to roora by the Act. But that reaction has been caused by a total misinterpretation of the law. Parents still can receive roora for their daughters. Even if the statute sought 'to change that it would fail. People conform to cultural expectations and an im- portant cultural expectation in our society is that parentsreceive roora for their daughter. And both the daughter and the son-in-law would seek to ensure this to conform to accepted practise. It is also important to remind people that the Age of Majority Act, does not affect women alone. It allowed voting and contractual rights to all those over 18. It was thought ridiculous to allow a situation to continue in which the teenagers who fought in Zimbabwe's war of liberation would not be allowed to vote until they were 21. * The Act also gave to African women for the first time a major legal status; before, African women were deemed minors until their dying day. The act sought to introduce a measure of responsible freedom but by no means anarchy and lawlessness. The Act trains all in responsiblereflective thinking and decision-making. Those who panicked looked at one side without checking the effects on society as a whole. There were numerous incidents of women being refused to marry a man of their choice or one who was poor. Who has the right to force marriage for wealth rather than for love? Old girls and women were being exploited through the payment of several damage payment fees for the enrichment of their families so that they ended up as prostitutes. Traps were being laid for men and boys to make girls and women pregnant and so pay exorbitant sums of money. Marriages were being broken because one ox or $20 had not been paid in lobola. These are just a, few cases of the malpractices in customary marriages. Also the d-'lity in the status of customary and ci 'il marriages has tended to disadvantage some men and women. All marinages will be registered as valid. What both the Party and Government sought to do was to stop abuse but without negating the sanctity of marriage nor encouraging - promiscuity in citizens. Lastly, legislation is an ongoing process. As such it will be reviewed from time to time to miake it reflect the wishes and needs of our society. ZIMBABWE NEWS: A very large population growth in Zimbabwe can eventually strain the economy, do you think that it is culturally acceptable for Government to set a limit on family size given the importance people attach to large families? CDE. MUZENDA: We are still a very long way from making stipulations on family size though Government recognises the tremendous importance of ensuring that population growth is in line with the growth of the economy and does not become a burden. Government can only provide the machinery through the Child Spacing and Fami- ly Planning Association to help families limit their size. In colonial times the whole question of birth control was a political issue with the minority wanting to keep the numbers of the majority down. Now that we have a people's Government people should be reassured that suggestions to limit family size is for the good of the nation. ZIMBABWE NEWS: How does ZANU (PF) view the relationship between traditional chiefs, Government and the Party? How is this reconciled to Zimbabwe's culture? CDE. MUZENDA: To' clarify a point, the Party is supreme and Government derives its inspiration, life and policy from the Party. Government accepts chiefs as traditional leaders with a specific social, spiritual and politicairole to play in their respective areas. As such they are accepted as legitimate leaders by Government which in turn accords them a place of honour. Chiefs are an arm of society and coparticipants with the people and Government in organising society, running peopie's affairs and co-ordinating development to ensure people's welfare. Government is the embodiment of society's political activities. Its policies, programmes and actions are meant to benefit all people. It is Government that directs our political life and accords chiefs their rightful respectable place. Thus Government and chiefs play complimentary roles at different levels of society. In earlier times chiefs held independent sway in their respective domains; our Government views chiefs today as mandated to take care of certain groups of Zimbabweans. Hence, chiefs are co-ordinated into a national forum and help to implement Central policy and development programmes so that some Zimbabweans are not left in the lurch when others progress. Traditionally, a paramount chief or coordinator of chiefs was playing a limited part of Government's co-ordinative activities. Today's Government role ensures peace, co-operation security, equitable distribution of resources, equal opportunity for advancement to all Zimbabweans anywhere. Thus there are roles chiefs cannot play, like fielding an army etc. Similarly, central Government can best reach people through the active cooperation of chiefs. There is no clash in roles at all. The people's Government has improved the status of chiefs from colonial times when they were used as tools to oppress their people. Today chiefs play a role which helps to consolidate Zimbabwe's independence. Government is formed by people from the areas ruled by chiefs. Therefore all Zimbabweans have a stake both in Government and chieftainship. .

Vol.16 No. 4 April 1985 Zimn ZANU'S Socialist Agro-Production Plan The Party's programme on resettlement has been implemented by the people's government Ministry responsible for Lands, Resettlement and Rural Development: This issue of Zimbabwe News echos a full report on the programme. The inception of the resettlement programme is a significant achievement realised by the Party and Government. The initial planning of the programme as a whole was something entirely new to the planners but sufficient application of knowledge and skill enabled the programme to take off fairly quickly. The dumber of families settled to date represents some 225 000 people who have benefitted from the programme. To date 2 109 480 hectares have been purchased at a cost of $50 652 192. Up to 65 percent of the settled population are from communal lands and the landless. Expenditure on land development has been increasing progressively and some $25 108 048 has been spent on land development alone. Before independence the co-operative movement consisted of the service type co- operatives - the supply and marketing co-operative societies and a range of consumer and financing cooperatives. From 1956 to 1979 there were only 370 registered co-operative societies with a membership of 43 520 co-operators, who paid a share capital of $251 387,00. But, with the advent of a socialist Government more supportive of co-operative development has brought a period of unprecedented growth in the cooperative movement. For instance, during the five years of independence the Department of Co-operatives Development has by November 1984 been able to register some 1 380 co-operative societies with a total membership of 115 584 with a share capital of some $775 483,00 which is four times more than what had been achieved in 23 years. The most phenomenal rate of growth has been in the field of collective co-operatives, particularly among the farming, industrial and retail co-operative societies started only in 1980. Co-operative Achievemej Some of the settled collective farm operatives have done very well in t duction of both food and cash crol instance, Kuenda in Mashonalan tral has produced burley tobaccot quality, it has fetched the hight kilogram at the Harare Tobac Floors. Some such as Manicaland, Chakoma in M Central and Gowe in Masho produced record maize hat Kuwadzana, Gowe and othei ton crop. Those with irrig f such as Gowe have produc winter wheat crop, fetchingo Gutsaruzhinji in the Midl in Mashonaland East an' Manicaland are produinl vegetables that fetch aroun annum. A wide range of ag modities, such as fruit, corei Tobacco earns the country much needed foreign currency we News Vo1.16 No. 4 Anril lORRK ly products are successfully producSa number of 'co-operatives. efore independece the marketing seciof the co-operative movement used iandle slightly over 6 000 tonnes of produce per annum. But after inendence the mass of produce handlhot up to over 88 000 tonnes per year. ther marketing evidence shows that Zimbabwean co-operative movement v handles around 22 percent of grain nearly 25 percent of cotton sold anDy by peasant farmers to the Governit marketin