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ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: REMAPPING DICKINSON AND ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: REMAPPING DICKINSON AND PERIODICAL STUDIES Ingrid Satelmajer, Doctor of Philosophy, 2004 Dissertation directed by: Professor Martha Nell Smith Department of English My dissertation addresses Emily Dickinson’s neglected periodical poems of the 1890s. In examining these poems, it 1) updates and recasts the narrative of Dickinson’s posthumous production and 2) challenges long -held assumptions about periodical culture that have contributed to th at culture’s neglect. Since circulation figures of the periodicals easily exceeded sales figures for Dickinson books in the 1890s and some poems remained uncollected until almost the mid -twentieth century, these poems are vital for understanding the recep tion and publishing history of Dickinson’s poetry. Further, the movement beyond authorial intention in textual studies encourages us to look at “unsanctioned” texts like Dickinson’s periodical poems. My project unseats the book- centered nature of product ion and reception narratives and challenges larger perceptions about the presentation and distribution of American poetry in the nineteenth century, foregrounding the central role periodicals played in fostering and recording readers’ desire for the genre. This project initially examines how Dickinson’s periodical texts worked in concert with the marketing of the four Dickinson books published in the 1890s: POEMS (1890), POEMS (1891), LETTERS (1894), and POEMS (1896). In such places as the children’s maga zine ST. NICHOLAS , the Dickinson editorial team of Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Mabel Loomis Todd sought out broader markets and worked to create an image of the poet that would increase the public’s appetite for her. The periodicals, however, served as more than mere “handmaidens” to the books. My project employs archival research to examine how Higginson and Todd’s editorial production of Dickinson after the author’s death clashed with similar efforts in SCRIBNER’S MAGAZINE and the INDEPENDENT by Susan Dickinson (Dickinson’s sister -in -law), an editor whose work has been ignored in part because her successes were realized solely in periodicals. But Dickinson’s publication record also reveals that periodicals were not a transparent medium for the expre ssion of editorial intention. The reader -based rejection of Dickinson in the CHRISTIAN REGISTER reveals the active role readers played in periodical culture. And in the YOUTH’S COMPANION , an early media giant, the concerns of a sizable and powerful insti tution trumped those of any author or author- based editor. REMAPPING DICKINSON AND PERIODICAL STUDIES by Ingrid Satelmajer Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2004 Advisory Committee: Professor Martha Nell Smith, Chair Professor Neil Fraistat Professor Robert Levine Professor William Sherman ©Copyright by Ing rid Satelmajer 2004 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank, first of all, my dissertation committee: Robert Levine, who pushed me to refine arguments and challenge current critical conversations in ways that proved vital for this project’s foundation; Bill Sherman, who encouraged me, always with enthusiasm and theoretical sophistication, to consider my work in a larger book history framework; Neil Fraistat, who proved time and again an admirable model in scholarship and pedagogy and who offered crucial guidance and training in textual studies; and Martha Nell Smith, my director, who offered vital support for my project from the start, shared my delight in details, and never let me forget my responsibility to my own voice. I also have benefited from contact with a wider community of professors and scholars. I thank Mary Norcliffe, Ann Parrish, Ottilie Stafford, and David Knott for their continued interest in my work, and I thank Roger Gilbert for the course (“Cultures of American Poetry”) that ultimately led me to my topic. I appreciate conversations and/or correspondence with Paula Bernat Bennett, Ellen Gruber Garvey, Katherine King, Barton Levi St. Armand, Robert Scholnick, and the members of the Washington Area Group for Print Culture Studies. Detailed feedback from two anonymous readers at Book History helped tremendously; co -editor Ezra Greenspan’s astute comments and careful editing pushed me to refine my analysis at a crucial time in the project. Among my many fellow graduate students at the University of Maryland, all part of a truly generative and collegial community, I thank in particular Kristin Bailey for her encouragement; Matthew Hill for his collaboration on an early, pre -dissertation website (“Emily Dickinson and The Youth’s Companion”) that led to my project; Liz Driver, my dissertation partner, for her ii question, “When are you going to start writing?”; and Yung Min Kim for years of collegial support, advice, and critical feedback. I appreciate funding received from the Mary Savage Snouffer Dissert ation Fellowship, which supported my work for the 2003 -2004 academic year, and from a QCB Research and Travel Grant, which supported a research trip to Yale University’s Manuscripts and Archives Division. The staff at the University of Maryland’s McKeldin Library were consistently helpful; I thank in particular the interlibrary loan department for their procurement of hard -to -obtain sources. I also appreciate the assistance I received from the staff at Princeton University’s Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Manuscripts Division, especially from Margaret Sherry Rich and AnnaLee Pauls, and from Yale University’s Manuscripts and Archives Division. Significant portions of the Introduction and Chapter 1 appeared as “Dickinson as Child’s Fare: The Author Served up in St. Nicholas,” Book History 5 (2002): 105-142. That material appears here courtesy of Penn State University Press. Quotations from documents located in Princeton University’s Department of Rare Books and Special Collections are published with permission of Princeton University Library. Quotations from documents located in the Dickinson Electronic Archives are published with permission of the Dickinson Electronic Archives . Many friends and my entire family deserve credit for their support. I thank all of them for their interest and faithful support —in particular, Nichole Bromme, Arthur and Lilo Fefferman, David Valdes Greenwood, Lester Pelley, Ruth Satelmajer, and Heidi and Dan Weber. I thank John and Elizabeth Satelmajer for well -appointed research iii accommodations; Tom Wehtje for the companionship of a similarly obsessed researcher; Christa and Phillip Bruso, Roberta Spivak, and Nikole Satelmajer for sympathy, encouragement, and ever -ready ears and eyes as I worked through my argu ments; Judy Pelley for her careful reading of the entire document; and Nikolaus Satelmajer for critical feedback, moral and technical support, and a lifelong example of enthusiasm for scholarship. Most of all, I thank my husband, Douglas Pelley, who ignored the silvered words of certain taxicab drivers, and who always made clear to me the value of my endeavor. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Chapter I: Dickinson as Child’s Fare: The Author Served up in St. Nicholas 22 Chapter II: Fracturing a Master Narrative, Reconstructing “Sister Sue” 69 Chapter III: Not “For the Christian Register ”: Readers Reject Dickinson 116 Chapter IV: Prizes for Poems: Dickinson and The Youth’s Companion 181 Conclusion 240 Appendix 1 246 Bibliography 248 v Introduction Since Thomas Johnson’s 1955 variorum The Poems of Emily Dickinson, scholars have had ready access to a list of Dickinson poems published in periodicals. Subsequent resear ch has led to updated lists of Dickinson’s periodical publications during her lifetime; poems in periodicals following Dickinson’s 1886 death, however, have been all but ignored.1 My dissertation addresses these neglected texts with two goals in mind: 1) to update and recast the narrative of Dickinson’s posthumous production and 2) to challenge long -held assumptions about periodical culture that have contributed to that culture’s neglect. Dickinson scholarship has been concerned primarily with events, influences, and textual production and reception during the span of the poet’s life. These concerns, 1 Johnson records the initial publication of sixty -one Dickinson poems in periodicals during the 1890s, thirty of which were included within article s in the Christian Union and the Atlantic Monthly. The remaining thirty -one poems on his list appeared in The Youth’s Companion (9), Scribner’s Magazine (2), The Independent (12), Life (1), Christian Register (1), St. Nicholas (2), Handbook of Amherst (1), Book Buyer (1) (a publication repeated in The Youth’s Companion), and Outlook (3). See Johnson, “Appendix 10: Chronological Listing of First Publication Elsewhere Than in Collections.” For notation of two initial printings in a Todd article that Johnso n does not record, see Willis Buckingham’s Emily Dickinson’s Reception in the 1890s: A Documentary History , 427. See, as an earlier notice of four periodical poems, George F. Whicher, “Notes and Queries: Some Uncollected Poems by Emily Dickinson.” Whicher, who raises a number of questions about the poems’ submission, is concerned “that they should not be left buried in the files of yesterday’s periodicals” (440). 1 endemic to major author studies, hold a special appeal for an author who, from the first posthumous volume of Poems (1890), emerged as a mysterious recluse
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