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Protozoan Fauna of Freshwater Habitats in South Dum Dum Municipality, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal
Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) Volume 3, Issue 3 August 2014 139 ISSN: 2278-5213 RESEARCH ARTICLE Protozoan Fauna of Freshwater Habitats in South Dum Dum Municipality, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal J. Chitra Protozoology Section, Lower Invertebrate Division, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, India [email protected]; +91 98315 47265 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Wetlands of South Dum Dum Municipality were focused to reveal the status of the planktonic protozoan fauna in detail. A total of 37 different sites were selected and plankton samples from these sites were collected. About 16 sp. of protozoa were identified from few localities from the present investigation. Eight species of rhizopoda belonged to 4 genera, 4 family (Pelomyxidae, Arcellidae, Centropyxidae and Difflugiidae) and 2 order (Pelobintida and Arcellinida), Four species of flagellate belongs to 2 genera, 1 family (Euglinidae) and 1 order (Euglenida), 4 species of ciliate belongs to 4 genera, 4 family (Colepidae, Vorticellidae, Euplotidae and Paramaeciidae), 2 order (Prorodontida and Peritrichida) and 2 suborder (Sporadotrichinia and Peniculina). Among 37 localities, protozoans were observed only in L2, L3, L8, L9, L12, L13, L15, L17, L18, L19, L21, L24, L26, L32, L33, L34 and L36 localities. Protozoan diversity and their abundance were noticed higher in L12, L18, L21, L26, L33 and L34 localities. Euglena viridis, E. acus, E. oxyuris and Phacus acumininata, Pelomyxa palustris, Vorticella companula were found to be higher in abundance and distribution. Keywords: South Dum Dum municipality, planktonic protozoan, Euglena viridis, abundance, distribution. Introduction Dumdum Park, Amarpalli, Telipukur, Nager Bazar, Protozoa are highly abundant in all aquatic habitats and Patipukur and Dum Dum were selected and the plankton greatly involved in food chain (Finlay, 1997). -
Chorioactidaceae: a New Family in the Pezizales (Ascomycota) with Four Genera
mycological research 112 (2008) 513–527 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Chorioactidaceae: a new family in the Pezizales (Ascomycota) with four genera Donald H. PFISTER*, Caroline SLATER, Karen HANSENy Harvard University Herbaria – Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA article info abstract Article history: Molecular phylogenetic and comparative morphological studies provide evidence for the Received 15 June 2007 recognition of a new family, Chorioactidaceae, in the Pezizales. Four genera are placed in Received in revised form the family: Chorioactis, Desmazierella, Neournula, and Wolfina. Based on parsimony, like- 1 November 2007 lihood, and Bayesian analyses of LSU, SSU, and RPB2 sequence data, Chorioactidaceae repre- Accepted 29 November 2007 sents a sister clade to the Sarcosomataceae, to which some of these taxa were previously Corresponding Editor: referred. Morphologically these genera are similar in pigmentation, excipular construction, H. Thorsten Lumbsch and asci, which mostly have terminal opercula and rounded, sometimes forked, bases without croziers. Ascospores have cyanophilic walls or cyanophilic surface ornamentation Keywords: in the form of ridges or warts. So far as is known the ascospores and the cells of the LSU paraphyses of all species are multinucleate. The six species recognized in these four genera RPB2 all have limited geographical distributions in the northern hemisphere. Sarcoscyphaceae ª 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Sarcosomataceae SSU Introduction indicated a relationship of these taxa to the Sarcosomataceae and discussed the group as the Chorioactis clade. Only six spe- The Pezizales, operculate cup-fungi, have been put on rela- cies are assigned to these genera, most of which are infre- tively stable phylogenetic footing as summarized by Hansen quently collected. -
Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Occurring in Punjab, India
Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology 5 (3): 213–247(2015) ISSN 2229-2225 www.creamjournal.org Article CREAM Copyright © 2015 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/cream/5/3/6 Ecology, Distribution Perspective, Economic Utility and Conservation of Coprophilous Agarics (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Occurring in Punjab, India Amandeep K1*, Atri NS2 and Munruchi K2 1Desh Bhagat College of Education, Bardwal–Dhuri–148024, Punjab, India. 2Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala–147002, Punjab, India. Amandeep K, Atri NS, Munruchi K 2015 – Ecology, Distribution Perspective, Economic Utility and Conservation of Coprophilous Agarics (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Occurring in Punjab, India. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology 5(3), 213–247, Doi 10.5943/cream/5/3/6 Abstract This paper includes the results of eco-taxonomic studies of coprophilous mushrooms in Punjab, India. The information is based on the survey to dung localities of the state during the various years from 2007-2011. A total number of 172 collections have been observed, growing as saprobes on dung of various domesticated and wild herbivorous animals in pastures, open areas, zoological parks, and on dung heaps along roadsides or along village ponds, etc. High coprophilous mushrooms’ diversity has been established and a number of rare and sensitive species recorded with the present study. The observed collections belong to 95 species spread over 20 genera and 07 families of the order Agaricales. The present paper discusses the distribution of these mushrooms in Punjab among different seasons, regions, habitats, and growing habits along with their economic utility, habitat management and conservation. This is the first attempt in which various dung localities of the state has been explored systematically to ascertain the diversity, seasonal availability, distribution and ecology of coprophilous mushrooms. -
The Centropyxis Aerophila Complex (Protozoa: Testacea)
NENCKI INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY VOLUME 39 NUMBER ^ WARSAWhttp://rcin.org.pl, POLAND 2000 ISSN 0065-1583 Polish Academy of Sciences Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology and Polish Society of Cell Biology ACTA PROTOZOOLOGICA International Journal on Protistology Editor in Chief Jerzy SIKORA Editors Hanna FABCZAK and Anna WASIK Managing Editor Małgorzata WORONOWICZ-RYMASZEWSKA Editorial Board Andre ADOUTTE. Paris J. I. Ronny LARSSON, Lund Christian F. BARDELE, Tübingen John J. LEE, New York Magdolna Cs. BERECZKY, Göd Jiri LOM, Ceske Budejovice Jean COHEN, Gif-Sur-Yvette Pierangelo LUPORINI, Camerino John O. CORLISS, Albuquerque Hans MACHEMER, Bochum Gyorgy CSABA, Budapest Jean-Pierre MIGNOT, Aubiere Isabelle DESPORTES-LIVAGE, Paris Yutaka NAITOH, Tsukuba Tom FENCHEL, Helsing0r Jytte R. NILSSON, Copenhagen Wilhelm FOISSNER, Salsburg Eduardo ORIAS, Santa Barbara Vassil GOLEMANSKY, Sofia Dimitrii V. OSSIPOV, St. Petersburg Andrzej GRĘBECKI, Warszawa, Vice-Chairman Leif RASMUSSEN, Odense Lucyna GRĘBECKA, Warszawa Sergei O. SKARLATO, St. Petersburg Donat-Peter HÄDER, Erlangen Michael SLEIGH, Southampton Janina KACZANOWSKA, Warszawa JifiVÄVRA, Praha Stanisław L. KAZUBSKI, Warszawa Patricia L. WALNE, Knoxville Leszek KUZNICKI, Warszawa, Chairman ACTA PROTOZOOLOGICA appears quarterly. The price (including Air Mail postage) of subscription to ACTA PROTOZOOLOGICA at 2001 is: US $ 200,- by institutions and US $ 120,- by individual subscribers. Limited numbers of back volumes at reduced rate are available. TERMS OF PAYMENT: check, money oder or payment to be made to the Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology account: 111-01053-401050001074 at Państwowy Bank Kredytowy XIII Oddz. Warszawa, Poland. For matters regarding ACTA PROTOZOOLOGICA, contact Editor, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland; Fax: (4822) 822 53 42; E-mail: [email protected] For more information see Web page http://www.nencki.gov.pl/ap.htm). -
Comparative Analysis of Secretomes from Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with an Emphasis on Small-Secreted Proteins Clément Pellegrin, Emmanuelle Morin, Francis M
Comparative Analysis of Secretomes from Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with an Emphasis on Small-Secreted Proteins Clément Pellegrin, Emmanuelle Morin, Francis M. Martin, Claire Veneault-Fourrey To cite this version: Clément Pellegrin, Emmanuelle Morin, Francis M. Martin, Claire Veneault-Fourrey. Comparative Analysis of Secretomes from Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with an Emphasis on Small-Secreted Proteins. Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media, 2015, 6, pp.1-15. 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01278. hal- 01269483 HAL Id: hal-01269483 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01269483 Submitted on 27 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 18 November 2015 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01278 Comparative Analysis of Secretomes from Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with an Emphasis on Small-Secreted Proteins Clement Pellegrin 1, 2, Emmanuelle Morin 2, Francis M. Martin 2 and Claire Veneault-Fourrey 1, 2* 1 UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France, 2 UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d’Excellence ARBRE, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA-Nancy, Champenoux, France Fungi are major players in the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems due to the wide range of interactions they have with plants either through soil degradation processes by litter decayers or biotrophic interactions with pathogenic and ectomycorrhizal symbionts. -
MMA MASTERLIST - Sorted Alphabetically
MMA MASTERLIST - Sorted Alphabetically Sunday, December 10, 20Taxa Count: 2115 Page 1 of 26 Agaricus abruptibulbus Amanita amerimuscaria Agaricus arvensis Amanita amerirubescens nom. prov. Agaricus campestris Amanita atkinsoniana Agaricus haemorrhoidarius Amanita aureosolea nom. prov. Agaricus micromegethus Amanita battarrae Agaricus pattersonae Amanita bisporigera Agaricus placomyces Amanita brunnescens Agaricus semotus Amanita ceciliae Agaricus silvaticus Amanita cinereoconia Agaricus silvicola Amanita citrina Agaricus sp. Amanita citrina f. lavendula Agaricus subrutilescens Amanita cokeri Agaricus xanthrodermus Amanita cothurnata Agrocybe acericola Amanita crenulata Agrocybe aegerita Amanita crocea Agrocybe dura Amanita elongata Agrocybe erebia Amanita excelsa var. spissa Agrocybe firma Amanita farinosa Agrocybe pediades Amanita flavoconia Agrocybe praecox Amanita flavorubens Agrocybe sp. Amanita flavorubescens Agrocybe tabacina Amanita frostiana Albatrellus caeruleoporus Amanita fulva var. alba Albatrellus confluens Amanita fulva var. crassivolvata Albatrellus ovinus Amanita gemmata Albatrellus sp. Amanita jacksonii Alboleptonia sericella Amanita longipes Albugo candida Amanita murrilliana Aleuria aurantia Amanita onusta Aleuria rhenana Amanita pantherina, cf. Aleurodiscus amorphus Amanita phalloides Aleurodiscus oakesii Amanita porphyria Amanita abrupta Amanita praecox nom. prov. Amanita aestivalis Amanita pseudovolvata nom. prov. Amanita albocreata Amanita RET T01 Amanita amerifulva nom. prov. Amanita ristichii Amanita rubescens -
The Biosynthesis of Plant and Fungal Sesquiterpenoids in Ustilago Maydis and Discovery of a Bioactive Compound from Fistulina Hepatica
The biosynthesis of plant and fungal sesquiterpenoids in Ustilago maydis and discovery of a bioactive compound from Fistulina hepatica Inaugural-Dissertation Zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf vorgelegt von Jungho Lee aus Daegu Düsseldorf, September 2020 aus dem Institut für Mikrobiologie der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Referent: Prof. Dr. Michael Feldbrügge Korreferent : Prof. Dr. Julia Frunzke Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 26. Oktober 2020 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich versichere an Eides Statt, dass die Dissertation von mir selbständig und ohne unzulässige fremde Hilfe unter Beachtung der „Grundsätze zur Sicherung guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf“ erstellt worden ist. Die Dissertation wurde in ihrer jetzigen oder einer ähnlichen Form noch bei keiner anderen Hochschule eingereicht. Ich habe zuvor keine erfolglosen Promotionsversuche unternommen. Ort, Datum Unterschrift Die Untersuchungen zur vorliegenden Arbeit wurden von Oktober 2016 bis September 2020 in Düsseldorf an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität in dem Institut für Mikrobiologie unter der Betreuung von Herrn Prof. Dr. Michael Feldbrügge durchgeführt. Teile dieser Arbeit wurden veröffentlicht in: Lee, J., Hilgers, F., Loeschke, A., Jaeger, K. E., Feldbrügge, M., 2020, Ustilago maydis serves as a novel production host for the synthesis of plant and fungal sesquiterpenoids. Frontiers in Microbiology 11, 1655. Lee, J., Shi, Y., Grün, P., Gube, M., Feldbrügge, M., Bode, H. B., Hennicke, F., 2020, Identification of feldin, an antifungal polyine from the beefsteak fungus Fistulina hepatica. Biomolecules 10, 1502. Summary Summary Sesquiterpenoids are important secondary metabolites with various pharma- and nutraceutical properties. -
Phylogenetic Relationships of Rhizoctonia Fungi Within the Cantharellales
fungal biology 120 (2016) 603e619 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funbio Phylogenetic relationships of Rhizoctonia fungi within the Cantharellales Dolores GONZALEZa,*, Marianela RODRIGUEZ-CARRESb, Teun BOEKHOUTc, Joost STALPERSc, Eiko E. KURAMAEd, Andreia K. NAKATANIe, Rytas VILGALYSf, Marc A. CUBETAb aInstituto de Ecologıa, A.C., Red de Biodiversidad y Sistematica, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico bDepartment of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Campus Box 7251, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA cCBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands dDepartment of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO/KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands eUNESP, Faculdade de Ci^encias Agronomicas,^ CP 237, 18603-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil fDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA article info abstract Article history: Phylogenetic relationships of Rhizoctonia fungi within the order Cantharellales were studied Received 2 January 2015 using sequence data from portions of the ribosomal DNA cluster regions ITS-LSU, rpb2, tef1, Received in revised form and atp6 for 50 taxa, and public sequence data from the rpb2 locus for 165 taxa. Data sets 1 January 2016 were analysed individually and combined using Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likeli- Accepted 19 January 2016 hood, and Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference methods. All analyses supported the mono- Available online 29 January 2016 phyly of the family Ceratobasidiaceae, which comprises the genera Ceratobasidium and Corresponding Editor: Thanatephorus. Multi-locus analysis revealed 10 well-supported monophyletic groups that Joseph W. Spatafora were consistent with previous separation into anastomosis groups based on hyphal fusion criteria. -
Reviewing the World's Edible Mushroom Species: a New
Received: 5 September 2020 Revised: 4 December 2020 Accepted: 21 December 2020 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12708 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY Reviewing the world’s edible mushroom species: A new evidence-based classification system Huili Li1,2,3 Yang Tian4 Nelson Menolli Jr5,6 Lei Ye1,2,3 Samantha C. Karunarathna1,2,3 Jesus Perez-Moreno7 Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman8 Md Harunur Rashid8 Pheng Phengsintham9 Leela Rizal10 Taiga Kasuya11 Young Woon Lim12 Arun Kumar Dutta13 Abdul Nasir Khalid14 Le Thanh Huyen15 Marilen Parungao Balolong16 Gautam Baruah17 Sumedha Madawala18 Naritsada Thongklang19,20 Kevin D. Hyde19,20,21 Paul M. Kirk22 Jianchu Xu1,2,3 Jun Sheng23 Eric Boa24 Peter E. Mortimer1,3 1 CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2 East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kunming, Yunnan, China 3 Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan, China 4 College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 5 Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, Brazil 6 Departamento de Ciências da Natureza e Matemática (DCM), Subárea de Biologia (SAB), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), São Paulo, Brazil 7 Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, México 8 Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, -
Kumanasamuha Geaster Sp. Nov., an Anamorph of Chorioactis Geaster from Japan
Mycologia, 101(6), 2009, pp. 871–877. DOI: 10.3852/08-121 # 2009 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Kumanasamuha geaster sp. nov., an anamorph of Chorioactis geaster from Japan H. Nagao1,2 sequences and morphology. The combination of the Genebank, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, three datasets produced similar or stronger support Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan for this lineage. A new family, Chorioactidaceae, was S. Kurogi erected in the Pezizales (Pfister et al 2008) to Miyazaki Prefectural Museum of Nature and History, accommodate Chorioactis and three other genera, Miyazaki 880-0053, Japan Desmazierella, Neournula and Wolfina. Chorioactis geaster has been found in evergreen E. Kiyota broadleaf forests in Kyusyu, Japan (Imazeki 1938, Kyusyu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka Imazeki and Otani 1975, Kurogi et al 2002). However 882-8508, Japan these forests are now disappearing due to deforesta- K. Sasatomi tion and replanting with Cryptomeria japonica D. Don Kyusyu Environmental Evaluation Association, and construction of a dam. Chorioactis geaster has Fukuoka 813-0004, Japan been listed as a threatened fungus in the Red Data Book of Japan (2000) because of its global rarity. The occurrence of C. geaster was infrequent (Imazeki Abstract: A new species of Kumanasamuha is de- 1938, Imazeki and Otani 1975) and asexual sporula- scribed and illustrated from axenic single-spore tion of C. geaster was not observed (Imazeki and Otani isolates of Chorioactis geaster. The characteristics of 1975). We have made some observations on the life conidia and hyphae are the same as the dematiaceous cycle of C. geaster and are trying to find ways to hyphomycete observed on decayed trunks of Quercus conserve this endangered fungus (Kurogi et al 2002). -
Hymenomycetes from Multan District
Pak. J. Bot., 39(2): 651-657, 2007. HYMENOMYCETES FROM MULTAN DISTRICT KISHWAR SULTANA, MISBAH GUL*, SYEDA SIDDIQA FIRDOUS* AND REHANA ASGHAR* Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, Islamabad, Pakistan. *Department of Botany, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Twenty samples of mushroom and toadstools (Hymenomycetes) were collected from Multan district during July-October 2003. Twelve species belonging to 8 genera of class Basidiomycetes were recorded for the 1st time from Multan: Albatrellus caeruleoporus (Peck.) Pauzar, Agaricus arvensis Sch., Agaricus semotus Fr., Agaricus silvaticus Schaef., Coprinus comatus (Muell. ex. Fr.), S.F. Gray, Hypholoma marginatum (Pers.) Schroet., Hypholoma radicosum Lange., Marasmiellus omphaloides (Berk.) Singer, Panaeolus fimicola (Pers. ex. Fr.) Quel., Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.) Maire, Psathyrella artemisiae (Pass.) K. M. and Podaxis pistilaris (L. ex. Pers.) Fr. Seven of these species are edible or of medicinal value. Introduction Multan lies between north latitude 29’-22’ and 30’-45’ and east longitude 71’-4’ and 72’ 4’55. It is located in a bend created by five confluent rivers. It is about 215 meters (740 feet) above sea level. The mean rainfall of the area surveyed is 125mm in the Southwest and 150 mm in the Northeast. The hottest months are May and June with the mean temperature ranging from 107°F to 109°F, while mean temperature of Multan from July to October is 104°F. The mean rainfall from July to October is 18 mm. The soils are moderately calcareous with pH ranging from 8.2 to 8.4. -
Preliminary Classification of Leotiomycetes
Mycosphere 10(1): 310–489 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes Ekanayaka AH1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Gentekaki E2,3, McKenzie EHC4, Zhao Q1,*, Bulgakov TS5, Camporesi E6,7 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 5Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar region, Russia 6A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy. 7A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy. Ekanayaka AH, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, McKenzie EHC, Zhao Q, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E 2019 – Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10(1), 310–489, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Abstract Leotiomycetes is regarded as the inoperculate class of discomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. Taxa are mainly characterized by asci with a simple pore blueing in Melzer’s reagent, although some taxa have lost this character. The monophyly of this class has been verified in several recent molecular studies. However, circumscription of the orders, families and generic level delimitation are still unsettled. This paper provides a modified backbone tree for the class Leotiomycetes based on phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, and RPB2 loci. In the phylogenetic analysis, Leotiomycetes separates into 19 clades, which can be recognized as orders and order-level clades.