Gray Treefrog Southern Leopard Spring Peeper

Frog Call Survey 2002 - 2006

Wood Frog Green Frog Upland Chorus American Toad

E. Spadefoot

Northern Cricket Bullfrog Frog and Toad Species  9 species of frogs and 3 species of toads  Eastern Spadefoot Toad (Scaphiopus holbrookii)  American Toad (Bufo americanus)  Fowler’s Toad (Bufo fowlerii)  Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)  Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor)  Green Frog (Rana clamitans)  Northern Cricket Frog (Acris crepitans)  Northern Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer)  Pickerel Frog (Rana palustris)  Southern Leopard Frog (Rana utricularia)  Upland Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata)  Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica)

Eastern Spadefoot Toad

 Habitat Type: Usually found in areas with sandy or loose soil  Voice: Explosive grunt, low-pitched, and short in duration  Have a single, sharp-edged, black spade on each hind foot.  Spade enables the toad to burrow down into the sand/soil. American Toad

 Habitat Type: Ranges from suburban backyards to mountain wildernesses  Need shallow water and/or areas with some moisture.  Voice: Long musical trill  Chest and forward part of abdomen usually spotted with dark pigment.  One or two warts in each of the largest dark spots. Fowler’s Toad

 Habitat Type: chiefly sandy areas, around shores of lakes, or in river valleys.  Voice: A short, unmusical bleat.  Virtually unspotted belly.  Three or more warts in each of the largest dark spots.

Bullfrog

 Habitat Type: Prefers large bodies of water  Voice: A vibrate, sonorous series of bass notes best stated as “jug ’o rum”  No dorsolateral ridges  Has less fully webbed toes, 4th toe extends past the webbing. Gray Treefrog

 Habitat Type: Small trees and shrubs near or in shallow standing bodied water  Voice: Small musical trill, a resonant, flute-like trill, sounds similar to the call of the red- bellied woodpecker.  Orange on concealed portions of legs. Green Frog

 Habitat Type: Shallow, fresh water.  Voice: Like a loose banjo string and rather explosive, either a single note or repeated 3 or 4 times.  Has dorsolateral ridges ending on body.

Northern Cricket Frog

 Habitat Type: In or near permanent bodies of shallow water that provide cover in the form of vegetation.  Voice: “gick-gick-gick”, like two pebbles being hit together slowly at first but picking up speed, continuing for 20-30 plus beats.  1st toe completely webbed and only 1.5 to 2 joints of the 4th toe are free.

Northern Spring Peeper

 Habitat Type: Bushy second growth near small or semi-permanent ponds or swamps.  Voice: High peeping whistle, a single clear note repeated at intervals.  Dark cross on back. Pickerel Frog

 Habitat Type: Cool, clear water.  Voice: Steady low pitched snore of 1 to 2 seconds duration.  Square spots in two parallel rows down the back.  Bright yellow or orange on concealed surfaces of hind legs. Southern Leopard Frog

 Habitat Type: All types of shallow freshwater habitats and slightly brackish marshes.  Voice: Short chuckle like guttural trill, pulse rate usually fewer than 13 per second.  Distinct light spot in center of tympanum.  Dark dorsal spots highly variable. Upland Chorus Frog

 Habitat Type: Grassy lowlands, moist woodlands and river-bottom swamps.  Voice: regularly repeated “crreek” or “prreep”  Dark stripe from snout to groin passing through the eye.  Dark triangle between eyes. Wood Frog

 Habitat Type: In or near moist wooded areas.  Voice: A hoarse clacking sound that suggests the quack of a duck.  Dark patch extending backward from the eye. Survey Sites

 2002-2004 15 sites  * indicate new sites  2005-2006 20 sites for 2005-2006  Blue Road*  New Marsh  Blue Heron Pond*  Peeper Pond  Cash Lake  Powerline Swamp  Chorus Frog Site*  Range Pond  Harding Spring Pond  Red Road*  Hobbs Pond  Rogue Harbor  Knowles 2  Salamander Pond  Merganser Pond  Sam’s Pond*  Midway Branch  Uhler 1  Millrace 2  Wood Duck Pond

Chorus Frog Site Rogue Harbor Range Pond Map of Sites Red Road Blue Road Merganser Pond Blue Heron Pond Wood Duck Pond Midway Branch

Millrace 2 Salamander Pond Uhler 1 New Marsh

Knowles 2 Peeper Pond Hobbs Pond 1

Powerline Swamp

Sam's Pond Cash Lake

Harding Spring Pond

Legend Permanency Permanent Semi-Permanent Temporary Buffer_of_proposed_2005_pts_v4 Blue text = Adds diversity value Rogue Harbor Range Pond Midway Branch Wood Duck Pond & Surrounding Areas New Marsh Merganser Pond & Surrounding Areas PRR Anuran Call Count Survey

(Contacts: LE – 240-882-0925; Marilyn cell/desk – 240-882-0360/301-497-5949)

Observer: Refuge Route: 1a Survey Date: Run Number: (first and last name) (include year)

Point Data

SAMSa HARDa CASHa UHL1a KNO2a

Start Time

Air Temperature (oF)

Wind Scale

Sky Code

Was noise a factor? ( = yes)

Did you take a timeout? (= yes)

Species Heard: 3 min. 5 min. 3 min. 5 min. 3 min. 5 min. 3 min. 5 min. 3 min. 5 min.

Eastern Spadefoot Toad

American Toad

Fowler’s Toad

Northern Cricket Frog

Gray Treefrog

Northern Spring Peeper

Upland Chorus Frog

Bullfrog

Green Frog

Wood Frog

Southern Leopard Frog

Pickerel Frog

Comments:

Call Index Value: 1 = Calls can be counted, no overlapping. 2 = Calls can be distinguished, some overlapping. 3 = Full chorus, calls continuous and overlapping.

Sky Code: 0 = Clear / few clouds. 1 = Partly cloudy / variable. 2 = Cloudy (broken) or overcast. 4 = Fog / Smoke 5 = Drizzle / light rain 7 = Snow *8 = Showers (do not conduct survey)

Wind Scale: 0 = Smoke rises vertically. *4 =Small branches move, raises dust and loose paper. 1 = Light air movement, smoke drifts. *5 = Small trees in leaf begin to sway, crested wavelets. 2 = Wind felt on face, leaves rustle. *6 = Large branches in motion. 3 = Gentle breeze, leaves and small twigs in motion. * Unacceptable wind strengths for survey.

SCDI Values

 Species diversity values based on calls.  SCDI values were calculated by using the Simpson’s Diversity formula.  Simpson’s Diversity formula requires the species abundance.  Assumptions:  Call Code 1 there was 1 individual  Call Code 2 there was 4 individuals  Call Code 3 there was 9 individuals Summary 2002

SCDI Site Comparison 2002

0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 SCDI Value 0.05 0

MIL2a SALAa CASHa HARDa HOBBa KNO2a MERGa MIDWa NEWMa PEEPaPOWEa RANGaROGUa UHL1aWOODa Site

 Midway Branch had the worst SCDI value (0.249).  Salamander Pond and Range Pond had the best SCDI values (0.138).

Summary 2002 Cont.

Number of Occassions Species Heard 2002

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Number of Occassions EST AT Bf FT GTf GF None NCF NSP PF SLF UCF WF Species

 Northern Spring Peeper heard the most (60).  Northern Spring Peeper, Northern Cricket Frog, and the Gray Treefrog were heard at the most locations (15).  Upland Chorus Frog was heard the least and at the fewest locations. (2).

Summary 2003

SCDI Site Comparison 2003

0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1

SCDI Value 0.05 0

MIL2a CASHaHARDa KNO2a MIDWa PEEPa SALAa UHL1a HOBBa MERGa NEWMa POWEaRANGaROGUa WOODa Site

 Peeper Pond had the worst SCDI value (0.301).  New Marsh had the best SCDI value (0.136). Summary 2003 Cont.

Number of Occassions Species Heard 2003

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Number of Occassions of Number

AT Bf FT GF PF EST GTf SLF WF None NCF NSP UCF Species

 Northern Cricket Frog heard the most (44).  Northern Cricket Frog and Northern Spring Peeper were heard at the most locations (15).  Upland Chorus Frog was not heard this year.  One Wood Frog call was heard at one location.

Summary 2004

SCDI Site Comparison 2004

0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 SCDI Value 0.05 0

MIL2a SALAa CASHa HARDaHOBBa KNO2a MERGa MIDWa NEWMa PEEPaPOWEa RANGaROGUa UHL1aWOODa Site

 Midway Branch had the worst SCDI value (0.319).  Knowles 2 had the best SCDI value (0.146). Summary 2004 Cont.

Number of Occassions Species Heard 2004

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Number of Occassions of Number

AT Bf FT GF PF EST GTf SLF WF None NCF NSP UCF Species

 Northern Spring Peeper heard the most (63).  Northern Spring Peeper, Northern Cricket Frog, Green Frog, and Southern Leopard Frog were heard at the most locations (15).  Upland Chorus Frog (3) and Wood Frog (4) heard the least. Summary 2005 (15 Sites)

SCDI Site Comparison 2005

0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 SCDI Value 0.05 0

MIL2a SALAa CASHa HARDaHOBBa KNO2a MERGa MIDWa NEWMa PEEPaPOWEa RANGaROGUa UHL1aWOODa Site

 Peeper Pond had the worst SCDI value (0.308).  Range Pond had the best SCDI value (0.169).

Summary 2005 (15 Sites) Cont.

Number of Occassions Species Heard 2005

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Number of Occassions Occassions of Number

AT Bf FT GF PF EST GTf SLF WF None NCF NSP UCF Species

 Northern Spring Peeper was heard the most (62).  N. Spring Peeper, N. Cricket Frog, Gray Treefrog, and Green Frog heard at the most locations.  American Toad (1), Upland Chorus Frog (3), and Wood Frog (3) heard the least. Summary 2006 (15 Sites)

SCDI Site Comparison 2006

0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 SCDI Value 0.05 0

MIL2a SALAa CASHa HARDaHOBBa KNO2a MERGa MIDWa NEWMa PEEPaPOWEa RANGaROGUa UHL1aWOODa Site

 Salamander Pond had the worst SCDI value (0.307).  Uhler 1 had the best SCDI value (0.144). Summary 2006 (15 Sites) Cont.

Number of Occassions Species Heard 2006

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Number of Occassions of Number

AT Bf FT GF PF EST GTf SLF WF None NCF NSP UCF Species

 Northern Spring Peeper heard the most (66).  N. Spring Peeper and Green Frog heard at the most locations (15).  Upland Chorus Frog (3) and Wood Frog (7) heard the least. Overall Summary 2002-2006

SCDI 2002 - 2006 SCDI is a species diversity 0.19 index based on 0.18 frog calls. 0.17 This index should not be compared 0.16

SCDI Value to other species 0.15 diversity indices. 0.14 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year

 Overall SCDI values for all sites and species gradually got worse each year up to 2005, then became slightly better in 2006.  2005 had the worst overall SCDI value. (0.1870669)  2002 had the best overall SCDI value. (0.160067) Call Index for American Toad

Call Index for American Toad 2002 - 2006

120 100 80 60 40

Call Index Value 20 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year

 Call index values for the American Toad gradually decreased from 2002-2005, then rose in 2006.  Due to dry years, bad environmental health (pollution factors), unusually warm or cool weather, etc. Call Indexes for each Species 2005-2006

Call Index for each Species 2002 - 2006

600 AT 500 Bf FT 400 GTf 300 GF 200 NCF NSP Call Index Value 100 PF 0 SLF 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 UCF Year WF

 Call index for Gray Treefrog (GTf) rose in 2003 but gradually declined after 2003.  Call index for Green Frog (GF) and Bullfrog (Bf) rose in 2004 then dropped in 2005 and 2006. Yearly Comparison Table (2002-2006)

Location Species Heard At: Species Call Index

YEAR SCDI > # species < # species Best SCDI Worst SCDI > # locations < # locations Greatest Least

(10) WOOD, 0.138 (15) GTf, (467) 2002 0.160067 CASH, (6) MIDW SALA, 0.249 MIDW (2) UCF (2) UCF NCF, NSP NCF RANG RANG

0.136 (15) NCF, (365) 2003 0.165458 (10) MERG (4) ROGU 0.301 PEEP (0) UCF (0) UCF NEWM NSP NCF

(6) PEEP, 0.146 (15) NSP, (451) 2004 0.168444 (11) MERG 0.319 MIDW (3) UCF (6) UCF HARD KNO2 NCF, GF, SLF NCF

(9) UHL1, NEWM, (6) PEEP, 0.169 (15) GTf, GF, (412) 2005 0.187067 0.308 PEEP (1) AT (3) UCF MERG, POWE RANG NCF, NSP NCF HOBB

(10) HOBB, (483) 2006 0.176167 HARD, (5) POWE 0.144 UHL1 0.307 SALA (15) NSP, GF (3) UCF (3) UCF NCF KNO2 Conclusions

 SCDI indicates species diversity is decreasing, 2005 worst year  2005 dry year having negative affects on frog population, severely affecting American Toad population  Upland Chorus Frog heard at fewest locations across most years  Northern Cricket Frog, and Northern Spring Peeper heard at the most locations  Peeper Pond, Powerline Swamp, and Midway Branch worst sites for species diversity and number of species at location  Better sites for species diversity heard: Range Pond  Salamander went from best SCDI in 2002 to the worst SCDI in 2006  Pond has dried out