Freaky Frogs of West Virginia
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Helminth Communities in the Northern Spring Peeper, Pseudacris C. Crucifer Wied, and the Wood Frog, Rana Sylvatica Le Conte, from Southeastern Wisconsin
J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 63(2), 1996, pp. 211-214 Helminth Communities in the Northern Spring Peeper, Pseudacris c. crucifer Wied, and the Wood Frog, Rana sylvatica Le Conte, from Southeastern Wisconsin H. RANDALL YODER AND JAMES R. COGGINS Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 ABSTRACT: Fifteen spring peepers and 20 wood frogs were collected in April 1993 from 2 temporary ponds in southeastern Wisconsin. Five species of adult and larval nematodes, 4 species of adult and larval trematodes, and 1 larval cestode infected wood frogs. Spring peepers harbored 1 adult and 1 larval nematode species as well as 1 adult and 5 larval trematode species. Sixteen of 20 (80%) wood frogs were infected with helminths. Mean species richness and mean helminth abundance were 2.15 and 4.90, respectively. Eight of 15 (53%) spring peepers were infected. Only 1 individual was infected by more than 1 helminth species and only 1 parasite species infected more than 1 spring peeper. Low prevalence and intensities of helminths as well as low diversity within infracommunities suggest depauperate, isolationist helminth communities in these 2 populations of anurans. This work represents new records for 5 helminth species in Wisconsin wood frogs and 3 helminth species in Wisconsin spring peepers. KEY WORDS: Rana sylvatica, Pseudacris crucifer, Oswaldocruzia pipiens, Cosmocercoides dukae, Rhabdias ranae, Glypthelmins pennsylvaniensis, Hematoloechus varioplexus, Fibricola texensis, Alaria mustelae, diplo- stomula, mesocercaria, Wisconsin. Rana sylvatica Le Conte is found from New and wet weight (g) were recorded. The external surfaces Brunswick to eastern Manitoba and south to as well as the mouth and eustachian tubes, the internal organs, including the brain, and the musculature of the Georgia and eastern Texas (Vogt, 1981). -
Toads Have Warts... and That's Good! | Nature Detectives | Summer 2021
Summer 2021 TOADS HAVE WARTS…AND THAT’S GOOD! Warts on your skin are not good. Warts can occur when a virus sneaks into human skin through a cut. A medicine gets rid of the virus and then it’s good-bye ugly wart. Toad warts look slightly like human warts, but toad warts and people warts are not one bit the same. Toad warts are natural bumps on a toad’s back. Toads have larger lumps behind their eyes. The bumps and lumps are glands. The glands produce a whitish goo that is a foul-tasting and smelly poison. The poison is a toad’s ultimate defense in a predator attack. It is toxic enough to kill small animals, if they swallow enough of it. The toxin can cause skin and eye irritation in humans. Some people used to think toad warts were contagious. Touching a toad can’t cause human warts, but licking a toad might make you sick! Toads have other defenses too. Their camouflage green/gray/brown colors blend perfectly into their surroundings. They can puff up with air to look bigger, and maybe less appetizing. Pull Out and Save Pull Out and Pick one up, and it might pee on your hand. Toads Travel, Frogs Swim Toads and frogs are amphibians with some similarities and quite a few differences. Amphibians spend all or part of their life in water. Frogs have moist, smooth skin that loses moisture easily. A toad’s dry, bumpy skin doesn’t lose water as easily as frog skin. Frogs are always in water or very near it, otherwise they quickly dehydrate and die. -
Spotted Chorus Frog
This Article From Reptile & Amphibian Profiles From February, 2005 The Cross Timbers Herpetologist Newsletter of the Dallas-Fort Worth Herpetological Society Dallas-Fort Worth Herpetological Society is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organiza- tion whose mission is: To promote understanding, appreciation, and conservation Spotted Chorus Frog ( Pseudacris clarkii ) of reptiles and amphibians, to encourage respect for their By Michael Smith habitats, and to foster respon- Texas winters can be cold, with biting loud for a frog of such small size. As the frogs sible captive care. winds and the occasional ice storm. But Texas brace against prairie grasses in the shallow wa- winters are often like the tiny north Texas ter, the throats of the males expand into an air- towns of Santo or Venus – you see them com- filled sac and call “wrret…wrret…wrret” to All articles and photos remain ing down the road, but if you blink twice nearby females. under the copyright of the au- you’ve missed them. And so, by February we Spotted chorus frogs are among the small thor and photographer. This often have sunny days where a naturalist’s and easily overlooked herps of our area, but publication may be redistributed thoughts turn to springtime. Those earliest they are beautiful animals with interesting life- in its original form, but to use the sunny days remind us that life and color will article or photos, please contact: return to the fields and woods. styles. [email protected] In late February or early March, spring Classification rains begin, and water collects in low places. -
TERRITORY SIZE - What Is the Territory Size for the Species?
ANURA TERRITORY SIZE - What is the territory size for the species? Species Common Name Territory Size Bufonidae True Frogs Bufo a. americanus Eastern American Toad Unk (Oldham 1966) Bufo fowleri Fowler's Toad Unk (Stille 1952, Clarke 1974a, Breden 1988) Bufo quercicus Oak Toad Unk Bufo terrestris Southern Toad Unk Hylidae Treefrogs Acris c. crepitans Eastern Cricket Frog Unk Acris c. blanchardi Blanchard's Cricket Frog none (Pyburn 1958); 30 cm radius (Perrill & Shepherd 1989) Acris g. gryllus Coastal Plain Cricket Frog Unk Hyla andersonii Pine Barrens Treefrog Unk Hyla chrysoscelis Cope’s Gray Treefrog Unk Hyla cinerea Green Treefrog Unk Hyla femoralis Pine Woods Treefrog Unk Hyla gratiosa Barking Treefrog N Hyla squirella Squirrel Treefrog Unk Hyla versicolor Gray Treefrog Unk Pseudacris brachyphona Mountain Chorus Frog Unk Pseudacris brimleyi Brimley’s Chorus Frog Unk Pseudacris c. crucifer Northern Spring Peeper 1.2 - 5.4 m (Delzell 1958) Pseudacris feriarum Upland Chorus Frog Unk Pseudacris feriarum kalmi New Jersey Chorus Frog Unk Pseudacris ocularis Little Grass Frog Unk Pseudacris triseriata Western Chorus Frog 7.5 cm (Roble 1985) Pelobatidae Spadefoot Toads Scaphiopus holbrookii Eastern Spadefoot 10 sq m (Pearson 1955) Ranidae True Frogs Rana catesbeiana American Bullfrog 2.5m2 (8.6 ft diam.in pond) (Currie and Bellis 1969) Rana clamitans melanota Northern Green Frog 61 sq m (Martof 1956b) Rana palustris Pickerel Frog Unk Rana pipiens Northern Leopard Frog 5 - 10 m (Dole 1965) Rana septentrionalis Mink Frog Unk Rana sphenocephala Southern Leopard Frog Unk Rana sylvatica Wood Frog 64.5 sq m (Bellis 1965) Rana virgatipes Carpenter Frog 0.5 - 6.5 m Microhylidae Narrow-mouthed Frogs Gastrophryne carolinensis Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad Unk Territory Size Codes: State in m2 or km2, Unk = unknown. -
1 Project T-107-D-1: Demography, Community Dynamics, and Health of Reintroduced Wood Frog Populations and Resident Amphibian
Project T-107-D-1: Demography, community dynamics, and health of reintroduced wood frog populations and resident amphibian communities in restored ephemeral wetlands and oak woodlands in Lake County, IL. State Wildlife Grant Final Performance Report February 28, 2016-December 20, 2018 Submitted by Rachel Santymire [email protected] Lincoln Park Zoo, Department of Conservation & Science, 2001 N Cannon Dr, Chicago, IL 60614 Executive Summary Several decades of habitat degradation dramatically affected a historic assemblage of amphibians in the Upper Des Plaines region of Illinois (Sacerdote 2009). Forms of degradation included implementation of agricultural drainage tile in amphibian breeding sites, proliferation of invasive shrubs (Sacerdote and King 2014), and a history of fire suppression. These activities altered forest composition which affected pond water chemistry (Sacerdote and King 2009) and resulted in a lack of oak tree recruitment in northern Illinois. In 1999-2000, the Lake County Forest Preserve District (LCFPD) implemented a major habitat restoration initiative in MacArthur Woods Forest Preserve, focused on restoring the hydrology of the site, rehydrating 100 acres of wetland and 300 acres of hydric soil (Klick 2003). Hydrologic restoration was followed by monitoring of the amphibian community to examine whether three species of extirpated amphibians, wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum), and spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer) would naturally recolonize the site. When natural recolonization did not occur, Dr. Sacerdote-Velat (project co-PI) and LCFPD carried out a feasibility assessment for egg mass and larval translocation followed by implementation of reintroduction of these three species. After several years of monitoring, successful reproduction of wood frogs was first observed in 2014. -
Species of Greatest Conservation Need Species Accounts
2 0 1 5 – 2 0 2 5 Species of Greatest Conservation Need Species Accounts Appendix 1.4C-Amphibians Amphibian Species of Greatest Conservation Need Maps: Physiographic Provinces and HUC Watersheds Species Accounts (Click species name below or bookmark to navigate to species account) AMPHIBIANS Eastern Hellbender Northern Ravine Salamander Mountain Chorus Frog Mudpuppy Eastern Mud Salamander Upland Chorus Frog Jefferson Salamander Eastern Spadefoot New Jersey Chorus Frog Blue-spotted Salamander Fowler’s Toad Western Chorus Frog Marbled Salamander Northern Cricket Frog Northern Leopard Frog Green Salamander Cope’s Gray Treefrog Southern Leopard Frog The following Physiographic Province and HUC Watershed maps are presented here for reference with conservation actions identified in the species accounts. Species account authors identified appropriate Physiographic Provinces or HUC Watershed (Level 4, 6, 8, 10, or statewide) for specific conservation actions to address identified threats. HUC watersheds used in this document were developed from the Watershed Boundary Dataset, a joint project of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Physiographic Provinces Central Lowlands Appalachian Plateaus New England Ridge and Valley Piedmont Atlantic Coastal Plain Appalachian Plateaus Central Lowlands Piedmont Atlantic Coastal Plain New England Ridge and Valley 675| Appendix 1.4 Amphibians Lake Erie Pennsylvania HUC4 and HUC6 Watersheds Eastern Lake Erie -
AMPHIBIANS of OHIO F I E L D G U I D E DIVISION of WILDLIFE INTRODUCTION
AMPHIBIANS OF OHIO f i e l d g u i d e DIVISION OF WILDLIFE INTRODUCTION Amphibians are typically shy, secre- Unlike reptiles, their skin is not scaly. Amphibian eggs must remain moist if tive animals. While a few amphibians Nor do they have claws on their toes. they are to hatch. The eggs do not have are relatively large, most are small, deli- Most amphibians prefer to come out at shells but rather are covered with a jelly- cately attractive, and brightly colored. night. like substance. Amphibians lay eggs sin- That some of these more vulnerable spe- gly, in masses, or in strings in the water The young undergo what is known cies survive at all is cause for wonder. or in some other moist place. as metamorphosis. They pass through Nearly 200 million years ago, amphib- a larval, usually aquatic, stage before As with all Ohio wildlife, the only ians were the first creatures to emerge drastically changing form and becoming real threat to their continued existence from the seas to begin life on land. The adults. is habitat degradation and destruction. term amphibian comes from the Greek Only by conserving suitable habitat to- Ohio is fortunate in having many spe- amphi, which means dual, and bios, day will we enable future generations to cies of amphibians. Although generally meaning life. While it is true that many study and enjoy Ohio’s amphibians. inconspicuous most of the year, during amphibians live a double life — spend- the breeding season, especially follow- ing part of their lives in water and the ing a warm, early spring rain, amphib- rest on land — some never go into the ians appear in great numbers seemingly water and others never leave it. -
The Tenth Challenge Walking with Miskwaadesi the Tenth Challenge FROG FRIENDS and MORE
10. FROG FRIENDS AND MORE 1. THIRTEEN 9. HOW MUCH MOONS ON WATER IS THERE? A TURTLE’S BACK 8. WATER 2. CREATION WALKING FOR STORIES MISKWAADESI AND AKI 3. THE BASICS 7. TURTLES EVERYWHERE! 4. TURTLE 6. TURTLE NEEDS STORIES AND TEACHINGS 5. MISKWAADESI’S NEIGHBOURS AND FRIENDS THE TENTH CHALLENGE WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI THE TENTH CHALLENGE FROG FRIENDS AND MORE Who lives in your neighbourhood wetland? How healthy are our wet places- could Miskwaadesi live there? What role does the frog play in keeping a wetland healthy? Go out and listen for frogs and record when you hear them welcome the new season with their songs. Complete the pond study and give your wetland its very own health report card. ”…my 10th challenge is to come down to the water. It is spring and the first birds are coming back. The frogs are beginning to sing their thanksgiving song of joy. Come down to the water. Listen to the frogs - what are they saying? Record the frog clans that live in your waterways. Look at the little creatures who live in and around the water. Come down to the water and become close to the spirit of the water and the land.” Miskwaadesi’s 10th challenge. 260 EXPECTATIONS PRACTICING THE LEARNING | FOLLOWING THE FOOTSTEPS TITLE OF ACTIVITY ONTARIO CURRICULUM EXPECTATION WORKSHEET Planning and gathering 4s4, 4s10, 4s6 Getting Ready to Go equipment A Visit to the Pond 4s21, 4s15, 4s6 Field trip DEMONSTRATING THE LEARNING | MAKING OUR OWN FOOTSTEPS TITLE OF ACTIVITY ONTARIO CURRICULUM EXPECTATION WORKSHEET Field trip and survey Frog Watch 4s6, 4s19 worksheet Wetland Report Card 4s4, 4s14 Chart/table Journal Reflection 4s5, 4s15 ONE STEP MORE (individual student optional adventures in learning) 1. -
Western Chorus Frog (Pseudacris Triseriata), Great Lakes/ St
PROPOSED Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series Recovery Strategy for the Western Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata), Great Lakes/ St. Lawrence – Canadian Shield Population, in Canada Western Chorus Frog 2014 1 Recommended citation: Environment Canada. 2014. Recovery Strategy for the Western Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata), Great Lakes / St. Lawrence – Canadian Shield Population, in Canada [Proposed], Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series, Environment Canada, Ottawa, v + 46 pp For copies of the recovery strategy, or for additional information on species at risk, including COSEWIC Status Reports, residence descriptions, action plans and other related recovery documents, please visit the Species at Risk (SAR) Public Registry (www.sararegistry.gc.ca). Cover illustration: © Raymond Belhumeur Également disponible en français sous le titre « Programme de rétablissement de la rainette faux-grillon de l’Ouest (Pseudacris triseriata), population des Grands Lacs et Saint-Laurent et du Bouclier canadien, au Canada [Proposition] » © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2014. All rights reserved. ISBN Catalogue no. Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. Recovery Strategy for the Western Chorus Frog 2014 (Great Lakes / St. Lawrence – Canadian Shield Population) PREFACE The federal, provincial, and territorial government signatories under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996) agreed to establish complementary legislation and programs that provide for effective protection of species at risk throughout Canada. Under the Species at Risk Act (S.C. 2002, c.29) (SARA), the federal competent ministers are responsible for the preparation of recovery strategies for listed Extirpated, Endangered, and Threatened species and are required to report on progress within five years of the publication of the final document on the Species at Risk Public Registry. -
Factors Affecting the Predator-Prey Relationship Between Predaceous Diving Beetle Larvae
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1986 Factors Affecting the Predator-Prey Relationship Between Predaceous Diving Beetle Larvae (Dytiscus fasciventris) and Two Anuran Tadpole Species (Bufo americanus and Hyla crucifer) Todd S. Campbell Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in Zoology at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Campbell, Todd S., "Factors Affecting the Predator-Prey Relationship Between Predaceous Diving Beetle Larvae (Dytiscus fasciventris) and Two Anuran Tadpole Species (Bufo americanus and Hyla crucifer)" (1986). Masters Theses. 2728. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/2728 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THESIS REPRODUCTION CERTIFICATE TO: Graduate Degree Candidates who have written formal theses. SUBJECT: Permission to reproduce theses. The University Library is rece1vmg a number of requests from other institutions asking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow theses to be copied. Please sign one of the following statements: Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that instituHon' s library or research holdings. Date Author I respectfully request Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University not allow my thesis be reproduced because ��-�� Date Author m Factors Affecting The Predator-Prey Relationship Between Predaceous Diving Beetle Larvae (Dytiscus fasciventris) And Two Anuran Tadpole Species (Bufo americanus and Hyl a crucifer) . -
Naturally Occurring Fluorescence in Frogs
Naturally occurring fluorescence in frogs Carlos Taboadaa,b, Andrés E. Brunettic, Federico N. Pedronb,d, Fausto Carnevale Netoc, Darío A. Estrinb,d, Sara E. Barib, Lucía B. Chemese, Norberto Peporine Lopesc,1, María G. Lagoriob,d,1, and Julián Faivovicha,f,1 aDivisión Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina; bInstituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; cFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-903, Brazil; dDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; eProtein Structure-Function and Engineering Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; and fDepartamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina Edited by Jerrold Meinwald, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved February 9, 2017 (received for review January 19, 2017) Fluorescence, the absorption of short-wavelength electromagnetic dorsum of living adults of both sexes (Fig. 1D). Both spectral radiation reemitted at longer wavelengths, has been suggested to profiles presented excitation maxima of 390−430 nm and emission play several biological roles in metazoans. This phenomenon is maxima at 450−470 nm (blue), with a shoulder at 505−515 nm uncommon in tetrapods, being restricted mostly to parrots and (green) giving an overall cyan coloration and showing no evident marine turtles. -
How Photons Start Vision DENIS BAYLOR Department of Neurobiology, Sherman Fairchild Science Building, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 93, pp. 560-565, January 1996 Colloquium Paper This paper was presented at a coUoquium entitled "Vision: From Photon to Perception," organized by John Dowling, Lubert Stryer (chair), and Torsten Wiesel, held May 20-22, 1995, at the National Academy of Sciences in Irvine, CA. How photons start vision DENIS BAYLOR Department of Neurobiology, Sherman Fairchild Science Building, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 ABSTRACT Recent studies have elucidated how the ab- bipolar and horizontal cells. Light absorbed in the pigment acts sorption of a photon in a rod or cone cell leads to the to close cationic channels in the outer segment, causing the generation of the amplified neural signal that is transmitted surface membrane of the entire cell to hyperpolarize. The to higher-order visual neurons. Photoexcited visual pigment hyperpolarization relays visual information to the synaptic activates the GTP-binding protein transducin, which in turn terminal, where it slows ongoing transmitter release. The stimulates cGMP phosphodiesterase. This enzyme hydrolyzes cationic channels in the outer segment are controlled by the cGMP, allowing cGMP-gated cationic channels in the surface diffusible cytoplasmic ligand cGMP, which binds to channels membrane to close, hyperpolarize the cell, and modulate in darkness to hold them open. Light closes channels by transmitter release at the synaptic terminal. The kinetics of lowering the cytoplasmic concentration of cGMP. The steps reactions in the cGMP cascade limit the temporal resolution that link light absorption to channel closure in a rod are of the visual system as a whole, while statistical fluctuations illustrated schematically in Fig.