Inventaire Des Archives Des Challant

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Inventaire Des Archives Des Challant BIBLIOTHÈQUE DE L'ARCHIVUM AUGUSTANUM PAR LES SOINS DES ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES RÉGIONALES INVENTAIRE DES ARCHIVES DES CHALLANT PAR JOSEPH~CÉSAR PERRIN TOME PREMIER 61291 AOSTE 1974 ......................AA.22 . ....................JI.Ill . .......................1!;I; . PR~FACE Deux collections parallèles prennent ces ;ours-ci leur essor: la Bibliothèque de l'Archivum Augustanum et les Monumenta liturgica Ecclesiae Augustanae dont les deux premiers volumes sont actuelle­ ment sous presse. Cela a pu se réaliser grâce à la collaboration dévouée du personnel et des amis des Archives Historiques Régionales, ainsi qu'au mécénat du Gouvernement valddtain. Nous avons conçu ces deux collections comme un complément logique et nécessaire aux publications annuelles de l'Archivum Augus­ tanum et des Recherches sur l'ancienne liturgie d'Aoste. La Bibliothèque et les Monumenta s'inspirent des mêmes prin­ cipes méthodologiques et prétendent atteindre les mêmes buts scien­ tifiques. Ce premier volume de la Bibliothèque renferme la première partie de l'inventaire d'un de nos fonds d'archives les plus presti­ gieux: celui des comtes de Challant. Trois ans à peine viennent de s'écouler depuis l'acquisition des Archives Challant de la part des Archives Historiques Régionales, et voilà que M. ].-e. Perrin a réussi, grâce à son abnégation et à sa per­ sévérance, à parachever l'inventaire de ce fonds incomparable. L'Inventaire des Archives des Challant constituera une trilogie d'une importance capitale pour l'histoire de la Vallée d'Aoste et des anciens Etats de Savoie. En même temps que cet inventaire d'archives, paraissent chez VI Préface deux imprimeries différentes, mais suivant les mêmes principes typo­ graphiques, deux autres volumes (Ile et Ille de la collection), d'un genre divers, mais d'une égale valeur scientifique: il s'agit des Etudes Maistriennes par M. le Prof. Jean Rebotton, de Reims, et du premier tome des Testaments des seigneurs de Challant, par M. le Professeur Orphée Zanolli. Le programme de notre Bibliothèque se présente vaste et varié: inventaires d'archives et de bibliothèques, éditions de sources narra­ tives et documentaires, de cartulaires et de registres, monographies concernant l'histoire médiévale et moderne de la Vallée d'Aoste,. tout cela trouvera une large hospitalité dans cette nouvelle collection, qui ne manquera pas de contribuer à une connaissance plus approfondie des richesses insoupçonnées du patrimonie historique de la Vallée d'Aoste. LIN COLLIARD Directeur des Archives Historiques Régionales INTRODUCTION En 1460 le chroniqueur de la maison de Challant, Pierre du Bois, écrivait: «Et sont ceulx de la noble et ancienne et haulte maison de Challand la plus magnifique et exellente maison plus renommée selon son estat, non pas seulement au noble pays de Savoye, mais deçà mer, la plus exauchée et auctorisée par la vertu des enfans qui en son salli a eu grand conduicte et de bruyt ».1 Pierre du Bois avait été le secrétaire du comte Jacques de Challant 2 et il écrivait cette Chronique pour en honorer la mémoire. L'on pourrait donc croire que ces louanges furent dictées par un esprit de servilité. Mais au XVIIe siècle, un autre historien valdôtain reprenait le même thème avec des termes plus flatteurs encore: «Si bien la très illustre et opulente famille de Challant ne se lit pas la plus ancienne du duché, si est ce neanmoings qu'elle à tous;ours heu et tient le rang de la plus auguste et cellebre d'entre les vassaux, tant pour sa très noble origine que pour les haut1. degré1., charges et delegations qu'elle a supereminement heu et possedé tant près des personnes de leurs AA.SS. nos souverains, memorables gestes et haut1. faÎt1. et exploÎt1. en guerre, deffence de la patrie, que pour les rares exemples et eru- 1 PIBRllB DU BOIS, Chronique de la maison de Challant, par les soins de O. Za· nolli, in Archivum Augustanum, IV, Aoste 1970, p. 21. 2 Lui.même le dit dans sa Chronique: « Car f ay seulement en brief, sans glosse, euript ce que f ay veu, oy, entendu et de verité sceu, le passé que f ay servi ledict Jacques, lout le temps qr/il a veuu, de qui festoye familier secretare, sans jamais changer de maistre jusques a sa fin» (Cf. Ibidem, p. 110). VIII f.-C. Perrin ditions de tant de personnages de la maison... ».3 Au siècle suivant, le père de l'histoire valdôtaine, Jean-Baptiste de Tillier, n'épargnait pas, lui non plus, ses éloges envers cette noble Maison.4 Cette constante à travers les siècles, même si elle révèle l'ha­ bitude des temps révolus à la grandiloquence, aux éloges flatteurs et à l'idéalisation des portraits, démontre cependant les égards et l'estime que l'on avait pour cette famille et la considération qu'elle avait su mériter. Il est en effet indéniable que la famille de Challant fut la plus importante des familles nobles valdôtaines par sa puissance écono­ mique, politique et culturelle et qu'à l'apogée de sa fortune elle riva­ lisa avec la plus haute noblesse des Etats de Savoie. Sa montée com­ mença à la fin du XIe siècle et atteignit le plus haut degré d'élévation avec le comte René de Challant (t 1565). Depuis lors commença le long déclin jusqu'à l'extinction de la famille, survenue le 2 mai 1802 par la mort du jeune Maurice-Jules-Charles-Hyacinthe-François de Challant, âgé à peine de sept ans. L'origine de la famille est inconnue. Quelques historiens mo­ dernes, à l'instar de J.-C. Mochet,5 J.-B. de Tillier 6 et d'autres encore, la disent de souche aléramique des marquis du Montferrat à cause de la ressemblance des armoiries.' Mais l'affirmation est douteuse, faute de preuves sûres à cet égard. Le premier membre connu de la famille est un certain Boson, que l'on rencontre dans l'acte de donation de plusieurs droits, faite l'an 1100 à l'église de Chambave par le comte Humbert II de 'JEAN-CLAUDE MOCHET, Porfil historial et diagraphique de la très antique cité d'Aouste, par les soins des Archives Historiques Régionales, Aoste 1968, p. 337. • «Ancienne et très illustre famille du du~hé d'Aoste qu'on tient par tradition et par tiltres tirer son origine des marquis souverains du Montferrat de la premiere ra~e, et une des plus distinguées et des plus ~onsiderables qu'il y ait eu dans les anciens Etats de la royale maison de Savoye, tant par ses ri~hesses, par les grandes allian~es que par les importants emplois e~clesiastiques et se~uliers desquels ont eth revetus les seigneurs qui en sont su~~essivement des~endus, ainsy qtlon le verra dans la genealogie raisonnée suivante ». Cf. JEAN-BAPTISTE DE TILLIER, Nobiliaire du Du~hé d'Aoste, par les soins d'André Zanotto, Aoste 1970, p. 83. , J.-c. MOCHET, op. cit., p. 338. • J.-B. DE TILLIER, Historique de la Vallée d'Aoste, première édition intégrale, Aoste 1966, p. 111. 7 Cf. par exemple A.-P. FRUTAZ, Le fonti per la storia della Valle d'Aosta, Roma 1966, p. 57-58. Introduction IX Savoie. Il souscrIvIt cette donation par ces termes: «Ego boso uicecomes laudo et affirmo cartam siue donacionem quam dominus Umbertus comes fecit sacratissimo cenobio fructuariense» 8. Ce Boson apparaît donc revêtu de la dignité de la vicomté que la famille de Challant possédait en effet au XIIe et au XIIIe siècle. Les prérogatives et les droits de la vicomté sont mentionnés dans un acte d'échange conclu entre Ebal de Challant et le comte Amédée V de Savoie: « ... permutaverunt ... vicecomitatum et iura et pertinencias et raciones ipsius vicecomitatus quecumque sint et qualitercumque et ubicumque et quocumque nomine censeantur civi­ tatis Auguste et suburbiorum et pertinenciarum ipsius quantum banna ipsius protenduntur ac eciam tocius vallis Auguste... Item tradunt iuridicionem totalem et iusticiam altam et bassam et exercicium ipsius iurisdicionis in civitate Auguste et infra banna ipsius civitatis et eciam in dicta tota valle racione ipsius vicecomitatus ipsis compe­ tentes. Item omnia banna sexaginta solidorum et infra et omnia banna falsarum mensurarum quecumque res mensurentur vel ponde­ rentur vel appendentur. Item omnia iura recipiendi cauciones satisda­ ciones vel alias securitates. Item quintam partem omnium bannorum et escbeytarum summam sexaginta solidorum excedencium. Item ius capiendi et detinendi et custodiendi illos qui capiuntur. Item custo­ diendi campos campionum et percipiendi omnia que percipi bac de causa racione vicecomitatus percipere consueverunt. Item omnia banna adulterium vel strupum comitencium. Item omnia dupla causa­ rum ventilatarum non finitarum et ventilandarum. Item cancellariam vicedannatum mistraliam, salvis iuribtis feudatariorum. Item cartas augustanas et ius in ipsis competens et pro ipsis que omnia tld ipsos pertinent et pertinere debent ut asserunt in dicta civitate et· infra banna ipsius et eciam in dicta tota valle occaxione et racione dicti vicecomitatus. Item feudum de Rupe quod est feudum unius equi. Item domum suam fortem que vocatur Porta Biatricis cum borto... Item feudum totum quodab ipso domino Eballo tenent et tenere debent liberi quondam Iacomini de Amavilla et omnia usagia inde • Cf. Historiae Patriae Monumenta, Chartarum, tomus 1, Augustae TaUtinorum MDCCCXXXVI, col. 730. La transcription du document, faite d'après une copie syn­ chrone des Archives de la prévôté de Saint-Gilles de Verrès, est due au chanoine Antoine Gal, membre de la Regia Deputazione di Storia Patria. x r-C. Perrin debita et generaliter quicquid habent, tenent, possident veZ quasi vel habere debent seu possint in dicta civitate et infra banna ipsius, excepta domo sua que vocatur Turris Nova exceptis curtilibus et aliis dicte turri adiacentibus... ».9 Les Challant conservèrent le titre de vicomtes jusqu'au 24 sep­ tembre 1295. A cette date en effet le seigneur Ebal le Grand de Challant échangea la vicomté d'Aoste et ses droits avec le comte Amédée V de Savoie, recevant en contrepartie la moitié du fief de Montjovet, parvenue de Faydit de Montjovet.10 Le 13 avril 11 1200 Boson III de Challant reçut en fief du comte de Savoie le château de Villa, dans la paroisse de Challant.
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