FINAL REPORT MMS-CONSOL: Concrete Solutions

A standard-setting project for graffiti management, surface cleaning and patch repair of historic concrete, utilizing the Marine Stadium as a test site.

Prepared for:

Friends of Miami Marine Stadium 337 Palermo Avenue Coral Gables, FL 33134 Attn: Larry Johnson and Jorge Hernandez [email protected]

Getty Foundation 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 800 Los Angeles, CA 90049-1685 Attn: Antoine Wilmering, Senior Program Officer

Prepared by: RLA Conservation, Inc. John Fidler Preservation Technology Inc. Lynch & Ferraro Engineering, Inc.

Published with the assistance of the Getty Foundation as part of its Keeping It Modern initiative.

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TRANSMITTAL LETTER

Friends of Miami Marine Stadium RLA Conservation, Inc. Attn: Jorge Hernandez 4728 NE Miami Place, 337 Palermo Avenue Miami, FL 33137 Coral Gables, FL 33134 cc: Getty Foundation Keeping it Modern Initiative Attn: Antoine Wilmering, Senior Program Officer 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 800 Los Angeles, CA 90049-1685 February 29, 2016

Re: MMS-CONSOL: Concrete Solutions - a standard-setting project for graffiti management, surface cleaning and patch repair of historic concrete utilizing the Miami Marine Stadium as a test site.

Dear Jorge,

It is with great pleasure that the MMS-CONSOL Project Team submits its final report to the Friends of the Miami Marine Stadium (FoMMS), in fulfilment of the Getty Foundation’s Keeping It Modern grant.

Please review the attached document, and if found to be satisfactory, forward a copy to Ton Wilmering at the Getty Center in Los Angeles. We shall follow up with our financial report shortly so that your application for the final grant payment can be made in due course.

As you are aware, the project team faced increasing and unforeseen challenges in carrying out our planned work at the Stadium. First of all, our test sites were attacked by vandals, and subsequently the City of Miami refused all and any access to the Stadium due to changes of administrative policy which we deemed short-sighted. Nonetheless, we have been able to achieve most of our original goals and can provide the FoMMS and the City with model technical approaches and specifications to aid in the Stadium’s restoration in due course.

We had hoped to include with our work a model demonstration of a visually minimalized cathodic protection scheme for the reinforced concrete, i.e., extra over our original planned commitments. But the contractors we invited to join the project were not able to offer an appropriate response in the time allowed. So we would encourage the FoMMS to persuade the City to carry out its own mockup trials well in advance of the main civil engineering contract works, as part of enabling activities, once the main refurbishment of the site gets underway. And if we can assist with the design and specification of such a trial, we should be happy to do so.

Sincerely,

Rosa Lowinger MMS-CONSOL Project Manager Rosa Lowinger & Associates iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. HISTORY OF THE STADIUM 3 3. PROJECT TEAM 7 4. PROJECT RATIONALE, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 10 5. DOCUMENTATION REVIEW 12 6. FIELD INVESTIGATIONS 13 • Surface and Materials Investigations 13 • Petrographic Examinations and Analysis 16 • Physical Testing 16 • Discussion of Concrete Material Testing 20 7. SYMPOSIUM: Layers Of Understanding - Graffiti and the Miami Marine 22 Stadium 8. DESIGN AND SPECIFICATION OF FIELD TRIALS 24 • Graffiti Removal 24 • Biocides and Concrete Cleaning 28 • Anti-graffiti Coatings and Barriers 29 • Structural Concrete Patch Repair Mixture Design and Performance 33 9. FIELD TRIALS 38 • Graffiti Removal 38 • Dirt and Biological Growth Removal 46 • Anti-graffiti Barrier Coatings 46 • Potential Graffiti Art Protection 49 • Concrete Patch Repairs 50 10. CONCLUSIONS 60 • General Context 60 • Limitations, Constra