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Measuring Perceptions on Politicization, Corruption and Control U N I V E R S I T A T E A D I N C R A I O V A F A C U L T A T E A D E Ş T I I N Ţ E S O C I A L E S P E C I A L I Z A R E A Ş T I I N Ţ E P O L I T I C E Nr. 32 • 2011 ---RREEEFFFEEERREEENNCCCEEESSS--- GHEORGHE VLĂDUŢESCU (Romanian Academy), ALEXANDRU BOBOC (Romanian Academy), FLORIN CONSTANTINIU (Romanian Academy), CRISTIAN PREDA (University of Bucharest), LAURENTIU VLAD (University of Bucharest), VLADIMIR OSIAC (University of Craiova), CĂTĂLIN BORDEIANU („Petre Andrei” University of Iaşi) ---IIINNTTEEERRNNAATTIIIOONNAALLL AADDVVIIISSSOORRYYY BBOOAARRDD--- MI HA I CI M POI P res id e nt o f th e A c ad emy o f t he R ep ub lic o f Mo ld av ia MI CHA E L RA DU Senior Fellow , Foreign Policy Research Institute, Co- Ch airm a n, FPR I ’ s C e nter o n Terrorism, Counter -Terrorism and Homeland Security , Philadelphia, USA YOHA NA N MA NOR, P rof es s o r, University de Jerusalem, Israel P res id e nt, Center for Monitoring the Impact of Peace (CMIP) JOZ E PI R JE VEC, P rof es s o r, University of Trieste, Italy PA TRI CI A G ONZ A LEZ -A L DEA P rof es s o r, University Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain OLI VE R FRI G GI E RI , P rof es s o r, University of Malta CRI STI NA BE JA N, Wadham College, Oxford, Great Britain SLA VC O A LMĂ JA N, Professor, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, President, „Argos” Center for Open Dialogue NI C U CI OBA N U P res id e nt, „Libertatea”Publishing House, Novi Sad, Serbia SA N DOR RI CH TER Senior Economist, Vienna Institute for International Economic Studi e s ( WI I W) JU NE T E UF EL DR EY ER P rof es s o r, Department of Political Science, University of Miami, USA HA SA N JA SHA RI P rof es s o r, South East European University, Tetovo, Macedonia JONUZ ABDULLAI P rof es s o r, South East European University, Tetovo, Macedonia SON JA B U NČI Č P rof es s o r,University Union, Faculty of L aw, Belgrade, Serbia HA RU N A RI KA N P rof es s o r, Cukurova University, A d an a, T ur key A LI PA JA Z I TI P rof es s o r, South East European University, Tetovo, Macedonia ---EEEDDIIITTOORRIIIAALLL BBOOAARRDD--- Editor in chief: AUREL PIŢURCĂ Deputy editor in chief: ION DEACONESCU Managing editors: ANCA PARMENA OLIMID, CĂTĂLINA MARIA GEORGESCU Editorial board: CEZAR AVRAM, VLADIMIR OSIAC, MIHAI COSTESCU, COSMIN LUCIAN GHERGHE, MIRON ROMAN, MIHAI GHIŢULESCU NNOOTTEEE ooofff ttthhheee EEEDDIIITTOORRIIIAALLL BBOOAARRDD Revista de Stiinte Politice. Revue des Sciences Politiques was evaluated and authorized by the National Council of Scientific Research in Superior Education (CNCSIS) in the B+ category – periodical publications indexed in international databases (May 2009) Revista de Stiinte Politice. Revue des Sciences Politiques is indexed by ProQuest, ProQuest Political Sciences, ProQuest 5000 International, EBSCO, Gale Cengage Learning, Index Copernicus, Georgetown University Library, DOAJ, Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Journal Seek, Intute Social Sciences. AADDDDRREEESSSSSS University of Craiova, 13 A. I. Cuza Street, Craiova, 200585, Dolj, Romania, Tel/Fax: +40251418515. © 2011- Editura Universitaria All rights reserved. All partial or total reproduction without the author’s written agreement is strictly forbidden. ISSN: 1584-224X http://cis01.central.ucv.ro/revistadestiintepolitice/ Revista de Ştiinţe Politice. Revue des Sciences Politiques • No. 32 • 2011 CUPRINS POLITICAL HISTORY: THOUGHT AND PRACTICE Emanuel COPILAŞ, The ‘patriotic guards’ and the ‘popular war doctrine’. On 7 the ideological scaffolding of Socialist Romania’s security policy Mihaela Camelia BUZATU, The adherence of national minorities to the 21 National Renaissance Front Adi Horatiu SCHWARZ, The Jewish Question - a particular political issue in 27 modern Romania POLITICS TODAY: HOW TO DEAL WITH THE RECENT ISSUES? Cătălina Maria GEORGESCU, Does the position make the difference? Measuring perceptions on politicization, corruption and control among civil 36 servants in public positions of leadership and execution Alexandru VOLACU, Uncertainty and the logic of imperfect ideological 50 integration Andreea NIŢĂ, Cultural phenomena and processes in contemporary society – 61 determinants of cultural policies Laura Elena MARINAŞ, Mihai Ovidiu CERCEL, The Role of Pre-Accession Non-Reimbursable Funds in Preparing the Access to and the Absorption of 70 Non-Reimbursable Assistance of the 2007-2013 Cristina ILIE GOGA, Policy of the Spanish state regarding immigration. Free 79 movement of Romanian workers restricted in Spain Roxana Maria PÎRVU, The impact of the world financial crisis on the 87 fulfilment of the convergence criteria Silviu Dorin GEORGESCU, Model of Analysis of Influencing Factors on the 104 Romanian Postal and Courier Services JUSTICE AND INTITUTIONAL REFORM: PATHS TO EU INTEGRATION George Liviu GÎRLEŞTEANU, The National Integrity Agency - autonomous 113 administrative authority Irina Olivia CĂLINESCU, Protection of right of property in the view of Civil 124 Code with regard to ECHR case-law Lavinia Elena SMARANDACHE, Credit institutions from the perspective of the 130 National Bank of Romania’s contribution to the publicity of the banking law Livia DUMITRESCU, The evolution of the criminal judicial cooperation in the 141 European Union Oana Maria BĂLAN, The interpretive law, between the different meanings 157 given by pedants and the abusive legislator’s intervention in jurisdictional Gabriela ALEXANDROIU, Preliminary ruling, the means of interpretation of 163 Community law 5 Revista de Ştiinţe Politice. Revue des Sciences Politiques • No. 32 • 2011 POLITICS & RELIGION: BUILDING UNITY WITHIN DIVERSITY Anca Parmena OLIMID, Understanding EU Conditionnality: A Conceptual Framework of National Sovereignty and Religious Freedom (Romania case 169 study) Raymond CANNING, Culture or Faith? Origins of Conflict in our Society. A 180 Catholic Perspective Robert W. HEFNER, Asian and Middle Eastern Islam 188 Gelu CĂLINA, The Disputes between Roman-Catholics and the 197 Anticlerical movement in France during the XVIII-XIX centuries Raluca DIMA, The European Union and transnational religion 204 BOOK REVIEW Anca Parmena Olimid, Istoria gândirii politice. Libertatea şi laicitatea în 217 spaţiul public european (secolele XIX-XXI) (Aurel PIŢURCĂ) 6 PPOOLLIIITTIIICCAALL HHIIISSTTOORRYY::: TTHHOOUUGGHHTT AANNDD PPRRAACCTTIIICCEE ORIGINAL PAPER Emanuel COPILAŞ The ‘patriotic guards’ and the ‘popular war doctrine’. On the ideological scaffolding of Socialist Romania’s security policy Emanuel COPILAŞ, West University of Timişoara, Faculty of Political Sciences, Philosophy and Communication Sciences Department of Political Sciences E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: „Prague spring”, or, in other words, Moscow’s intolerance for political and economical reforms challenging the communist monopoly in the „brotherly countries”, posed a considerable influence on the security policy of socialist Romania. It even led to major reinterpretations and reorganizations of the existent strategic conceptions. Accordingly, the „popular guards” were once again put in place, and the doctrine of „popular war” came to light. The constitutive extent in which these concepts were penetrated by the romantic-Leninist ideology constitutes the object of the present paper. Key words: romantic-Leninism, strategic thinking, „patriotic guards”, „popular war”, Warsaw Treaty. 7 Revista de Ştiinţe Politice. Revue des Sciences Politiques • No. 32 • 2011 Outlining romantic Leninism I have chosen to conceptualize the ideological structure of Romanian communism during the ‘Ceaușescu era’ under the name of romantic Leninism. An unusual mélange between different ideological extremes, romantic Leninism enters the stage once Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej’s young successor, Nicolae Ceaușescu, achieves and consolidates power. But romantic Leninism is much more than Ceaușescu’s thinking, despise the fact the latter represented the primary source which fueled it - reflecting a multitude of social tendencies, mentalities, bureaucratic inertias and ideological fidelities. The Leninist component of romantic Leninism is characterized by its permanent projective orientation in the sense of overcoming the ‘bourgeois’ world trough massive industrialization, considered to be validated by historic laws and, in general, trough intransigent attitude, ‘revolutionary vigilance’, oriented against any political or ideological shortcomings or ‘deviations’. The romantic component, on the other hand, includes the cult of heroism, exacerbated nationalist flares against all inside minorities, respectively for international affirmation, externally, the hypertrophyation of the party in relation to its leader, the general secretary of the Central Committee, a fascistic evolution, because only in fascist regimes the most important depository of legitimacy is the leader, not the party – and, in general, the importance accorded to the nation, a concept which the Romanian communists tried to ideologically aseptize trough, among others, a substantial contribution to the creation of a ‘new international order’. Leninism, romanticism, nationalism and fascism, paradoxically, but functionally, coexist inside this species of Leninism and confer it an unique identity, formed both by positivist elements, with an exacerbated modernity (Leninism), and form premodern elements (romanticism and nationalism). On short, a paramodern identity, which the regime tried to impose the society until its very last second of existence, hoping and acting trough any means possible to ideologically enroll an essentially hostile
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