DOCSLIB.ORG

International Human Rights Instruments

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Human Rights Instruments UNITED NATIONS HRI International Distr. Human Rights GENERAL Instruments HRI/CORE/1/Add.47 5 October 1994 ENGLISH Original : SPANISH CORE DOCUMENT FORMING PART OF THE REPORTS OF STATES PARTIES GUATEMALA (25 May 1994) TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs Page INTRODUCTION ........................ 1- 7 3 I. LAND AND PEOPLE ................... 8-187 3 A. Geographical data ............... 8- 26 3 B. Political and administrative structures .... 27- 29 8 C. Data on infrastructure and services ...... 30-100 9 D. Economic data ................. 101-138 17 E. Demographic data ................ 139-187 20 II. GENERAL POLITICAL STRUCTURE ............. 188-474 28 A. History and past political developments .... 188-445 28 B. System of government .............. 446-453 67 C. Structure of the organs of State: the executive, the legislature and the judiciary ....... 454-466 68 D. The Office of the Human Rights Procurator . 467 - 469 69 E. The Public Prosecutor’s Department and the Office of the National Procurator-General ....... 470-472 70 GE.94-19166 (94-95030/EXT) HRI/CORE/1/Add.47 page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Paragraphs Page II. (continued) F. The Presidential Commission for Coordinating Executive Policy in the Field of Human Rights . 473 - 474 70 III. GENERAL FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH HUMAN RIGHTS ARE PROTECTED .................... 475-596 71 A. Rights protected by the Constitution or by a declaration of rights and provisions relating to exceptions thereto ............. 475-505 71 B. Implementation of the principles of international instruments ........... 506-508 78 C. Judicial, administrative and other authorities competent in matters relating to human rights . 509 - 549 79 D. Remedies available to individuals alleging violations of any of their rights ....... 550-596 90 IV. INFORMATION AND PUBLICITY .............. 597-607 96 HRI/CORE/1/Add.47 page 3 INTRODUCTION 1. This report is submitted in response to the guidelines issued by the supervisory bodies established under the treaties, covenants and conventions on human rights. It is made up of chapters on the land and people, the general political structure, the general framework within which human rights are protected and information and publicity. Each chapter offers a brief informative overview of the most relevant elements within the State of Guatemala. 2. The data concerning the population must be viewed with appropriate reservations, since the sources consulted are not always up to date; in addition, some information is not available. Consequently for some items estimates have been made on the basis of data which is not always reliable. 3. The Government of Guatemala is aware of the lack of reliable sources of information, since the institutions concerned are processing data relating to 1992. 4. As regards the general political structure, a brief historical survey has been prepared covering the period running from before the arrival of the Spaniards up to the present day in order to provide a perspective permitting an understanding of the country’s social, political and economic problems. 5. The section on the general framework within which human rights are protected compares international law with Guatemala’s domestic legislation and shows that those rights are fully protected under the Constitution and general legislation. 6. On the subject of information and publicity, descriptions are provided of each of the individual measures in this field being taken within Guatemala in order to secure wider dissemination of information concerning knowledge of, respect for and enforcement of human rights. 7. With these considerations in mind the present report is submitted to the Commission on Human Rights. I. LAND AND PEOPLE A. Geographical data 1. Location 8. The Republic of Guatemala is the northernmost of the countries of Central America. Its boundaries touch Mexico on the north and west, the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, Honduras and El Salvador on the east and the Pacific Ocean on the south. It has a total area of 108,889 sq. km and is located between latitude parallels 13° 44 and 18°30 N. and longitude meridians 87° 24 and 92° 14 W. 9. It has a land area of approximately 106,320 sq. km (equivalent to 10,639,000 ha). Lakes and rivers occupy approximately 2,569 sq. km (the equivalent of 250,060 ha). HRI/CORE/1/Add.47 page 4 2. Climate 10. The climate in Guatemala varies from temperate to torrid and from humid to prehumid; but there are microclimatic variations. 11. The average temperature over the year varies between 28° C. in the coastal areas and 10° C. in the highlands. The maximum and minimum temperatures encountered in individual regions range from 42° C. to - 5° C. 12. The average annual rainfall over the country as a whole is 2,218 mm. In the altiplano it averages 1,600 mm annually. There are areas with an annual rainfall of as little as 500 mm and others in which as much as 6,000 mm is reported. The principal contributory factor to the rainfall is the meeting of two tropical systems; but tropical cyclones and cold fronts of Arctic origin also have an influence. 3. Hydrography 13. The Pacific coastal region has an area of approximately 23,380 sq. km. It is a band of territory almost parallel to the Pacific coast and extending from the peak of Niquihuil, on the Mexican frontier, to close to the mountain crest marking the meeting point of the frontiers of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. 14. The region facing the Gulf of Mexico has an area of approximately 52,910 sq. km. Its boundary extends from the end of the Pacific coastal region to the altiplano of the department of Totonicapán; follows the crestline forming the boundaries of the catchment area of the Motagua river, which flows into the Atlantic; continues along the crestline forming the beginning of the basin of the Polochic river (which flows into Lake Izabal) and the Cahabón river; skirts the edges of the Sierra de Chamá (or Santa Cruz); and finally cuts across part of the department of El Petén and the territory of Belize. 15. The Caribbean coastal region has an area of approximately 32,610 sq. km. It consists of the basins of the rivers which flow into that sea. 16. There are over 300 lakes and lagoons in the country. The largest is Lake Izabal, with a surface area of approximately 590 sq. km. The largest river is the Usumacinta, with a reported average flow of 1,776 cu.m/sec. Other major rivers are the Motagua, with an average flow of 189 cu.m/sec, and the Cahabón, with an average flow of 166 cu.m/sec. 17. Usable underground water is found mainly in the Pacific coastal region, the volcanic valleys of the altiplano and the valleys of the principal rivers. 4. Forests 18. The inhabited (bioclimatic) areas have been classified, using the Holdridge method, in 14 major categories. These are: - xerophytic subtropical; - dry subtropical; - wet temperate subtropical; HRI/CORE/1/Add.47 page 5 - wet warm subtropical; - very wet warm subtropical; - very wet cold subtropical; - wet hilly subtropical; - rainy hilly; - wet mountainous subtropical; - very wet mountainous subtropical; - dry hilly subtropical; - rainy subtropical; - very wet subtropical. 5. Structural geology of regions 19. Guatemala is located between two of the principal geological plates (or faults) in the Americas : the Caribbean plate and the Cocos plate in the Pacific ocean. This location makes Guatemala an area with a high level of seismic activity. Its surface regions are: (a) The Pacific coastal plain is a uniformly flat region lying between the coastline and the hilly area, rising to a height of 850 metres above sea level, consisting in particular of a series of closely interconnected alluvial valleys. Until some 40 years ago this region was one of thick and abundant forest. Today it is given over to intensive agriculture, stock-rearing and agro-industrial production, and mainly to the cultivation of agricultural produce for export. Typical of this region are the large areas of savanna and high water table levels and the mangrove forests in the coastal areas, where the animal wildlife generally has been decimated to such an extent that certain species have become extinct. (b) The volcanic chain is a strip of territory consisting of mountainous volcanic slopes. It begins at the contour line of 550 metres above sea level and reaches a height of 4,211 metres above sea level at the peak of Tajamulco volcano. It consists of two regions : a lower part, adjacent to the coastal area, and a higher part covered with cloud forest. Each of the volcanoes in the country has a specific flora and fauna which together form communities; some groups have adapted to the altitude to an extent which prevents them from expanding beyond the area of their particular volcanoes. In other words, each volcano is a bio-island the population of which cannot leave it. There are 33 volcanoes in Guatemala, all of them forming part of the chain which runs parallel to the Pacific. The volcanoes of over 3,000 metres in height include Tajamulco (4,220 m), Tacaná (4,092 m), Acatenango (3,935 m), Agua (3,766 m), Fuego (3,763 m), Santa María (3,700 m) and Atitlán (3,536 m). (c) The crystalline and sedimentary uplands form an extensive region made up of a mixture of mountain peaks and volcanic cones, plains and enclosed valleys. It comprises almost half of the country’s land HRI/CORE/1/Add.47 page 6 area and extends from the crestline of the Pacific chain in the south to the foothills of the Los Cuchumatanes, Chamá and Las Minas mountain ranges in the north. The complexity of the relief of this region has had a decisive influence on the geographical distribution of the different forms of life, particularly as different combinations of winds, temperatures, rainfall and humidity exist in particular areas.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Role of Bureaucracy And
    THE ROLE OF NEGOTIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EL SALVADOR’S PEACE ACCORDS A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Hugo Renderos December, 2011 THE ROLE OF NEGOTIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EL SALVADOR’S PEACE ACCORDS Hugo Renderos Dissertation Approved: Accepted: _________________________ _________________________ Advisor Interim Department Chair Raymond W. Cox, III Mark Tausig _________________________ _________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Jennifer K. Alexander Chand K. Midha _________________________ _________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Ramona Ortega-Liston George R. Newkome _________________________ _________________________ Committee Member Date Ghazi Falah _________________________ Committee Member Steven Ash ii ABSTRACT This dissertation focuses on the Salvadorean peace accords signed between the government and the former guerrilla turned political party Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front; FMLN). The end of the Salvadorean civil war era ended in 1992 as peace accords were signed between the government and FMLN leaders. The signing of the peace accords took time to complete and much dialogue required both parties to meet to negotiate and settle on timelines and agenda setting. This study explores the peace accords from the perspective of the soft, hard, and principled negotiation method as described by Fisher and Ury (1981) and by applying Allison and Zelikow’s (1999) Rational Actor Model (RAM) (Model I) and the Governmental Politics Model (Model III). It studies how the peace negotiations, as seen through the lenses of all three methods of negotiations and models I and III, influenced its implementation.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    A War of Proper Names: The Politics of Naming, Indigenous Insurrection, and Genocidal Violence During Guatemala’s Civil War. Juan Carlos Mazariegos Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2020 © 2019 Juan Carlos Mazariegos All Rights Reserved Abstract A War of Proper Names: The Politics of Naming, Indigenous Insurrection, and Genocidal Violence During Guatemala’s Civil War During the Guatemalan civil war (1962-1996), different forms of anonymity enabled members of the organizations of the social movement, revolutionary militants, and guerrilla combatants to address the popular classes and rural majorities, against the backdrop of generalized militarization and state repression. Pseudonyms and anonymous collective action, likewise, acquired political centrality for revolutionary politics against a state that sustained and was symbolically co-constituted by forms of proper naming that signify class and racial position, patriarchy, and ethnic difference. Between 1979 and 1981, at the highest peak of mass mobilizations and insurgent military actions, the symbolic constitution of the Guatemalan state was radically challenged and contested. From the perspective of the state’s elites and military high command, that situation was perceived as one of crisis; and between 1981 and 1983, it led to a relatively brief period of massacres against indigenous communities of the central and western highlands, where the guerrillas had been operating since 1973. Despite its long duration, by 1983 the fate of the civil war was sealed with massive violence. Although others have recognized, albeit marginally, the relevance of the politics of naming during Guatemala’s civil war, few have paid attention to the relationship between the state’s symbolic structure of signification and desire, its historical formation, and the dynamics of anonymous collective action and revolutionary pseudonymity during the war.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Book Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators : from Napoleon to The
    ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MODERN DICTATORS : FROM NAPOLEON TO THE PRESENT PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Frank J. Coppa | 344 pages | 04 Apr 2006 | Peter Lang Publishing Inc | 9780820450100 | English | New York, United States Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators : From Napoleon to the Present PDF Book Chiang now continued to reunify China. As Supreme Leader , held ultimate and uncontested authority over all government matters under the principle of Guardianship. Jean-Jacques Dessalines. Invasion of Belgium. Hold false elections. Abacha Sani Article Contents. More than , people were arrested only during the first three years. Created the extra-constitutional Special Clerical Court system in , accountable only to the Supreme Leader and used principally for suppression of political dissent. Kenneth Sani Abacha. In terms of territory, Metternich gladly relinquished claims to the old Austrian Netherlands and the various Habsburg possessions in Germany for a consolidated monarchy at the centre of Europe. Opposition groups have been outlawed particularly Islamic ones , human rights activists have been thrown in prison and hundreds of protester killed during crackdowns. Translated by de Bellaigue, Sheila; Bridge, Roy. Europe Since An Encyclopedia. Chairman of the Council of State ; President of Chad He succeeded until , when in a violent coup, he expelled the communists from the KMT and quashed the Chinese labor unions they had created. Volume 3. Volume II: E - L. Jailed Chief Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola , the presumed winner of the annulled presidential election; presided over execution of activist Ken Saro-Wiwa. Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators : From Napoleon to the Present Writer Zhang Jinghui was similarly handed over to China in , dying in prison in , while Demchugdongrub fled to Mongolia before being handed to the Chinese and released 13 years later.
    [Show full text]
  • El Caballero De La Revolución: Morazán Para Principiantes
    Baldomero Serrano El caballero de la Revolución Morazán para principiantes Segunda Edición, agosto 2008 © Secretaría de Cultura, Artes y Deportes © Banco Central de Honduras Tegucigalpa, Honduras Autoridades Secretaría de Cultura, Artes y Deportes Rodolfo Pastor Fasquelle, Secretario de Estado Rebeca Becerra, Directora General del Libro y el Documento Autoridades Banco Central de Honduras Edwin Araque Concejo Editorial Óscar Acosta Marcos Carías Zapata Héctor Leyva Salvador Madrid Eduardo Bärh Rebeca Becerra Diagramación y Diseño Doris Estrella Lainez Aguilar ISBN 978-99926-10-86-2 Editorial Cultura Printed in Honduras Impreso en Honduras PRESENTACIÓN En Honduras las impresiones y reimpresiones de libros de diferentes agentes editores (personas y empresas), anualmente se encuentra entre 250 a 350 títulos en diversas áreas del conocimiento: literatura, ciencias sociales, folklore, textos educativos, ciencias jurídicas, entre otras.; produciendo, principalmente las reimpresiones y/o reediciones que en la actualidad la mayoría de las obras de autores –as hondureñas clásicos y claves de la literatura hondureña se encuentren agotados, dificultando los estudios históricos y análisis literarios, y conduciendo a generar su desconocimiento por parte de la ciudanía hondureña, principalmente de los jóvenes. Según estudios del Centro Regional para el Fomento del Libro en América Latina y el Caribe-CERLALC, Honduras y El Salvador son los países de Latinoamérica donde se registran las cifras más bajas en edición y reedición de libros, haciendo énfasis que en Honduras la mayoría son esfuerzos de los mismos autores y autoras. Hasta el momento carecemos de recopilaciones de obras completas de autoras tan importantes como Clementina Suárez, poeta renovadora de la poesía hondureña y premio nacional de literatura, o la obra de Arturo Martínez Galindo y Andrés Morris para ejemplificar entorno a la poesía, el relato y el teatro.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.LA REVOLUCIÓN GUATEMALTECA Y EL LEGADO
    Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Sistema de Información Científica García Ferreira, Roberto LA REVOLUCIÓN GUATEMALTECA Y EL LEGADO DEL PRESIDENTE ARBENZ Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos, vol. 38, 2012 Universidad de Costa Rica San José, Costa Rica Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=15233349003 Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos, ISSN (Versión impresa): 0377-7316 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica ¿Cómo citar? Número completo Más información del artículo Página de la revista www.redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto LA REVOLUCIÓN GUATEMALTECA Y EL LEGADO DEL PRESIDENTE ARBENZ Roberto García Ferreira Correo electrónico: [email protected] Aceptado: 02/03/11 Aprobado: 16/06/11 Resumen Entre 1944 y 1954, Guatemala, el “país de la eterna tiranía”, vivió una experiencia revolucionaria y democrática radical. Se trató de un período mítico e inédito en su historia. Numerosas narrativas provenientes de las más diversas ciencias sociales se han ocupado de la Revolución guatemalteca, las cuales han estado mayormente condicionadas por el dramático desenlace final de Jacobo Arbenz. Contrariando la locuacidad de su antecesor, el enigmático y lacónico Coronel le infundió un ímpetu decisivo al proceso revolucionario, dando forma a lo que hasta el momento ha sido el único programa económico-social soberano y realizable en la historia de su país. Fundamentalmente sustentado en sus documentos personales, este artículo da cuenta del proceso de maduración y transformación de aquel joven militar guatemalteco cuyo truncado legado marcó de manera significativa a una generación de latinoamericanos.
    [Show full text]
  • Guatemala's Maya Resurgence Movement: History, Memory, And
    Guatemala’s Maya Resurgence Movement: History, Memory, and the Reconfiguration of Power Ashley Kistler, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Anthropology Rollins College Winter Park, FL 32789 [email protected] In early 2013, a Guatemalan court tried ex-president, General Efraín Ríos Montt, for genocide and crimes against humanity committed during the country’s 36-year civil war. The conviction of the former dictator in May 2013 offered Guatemalans only a fleeting glimpse of justice, as the country’s highest court reversed his conviction a mere ten days later. Though Ríos Montt’s presidency ended thirty years ago, it alienated many Maya communities from their history and indigenous identities. This paper argues that Maya communities use cultural resurgence movements to empower themselves against political oppression and confront political obstacles. Today, the Maya resurgence movement helps some Maya to strive to recapture practices lost during the civil war and to connect to their indigenous past. By seeking to connect with their history, the Maya resurgence movement affords some members of Guatemala’s Maya community to redefine themselves in the 21st century. For some, participation in the Maya resurgence movement serves as one of the only available means of empowerment in the country’s increasingly oppressive social hierarchy. The reversal of ex- President Ríos Montt’s conviction, however, presented the Maya with yet another obstacle in their longstanding fight for equality. While many political and social factors continue to block the success of the Maya resurgence movement nationally, this paper examines how involvement in local activist projects helps the Maya to rewrite their history and redefine their indigenous identity 1 following more than 500 years of oppression.
    [Show full text]
  • OPTICS and the CULTURE of MODERNITY in GUATEMALA CITY SINCE the LIBERAL REFORMS a Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate St
    OPTICS AND THE CULTURE OF MODERNITY IN GUATEMALA CITY SINCE THE LIBERAL REFORMS A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Department of History University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By MICHAEL D. KIRKPATRICK © Michael D. Kirkpatrick, September 2013. All rights reserved. Permission to Use In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the department Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copy or publication use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any use which may be made of any material in my thesis. i ABSTRACT In the years after the Liberal Reforms of the 1870s, the capitalization of coffee production and buttressing of coercive labour regimes in rural Guatemala brought huge amounts of surplus capital to Guatemala City. Individual families—either invested in land or export houses—and the state used this newfound wealth to transform and beautify the capital, effectively inaugurating the modern era in the last decades of the nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Estado De Los Altos, Indigenas Y Regimen Conservador. Guatemala, 1838-1851
    Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos, Universidad de Costa Rica, 19(1): 37-53, 1993 ESTADO DE LOS ALTOS, INDIGENASY REGIMEN CONSERVADOR. GUATEMALA, 1838-1851* Arturo Taracena Resumen Se analizan las causas econ6micas y sociales que motivaron la resistencia de los indigenas en contra de la instauraci6n del Estado de Los Altos en los anos 1838-1840, asi como la en alianza politica establecida entre estos y Rafael Carrera el momento de la caida del regi men liberal de Mariano Galvez. El resultado seri la confirmaci6n del liderazgo nacional de Carrera y el surgimiento de una politica oficial de restauraci6n de la "republica de indios" en el estado guatemalteco reunificado bajo el gobierno de los conservadores. Abstract This article analyses the economic and sorial causes of indifenone resistance to the estabio ment of the sra be of Los Altos between 1838 and 1840. It also discusses the posibical allian ce between the Indiam and Rafael Carrera when the liberal regime of Mariano Gilver fell to from poweer. Carrera national leadership was this confirmed and it because articial posi restone an "Indian repuestic" nithin the srabe of Guatemala, remibed wider the conservative government. El principal interns de esta ponencia es mar que la problematica regional puede resol reflexionar a partir de un estudio concreto ver por si sola tal limitaci6n, ni se trata de cir sobre el peso de la interpretation geocentrista cunscribirla al analisis de las regiones en si en la historiografia guatemalteca -especial mismas, puesto que en el siglo xix -y aun en mente en lo que concierne a la fase republica el xx- lo regional est? ante todo determinado na-, a pesar de los avances en la investigaci6n por los problemas inherentes a la construc sobre las regiones.
    [Show full text]
  • El Quetzal a Quarterly Publication Issue #10 GHRC June/Sept 2011 Polochic: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Pérez Molina And
    Guatemala Human Rights Commission/USA El Quetzal A Quarterly Publication Issue #10 GHRC June/Sept 2011 Polochic: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Pérez Molina and "We went looking for solutions, and found only pain." Baldizón to Compete in - A survivor of the Panzos massacre - Presidential Runoff The Maya Q‘eqchi‘ communi- Presidential candidates Otto Pérez Molina ties of Guatemala's Polochic and Manuel Baldizón came out on top in Valley have suffered a long Guatemala‘s elections on September 11. history of threats, displacement, The two will compete in a runoff election brutal violence, and crushing on November 6. poverty. After a series of vio- lent evictions in March 2011, The elections concluded a long and in- over 700 families are just try- tense campaign season marked by court ing to stay alive. battles, pre-election violence and intimi- dation. The elections also brought Guate- In 1954, a CIA-sponsored coup (Photo: Rob(Photo: Mercetante) mala into the international spotlight due cut short promising land reform to allegations that the candidates are efforts in Guatemala because linked to organized crime, corruption and the reform affected the eco- human rights violations. nomic interests of US compa- nies operating in the country. Pérez Molina, of the Patriot Party, re- During the military govern- ceived 36% of the vote. Baldizón, of the ments that ruled Guatemala The lives of hundreds of indigenous men, women and Renewed Democratic Freedom party throughout the three decades children are at risk today in the Polochic Valley (Líder), came in second with 23%. following the coup, powerful families (both local and foreign) gained On May 27, 1978 campesinos Until recently, Pérez Molina´s top chal- ―legal‖ title to the land in the Polochic (subsistence farmers) of San Vincente, lenger was Sandra Torres, the ex-wife of Valley through a combination of fraud, Panzós, went to plant corn by the banks of current president Alvaro Colom.
    [Show full text]
  • Historia Del Pensamiento Político En El Salvador
    HISTORIA DEL PENSAMIENTO POLÍTICO EN EL SALVADOR. Desde 1800 a la fecha. VOLUMEN I 1800 – 1840 JORGE BARRAZA IBARRA Primera Edición 2011 972.84 B269h Barraza Ibarra, Jorge Historia de las Ideas Políticas en El Salvador / Jorge sv Barraza Ibarra. -- 1ª ed, -- San Salvador, El Salv. : UFG Editores, 2011. 400 p. ; 20 cm. ISBN 978-99923-47-27-0 1. El Salvador – Historia, 1811-1821. 2. América Central – Política – Historia. I Título. BINA/jmh Ing, Mario Antonio Ruiz Ramírez Rector Dr. Elner Osmín Crespín Elías Director de Investigación Publicado y Distribuido por la Editorial Universidad Francisco Gavidia Derechos Reservados © Copyright Según la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual EDITORIAL UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO GAVIDIA UFG - Editores Edificio Administrativo UFG, 3er Nivel, Condominio Centro Roosevelt, 55 Av. Sur. San Salvador, El Salvador Centroamérica Tel. 2209-2856 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ufg.edu.sv TABLA DE MATERIAS INTRODUCCIÓN………………………………………………………………………………..…… 9 Capítulo I El fin del Absolutismo español 1.1. Carlos IV de España y su reinado…………………………………………….………..... 11 1.2. El efímero reinado de José I Bonaparte……………………….……………………… 16 1.3. El reinado de Fernando VII…………………………………………………………..……. 19 Capítulo II El nacimiento del Liberalismo en España 2.1. La Constitución española de 1812……………………………………………….…... 27 2.2. El Estatuto de Bayona………………………………………………………………..……. 34 2.3. La Constitución de 1812………………………………………………………….………. 36 Capítulo III Las Cortes de Cádiz 3.1. La influencia de las Cortes de Cádiz en América……………………………….. 39 3.2. Delimitación geográfica del reino de Guatemala…………………………....…. 42 3.3. La representación del reino de Guatemala en las Cortes de Cádiz ……… 44 Capítulo IV La Ilustración 4.1. Antecedentes y conceptos……………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Justo Rufino Barrios, Perteneciente a Una Segunda Generación De Liberales Y Uno De Los Líderes De La Revuelta Contra Los Conse
    Ciclos, Año 24, Nro. 43, julio-diciembre 2014 ISSN 1851-3735 GUATEMALA EN LA MIRA: LA OPERACIÓN BPSUCCESS Ricardo Vicente* Resumen En 2014 se cumplen sesenta años del primer golpe de Estado pergeñado por la central de inteligencia estadounidense (CIA) en Latinoamérica. En ese momento histórico, en Guatemala, se ensayó un operativo modelo que luego sirvió de inspiración para otros que le sucedieron en el resto de Latinoamérica. El gobierno nacional, popular y democrático de Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán fue su víctima y los golpistas fueron coordinados y apoyados por la CIA: varios embajadores, militares reaccionarios, poderosos empresarios norteamericanos y locales y altos prelados de la Iglesia Católica. Esta conspiración incorporó a América Latina como nuevo escenario de la Guerra Fría. Palabras clave: America Latina, Guatemala, golpe, Estados Unidos Abstract In 2014 marks sixty years of the first coup concocted by the Central American Intelligence (CIA) in Latin America. In that historical moment, an operating model was tested in Guatemala, which then served as inspiration for others in the rest of Latin America. The national, popular and democratic government of Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán was its victim and the coup leaders were coordinated and supported by the CIA: several ambassadors, reactionary military, powerful American and local entrepreneurs and high prelates of the Catholic Church. This conspiracy joined Latin America as a new stage of the Cold War. Keywords: Latin America, Guatemala, coup d’État, United States * Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, profesor de la Maestría de Historia Económica y de las Políticas Económicas, investigador del IDEHESI, Ricardo Vicente, Un castillo armado: el primer golpe de la CIA en América Latina Ciclos, Año 24, Nro.
    [Show full text]
  • EL SALVADOR 2019 Final Report
    European Union Election Observation Mission EL SALVADOR 2019 Final Report [Flag of host Presidential Election 3 February 2019 Table of Contents I. Executive Summary and Priority Recommendations ......................................................................... 1 II. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4 III. Political Context ................................................................................................................................. 4 IV. Implementation of Previous EOM Recommendations ....................................................................... 5 V. Legal Framework ............................................................................................................................... 6 A. International Principles and Commitments .............................................................................. 6 B. Constitutional Human Rights ................................................................................................... 6 C. Electoral Legislation ................................................................................................................ 7 D. Election System ....................................................................................................................... 7 VI. Election Administration ..................................................................................................................... 8 A. Structure and Composition
    [Show full text]