Eg0900024 Effect of Safe Environmental Pre and Post Harvest Treatments and Irradiation on Handling of Some Fruits
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EG0900024 EFFECT OF SAFE ENVIRONMENTAL PRE AND POST HARVEST TREATMENTS AND IRRADIATION ON HANDLING OF SOME FRUITS BY Mohamed Abd El-Salam Abd El-Rahman Nawito B.Sc. Agric., (Horticulture), Ain Shams University, 1982 M.Sc. Degree in Environmental Sciences Department of(Agricultural Sciences), Ain Shams University, 2001 A thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the Doctor of philosophy Degree in Environmental Science Department of Agricultural Science Institute of Environmental Studies & Research Ain Shams University 2008 EFFECT OF SAFE ENVIRONMENTAL PRE AND POST HARVEST TREATMENTS AND IRRADIATION ON HANDLING OF SOME FRUITS BY Mohamed Abd El-Salam Abd El-Rahman Nawito B.Sc. Agric., Horticulture, Ain Shams University, 1982 M.Sc. Degree in Environmental Sciences Department of(Agricultural Sciences), Ain Shams University, 2001 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirement for the Doctor of Philosophy In Environmental Science Department of Agricultural Science Institute of Environmental Studies & Research Ain Shams University 'Under the Supervision of: 1- Prof. Dr. Abdel- Azim M. El-Hammady Professor of Pomology, Dept., of Hort.,Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams University. 2- Prof. Dr. Nazmy Abd El-Hamid Abd El-Ghany Professor of Pomology, Dept., Hort., of Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams University. 3- Prof. Dr. Abdallah Abdallah El Sayed Mahmoud Professor of Food irradiation, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology 2008 APPROVAL SHEET EFFECT OF SAFE ENVIRONMENTAL PRE AND POST HARVEST TREATMENTS AND IRRADIATION ON HANDLING OF SOME FRUITS BY Mohamed Abd El-Salam Abd El-Rahman Nawito B.Sc. Agric., Horticulture, Ain Shams University, 1982 M.Sc. Degree in Environmental Sciences Department of (Agricultural Sciences), Ain Shams University, 2001 This thesis towards a Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Environmental Science Has Been Approved by : Name Signature Prof. Dr. Raafat Mohamed Yousri -------------- Professor of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology , Atomic Energy Authority , Egypt. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Mohamed Desouky --------------- Professor of Pomology,Dept. of Hort., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams University. Prof. Dr. Nazmy Abd El-Hamid Abd El-Ghany --------------- Professor of pomology, Dept., Hort., of Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams University. Prof. D. Abdel- Azim M. El-Hammady --------------- Professor of pomology, Dept., of Hort.,Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams University. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Abd El- Azim M. El- Hammady, Professor of pomology, Dept. of Agric., Ain Shams University for his supervision, who inspired me to start this work and introduced me to the sientific way of thinking. Indeed, this work owes much to his kind interest, simulating discussions and fruitful suggestions. I wish also to express my thanks to Prof. Dr. Nazmy Abd El-Hamid Abd El-Ghany, Professor of pomology, Dept. of Hort. Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams University for his supervision, help and encouragement. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Abdallah Abdallah El Sayed Mahmoud, Professor of Food irradiation, 'National Center for Radiation Research and Technology for his supervision , continous encouragement and valuable advice, particulary during the experimental part of this study. Lastely, but not the last, I would like to send my nice feelings and deep appreciation to all members in Department of Agriculture Sciences Research Institute, for their kind help, support and encouragement. Lastely, I express my sincere thanks to my late father , my mother , my sister , my brothers , my wife and my sons for their patience, understanding and support. ABSTRACT Mohamed Abd El-Salam Abd El-Rahman Nawito EFFECT OF SAFE ENVIRONMENTAL PRE AND POST HARVEST TREATMENTS AND IRRADIATION ON HANDLING OF SOME FRUITS The present study was carried out during two successive seasons of 2005 and 2006 seasons on"Montakhab El-Kanater" guavas and "Hachiya" persimmons.two different experiments were studied, the first one for pre harvest and second post harvest. Regarding pre harvest experiment,hand or chemical flower thinning by urea or ethrel and date of fruit picking (maturity) were evaluated on both guavas and persimmons.All flower thinning treatments increased fruit set,total yield,average fruit weight and decreased fruit abscission.However,a great effect on fruit quality and chemical compositions were also found with flower thinning treatments. Chemical flower thinning was more effective than hand thinning in improving yield and quality in "Montakhab El-Kanater" guavas and "Hachiya" persimmons. However,early maturation(120 and 150 days for guava and persimmon,respe.)produced poor fruit quality.Whereas, medium maturaty(130 and 180 days for guava and persimmon respect.) produced fruit with high quality.However,late picking(140 and 210 days for guava and persimmon recp.) produced fruits with less marketability. On the other side, post harvest treatments including irradiation of fruits with or without pre-cooling process at 0.2,0.4,and 0.8 K.Gy for guavas and 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 K.Gy for persimmons. Also,hot water at 45 0C, fungicide at 0.5 and 1.0 g/L.and ethanol vapor at 25 and 50% were evaluated on both fruits. The obtained data were evaluated on discarded fruits %, weight loss %, fruit firmness,fruit marketability, total soluble solids,acidity,L-ascorbic acid (guava), tannins (persimmon), total sugars and fruit respiration. All supplementary refrigeration treatments improved fruit quality during cold storage but ethanol vapor either 25 or 50 % were more effective than other treatments. Key words:-Guavas – Persimmons - Pre harvest treatments - fruit maturity - fruit quality - Flower thinning – Urea - Ethrel - Post harvest treatments - Irradiation – Hot water – Fungicides – Ethanolvapor - Physical properties - Chemical properties – marketability - Cold storage. CONTENTS Page No. 1- INTRODUCTION ----------------------------- 1 2- REVIEW OF LITRATURE -- -------------- 3 Pre harvest treatments ----------------------------- 3 Post harvest treatments ---------------------------- 5 3- MATERIALS AND METHODS ---------- 41 4- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ------------ 49 Pre harvest treatments ------------------------------- 49 Flower thinning --------------------------------------- 49 Maturity stage ----------------------------------------- 56 Post harvest treatments -------------------------------- 62 Guava fruits ------------------------------------------ 62 physical properties ------------------------------------- 62 [ Chemical determinations ---------------------------- 71 Persimmon fruits ------------------------------------ 82 Physical properties ---------------------------------- 82 Chemical determinations ------------------------- 91 5- SUMMARY -------------------------------------- 103 6- REFERENCES -------------------------------- 119 LIST OF TABLES Table Description Page No. No. Effect of hand or chemical flower thinning on yield Table( 1 ) attributes of "Montakhab El-Kanater guavas, during 50 2005 and 2006 seasons. Effect of hand or chemical flower thinning on fruit Table( 2 ) quality of "Montakhab El-Kanater" guavas,during 52 2005 and 2006 seasons. Effect of hand or chemical flower thinning on yield Table( 3 ) attributes of "Hachiya" persimmons,during 2005 55 and 2006 seasons. Effect of hand or chemical flower thinning on fruit Table( 4 ) quality of "Hachiya" persimmons,during 2005 and 57 2006 seasons. Effect of maturity stage on yield and fruit quality of Table ( 5 ) "Montakhab El-Kanater" guavas,during 2005 58 and 2006 seasons. Effect of maturity stage on yield and fruit quality of Table( 6 ) "Hachiya" persimmons, during 2005 and 2006 61 seasons. Effect of some post -harvest treatments on discarded Table (7 ) fruit % of Montakhab El-kanater cv. guava fruits 63 stored at 8 ± 1°C and 85 – 90RH during 2005 and 2006 seasons. Effect of some post -harvest treatments on fruit weight loss % of Montakhab El-kanater cv. guava Table (8 ) fruits stored at 8 ± 1°C and 85 – 90RH during 65 2005 and 2006 seasons. Effect of some post -harvest treatments on fruit firmness (Ib/inch2) of Montakhab El-kanater cv. Table( 9 ) guava fruits stored at 8 ± 1°C and 85 – 90RH 67 during 2005 and 2006 seasons. Page Table No. Description No. Effect of some post-harvest treatments on Table(10 ) marketability (shelf life in days)of Montakhab El- 69 kanater cv. Guava fruits stored at 8 ±1°C and 85 – 90RH for 20 days during 2005 and 2006 seasons. Effect of some post -harvest treatments on total soluble solids (TSS%) of Montakhab El-kanater cv Table(11 ) guava fruits stored at 8 ± 1°C and 85 – 90RH during 72 2005 and2006 seasons. Effect of some post -harvest treatments on titratable acidity (T.A.%) of Montakhab El-kanater cv. guava Table(12 ) 74 fruits stored at 8 ± 1°C and 85 – 90RH during 2005 and 2006 seasons. Effect of some post -harvest treatments on L- ascorbic acid content (LAA mg / 100 g fresh Table(13 ) weight) of Montakhab El-kanater cv. guava fruits 76 stored at 8 ± 1°C and 85 – 90RH during 2005 and 2006 seasons. Effect of some post -harvest treatments on total Table(14 ) sugars of Montakhab El-kanater cv. guava fruits 78 stored at 8 ± 1°C and 85 – 90RH during 2005 and 2006 seasons. Effect of some post -harvest treatments on the Table(15 ) respiration rate(CO 2 mg / kg fruit h.) of Montakhab 80 El- kanater cv. guava fruits stored at 8 ± 1°C and 85 – 90RH during 2005 and 2006 seasons. Effect of some post -harvest treatments on discarded Table(16 ) fruit % of Hachiya cv. Persimmon in cold storage at 83 0