Immunodermatology

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Immunodermatology Editorial Volume 8:2,2021 Journal of Dermatology and Dermatologic Diseases ISSN: 2684-4281 Open Access Editorial Note on Immunodermatology Bindu Madhavi* Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s University, Vadlamudi Editorial Immunodermatology studies the skin as an invulnerable organ of both health and infection. Many ranges, such as photographic immunology (impacts of ultraviolet light on skin resistance), provocative diseases, are uncommonly considered, For starters, unfavourably prone contact dermatitis and atopic inflammation of the skin, immune system-related skin conditions such as vitiligo and psoriasis, and finally, the immunology of microbial skin infections such as retrovirus contamination and impurity. This area has some experience treating non-susceptible interceptible skin diseases like lupus, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, and other skin problems that can be safely intervened. The skin has a great influence on ensuring shape against infection as an unpredictable invulnerable organ. Inalienable resistance requires an early reaction to remote antigens, so it is not a specific pathogen, whereas an adjustable reaction to the differentiation of antigens and the advancement of memory is specific, but it takes more time to function. Infections have strengthened mechanisms to prevent their descendants from contaminating or discharging the skin-resistant reaction. By managing a rapid invulnerable response, with abnormal levels of protective antibodies to their target viral antigens, immunizations may safeguard against infections. Biologics designed to kill Tnf-alpha and chemokine receptor inhibitors are used in new therapies being developed for the immunomodulation of normal skin immune diseases. The Journal of Clinical & Experimental Dermatology Research makes reading a broad variety of immunodermatology papers convenient for readers. Dermatologists and all other health literacy experts working in the field of dermatology can receive continuous redesigns by carefully reviewing the papers, which can help them enhance the nature of patient consideration and conclusion. Inflammatory disorders such as suppurative hydradenitis, allergic contact dermatitis and atopic eczema, presumably autoimmune skin diseases such as vitiligo and psoriasis, and, eventually, microbial skin disease immunology such as retroviral and leprosy infections. Biological agents aimed at neutralising TNF-alpha and chemokine receptor inhibitors are new therapies in development for the immunomodulation of common immunological skin diseases. An immune response is a reaction that takes place within an organism in order to protect against foreign invaders. These invaders involve a wide range of different microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi, which, if not eliminated from the body, could cause severe health problems for the host organism. There are two different elements of the immune response that function together to defend against pathogens, the innate and the adaptive. It is understood that the innate branch of the first reaction of the body to an invader is a non-specific and rapid response to any form of pathogen. The adaptive branch, on the other hand, is the immune response of the body that is catered to particular antigens and therefore it takes longer to activate the involved components. Cells such as dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells are included in the adaptive branch as well as antibodies also known as immunoglobulin’s that communicate directly with antigen and are a very important component of a powerful reaction aganist an invader. *Address for Correspondence: Bindu Madhavi, Department of Biotechnology,Vignan’s University,Vadlamudi. Copyright: © 2021 Bindu Madhavi, This is anopen-access article distributed undertheterms of the creative commons attribution license which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Received: February 6, 2021; Accepted: February 13, 2021; Published: February 20, 2021 .
Recommended publications
  • Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology
    Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology Edited by Anthony A. Gaspari, MD Department of Dermatology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD USA Stephen K. Tyring, MD, PhD Department of Dermatology University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston, TX USA Editors Anthony A. Gaspari, MD University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD USA Stephen K. Tyring, MD, PhD University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston, TX USA ISBN 978-1-84800-164-0 e-ISBN 978-1-84800-165-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-84800-165-7 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2008923739 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2008 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Psoriasis Review
    JULY 2018 VOL 14 NUMBER 2 PSORIASIS REVIEW Included in this Issue 1 Top 5 Research and Clinical Papers IPC’S SEMI-ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE • Clinically resolved psoriatic lesions TOP 5 PAPERS: JULY–DECEMBER 2017 contain psoriasis-specific IL-17- producing αβ T cell clones • Psoriasis and suicidality: A systematic Every 6 months, IPC’s board and councilors recommend and vote on articles that review and meta-analysis make the greatest impact on psoriasis research. The 5 papers that received the • An analysis of IL-36 signature genes most votes for articles published July through December 2017 are reviewed here. and individuals with IL1RL2 knockout Summaries and commentaries were written by this issue’s co-editors, Dr. Colby mutations validates IL-36 as a Evans, Evans Dermatology, Austin, Texas, United States, and Dr. Nancy Podoswa, psoriasis therapeutic target Hospital General Regional No. 1 Dr. Carlos MacGregor Sanchez Navarro, Mexican • Coronary plaque characterization in psoriasis reveals high-risk features Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico. that improve after treatment in a prospective observational study 1. Residual T-cell clones in both active and resolved • Association between skin and aortic vascular inflammation in patients psoriatic plaques may reinitiate disease if treatment with psoriasis: a case-cohort study stops using Positron Emission Tomography/ Computed Tomography Clinically resolved psoriatic lesions contain psoriasis-specific IL-17-producing 2 A Letter from the President αβ T cell clones. Matos TR, O’Malley JT, Lowry EL, et al. J Clin Invest. 2017 Nov 1;127(11):4031-4041. doi: 10.1172/JCI93396. Epub 2017 Sep 25.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology
    Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology Edited by Anthony A. Gaspari, MD Department of Dermatology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD USA Stephen K. Tyring, MD, PhD Department of Dermatology University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston, TX USA Editors Anthony A. Gaspari, MD University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD USA Stephen K. Tyring, MD, PhD University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston, TX USA ISBN 978-1-84800-164-0 e-ISBN 978-1-84800-165-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-84800-165-7 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2008923739 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2008 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Histamine in Atopic Disorders: Atopic Dermatitis and Pruritus
    Edited by Holger Stark Chapter 6 Histamine in Atopic Disorders: Atopic Dermatitis and Pruritus W. Bäumer1,2, F. Glatzer3, K. Roßbach1, H. Ohtsu4, M. Seike5, S. Mommert3, T. Werfel3, R. Gutzmer3 1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany 2 Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA, e mail: [email protected] 3Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Hannover Medical School, Germany 4Applied Quantum Medical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan 5Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Sagami Women’s Junior College, Japan 6.1. Role of Histamine and Histamine H4 Receptor in Inflammatory Skin Diseases in Man 6.1.1. Introduction The skin is the primary interface between the environment and the inside of an organism and protects the body against harmful agents, pathogens, allergens, physical trauma, UV radiation and excessive electrolyte and water loss. Different diseases interfere with this function, including the extremely common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Chronic inflammatory skin diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation of the skin, often with severe pruritus. The most diseases include psoriasis and eczema, including atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Numerous different inflammatory cell populations are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases, including T cells, antigen presenting cells (APC), granulocytes and keratinocytes. The inflamed skin in these diseases becomes dry, red, itchy and scaly, resulting Chapter 6 1 7 3 Histamine H4 Receptor: A Novel Drug Target in Immunoregulation and Inflammation in decreased quality of life. At present, the responsible mechanisms that are involved in inflammation and pruritus in these disorders and how they lead to pathogenesis are not completely understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Think Clinical Immunodermatology Laboratory
    Clinical ImmunodermatologyThink ImmunodermatologyLaboratory Testing! Kristin M. Leiferman, M.D. Professor of Dermatology Co-Director Immunodermatology Laboratory University of Utah History Late 1800s Paul Ehrlich put forth the concept of autoimmunity calling it “horror autotoxicus” History Early 1940s Albert Coons was the first to conceptualize and develop immunofluorescent techniques for labeling antibodies History 1945 Robin Coombs (and colleagues) described the Coombs antiglobulin reaction test, used to determine if antibodies or complement factors have bound to red blood cell surface antigens in vivo causing hemolytic anemia •Waaler-Rose rheumatoid factor •Hargraves’ LE cell •Witebsky-Rose induction of thyroiditis with autologous thyroid gland History Mid 1960s Ernest Beutner and Robert Jordon demonstrated IgG cell surface antibodies in pemphigus, autoantibodies in circulation and bound to the dermal-epidermal junction in bullous pemphigoid Immunobullous Diseases Immunobullous Diseases • Desmogleins / Desmosomes – Pemphigus • BP Ags in hemidesmosomes / lamina lucida – Pemphigoid – Linear IgA bullous dermatosis • Type VII collagen / anchoring fibrils – Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita Immunodermatology Tests are Diagnostic Aids in Many Diseases • Dermatitis herpetiformis & • Mixed / undefined celiac disease connective tissue disease • Drug reactions • Pemphigoid (all types) • Eosinophil-associated disease • Pemphigus (all types, including paraneoplastic) • Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita • Porphyria & pseudoporphyria • Lichen planus
    [Show full text]
  • William Abramovits, MD
    MEDICAL DERMATOLOGY SOCIETY 2020-2021 Mentors WILLIAM ABRAMOVITS, MD Dermatology Treatment & Research Center, Dallas, Texas (P) 972.661.2729 / (E) [email protected] Areas of Expertise: Clinical Research; Eczema; Atopic Dermatitis; Auto-Inflammatory Diseases; Psoriasis LINDSAY SKYE ACKERMAN, MD Medical Dermatology Specialists, PC, Phoenix, Arizona (P) 602.354.5770 / (E) [email protected] Areas of Expertise: Managing Patients with Cutaneous Lymphomas; Severe Psoriasis; Autoimmune Cutaneous Diseases; Collagen Vascular Diseases; Blistering Disorders; Dermatologic Consultations; Clinical Research A RAZZAQUE AHMED, MD/DSC/MPA Center for Blistering Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts (P) 617.562.1040 / (E) [email protected] Areas of Expertise: Autoimmune Blistering Diseases; Comprehensive Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment; Clinical Research; Collaborative Lab Research; Development of Treatment Protocols for New Biologic Agents MILAN ANADKAT, MD Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri (P) 314.362.9859 / (E) [email protected] Areas of Expertise: Chemotherapy Induced Skin Reactions; Dermatologic Therapeutics; Collagen Vascular Disease; Autoimmune Bullous Disease; Graft-versus-Host Disease and Psoriasis DANIEL BACH, MD/MPH University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (P) 310.917.3376 / (E) [email protected] Areas of Expertise: Inpatient Dermatology; Oncodermatology; Complex Medical Dermatology JEAN BOLOGNIA, MD Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (P) 203.785.4092 / (E)
    [Show full text]
  • By Bachelor of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater
    THE ROLE OF KERATINOCYTE DERIVED INTERLEUKIN-1 a AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR a IN EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELL DEPLETION By STEPHANIE PICKARD ELIAS Bachelor of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1993 Bachelor of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1994 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE DECEMBER, 1996 THE ROLE OF KERATfNOCYTE DERIVED INTERLEUKIN-1 a AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR a IN EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELL DEPLETION Dean of the Graduate College II PREFACE Advances in the area of skin immunology have been increasing at an explosive rate. With the discovery of skin associated lymphoid tissues and classification of the cells associated wilth this system, much has been learned about how the mammalian body protects itself from invasion by potentially harmful environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to determine, in part, the effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) on cells of the epidermis with regard Langerhans cell migration and cytokine production. This was achieved by Langerhans cell enumeration in murine epidermal sections following exposure to SEA, interleukin-1 a and tumor necrosis factor a through immunohistochemical staining. Results suggested that keratinocyte derived interleukin-1 a and tumor necrosis factor a playa pivotal role in inducing Langerhans cell migration from the skin to the draining lymph node in response to antigenic challenge with SEA. Application of these two cytokines directly to skin sections resulted in depletion of Langerhans cells from the epidermis equivalent to that observed by treatment with SEA.
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 Vaccination and Dermatologic Patients on Immunotherapy and Biologic Therapies a Position Paper from the Philippine Dermatological Society
    POSITION PAPER JPDSJournal of the Philippine Dermatological Society COVID-19 vaccination and dermatologic patients on immunotherapy and biologic therapies A Position Paper from the Philippine Dermatological Society Clarisse G. Mendoza, MD, FPDS,1 Bryan Edgar K. Guevara, MD, FPDS,2 Cybill Dianne C. Uy, MD, FPDS PDS Immunodermatology Subspecialty Core Group KEY POINTS • Immunocompromised patients have a higher risk of developing severe and life-threatening COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. • The five Philippine FDA-authorized for emergency use COVID-19 vaccines are all non-live vaccines. These vaccines may provide benefits for dermatologic patients with immunosuppressed states or who are taking immunomodulating medications, upon appropriate advice and counseling. • COVID-19 vaccination should not replace transmission prevention measures, such as proper mask wearing, frequent disinfection, and physical distancing. I. INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has infected more than 140 million people and has caused more than three million deaths worldwide since it was first detected in 2019.1 Patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, malignancies, and other immunocompromised states could develop severe and life-threatening infections.2 Numerous dermatologic conditions result from immune dysfunction or necessitate chronic and prolonged treatment with agents that may cause drug-induced immunosuppression. Patients with pso- riasis, eczemas, connective
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Faculty
    Clinical Faculty Bankova, Lora G.,M.D. Specialty: Allergy and Immunology Clinical Interests: Allergic Rhinitis, Chronic rhinosinusitis, Adverse Drug Reactions, Eczema, Allergic Contact Dermatitis Medical School: Medical University of Sofia, 2000 Residencies: Friederich Schiller University, 2002 – 2004 Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 2007 – 2010 Fellowship: Brigham and Women's Hospital, 2010 – 2013 Board Certifications: Internal Medicine, 2010 Allergy and Immunology, 2012 Barrett, Nora A.,M.D. Specialty: Allergy and Immunology Clinical Interests: Severe Asthma, Eosinophilic Disorders, Immunodeficiency, Food allergy Medical School: University of Virginia School of Medicine, 2000 Residencies: Brigham and Women's Hospital, 2000 – 2003 Fellowship: Brigham and Women's Hospital, 2003 - 2007 Board Certifications: Internal Medicine, 2004 Allergy and Immunology, 2006 Boyce, Joshua,M.D. Specialty: Allergy and Immunology Leadership Title: Division Chief, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Clinical Interests: Pediatric Lung Disease, Asthma, Eosinophilic Disorders, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Food Allergy Medical School: University of Massachusetts Medical School, 1985 Residencies: University of Massachusetts Medical Center, 1985 - 1988 Fellowship: Massachusetts General Hospital, 1991 - 1994 Board Certifications: Pediatrics, 1989 Pediatric Pulmonology, 1994 Allergy and Immunology, 1997 Brennan, Patrick J.,M.D.,Ph.D. Specialty: Allergy and Immunology Clinical Interests: Food Allergy, Asthma Medical School: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
    [Show full text]
  • Atopic Dermatitis Update – 2016: Unveiling a New Treatment Paradigm Brad P. Glick DO, MPH, FAOCD Dermatologist Clinical
    Atopic Dermatitis Update – OMED 2017: Connecting Science and Practice Brad P. Glick DO, MPH, FAOCD Dermatologist Director, Dermatology Residency Larkin Community Hospital Palm Springs Campus A LECOM OPTI Skin and Cancer Associates Clinical Assistant Professor of Dermatology FIU Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Miami, Florida Disclosures . Speakers Bureau - SunPharma/Ranbaxy, LEO, Abbvie, Novartis, Janssen, Celgene, Galderma, Lilly . Advisory Board – Lilly . Stockholder – TopMd Objectives . Review and characterize the clinical features of atopic dermatitis (AD) . Discuss the current immune pathophysiology of AD . Identify strategies for comprehensive treatment of atopic dermatitis in pediatric and adult populations . Update and position new and emerging topical therapies as well as targeted biologic agents as a new treatment option for patients with AD AAD 2016/2017 5 AD - The Dermatologist’s “Working” Definition Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a pruritic eruption that follows a chronically relapsing course, with a predilection for specific body areas depending on the age of the patient. Also called “atopic eczema”, “flexural eczema”, “disseminated neurodermatitis”, “prurigo diasthésique” . Eczema from Greek ekzein (to boil over) . Associated with a personal or FH of atopy Epidemiology, Comorbidities and Burden of Disease . AD is the most common chronic skin disease of children (onset < 1 yr 60% / > 5yrs 85%) . Persists into adulthood in in 10-30% of cases . 2-3% of young adults . All races affected ( some increase if African American) . Increased prevalence noted in industrialized countries (appears to coincide w increasing prevalence of asthma) Atopic Dermatitis – Multiple Pathogenic Factors Factors Contributing to the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis Genetics Atopic Skin Environmental Atopic Immunology Dermatitis Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction Bieber T, Prolss J.
    [Show full text]
  • T Cell Receptor Sequencing Specifies Psoriasis As a Systemic and Atopic Dermatitis As a Skin
    medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.14.21260435; this version posted July 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 T cell receptor sequencing specifies psoriasis as a systemic and atopic dermatitis as a skin- 2 focused, allergen-driven disease 3 Authors: Lennart M. Roesner,1,2*† Ahmed K. Farag,1†‡ Rebecca Pospich,1 Stephan Traidl,1,2 4 Thomas Werfel.1,2 5 1Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and 6 Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. 7 2 Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. 8 ‡ present address: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH, Biberach, Germany. 9 †equal contribution 10 *To whom correspondence should be addressed: 11 Lennart Roesner 12 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6651-0458 13 [email protected] 14 Hannover Medical School (MHH) 15 Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research (OE6610) 16 Carl-Neuberg-Str.1 17 30625 Hannover 18 Germany 19 Tel: +49 (0)511 532-5054; Fax: +49 (0)511 532-8112 20 1 NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice. medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.14.21260435; this version posted July 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Immunodermatology, Allergy, Epidermal Barrier & Case Report (Bubba)
    Immunodermatology, Allergy, Epidermal Barrier & Case Report (Bubba) Dunbar Gram, DVM, DACVD, MRCVS Animal Allergy and Dermatology, Richmond and Hampton Roads, Virginia Client Questions When I was young, none of our dogs were allergic. Why are allergies so common now? There were 7 other puppies in the litter. Why is this the only one with allergies? Do you think that all those vaccinations cause more dogs to be allergic? Answers I know what you mean. It is hard and frustrating ($) to care for an allergic pet. I feel bad for pet and caregiver Genetic and environmental differences are interesting and confusing factors Your dog’s immune system is a life saver! I have seen dogs dogs that did not get their vaccinations on time come down with distemper, have seizures and die. I have cut a dogs head off to check for rabies. My dogs get whatever vaccinations that their veterinarian says they should get. Lets talk about some short and long term options Reality: Private Practice Grand Dad: “Don’t tell me more than I need to know” Two parts of the immune system Workers (reactive part): protects us from infections (bacteria, viruses and parasites) Regulators (supervisory part): keeps the workers on right track (do the right job at the right time) Allergies: supervisor is not doing the job correctly. This allows workers to overact against stuff (pollens) that they should just leave alone. Workers have “OCD” and Supervisor: “ADD” Epidermal Barrier Function: “New” school Not just anatomical “bricks and mortar’ The bricks and mortar are very physiologically and chemically active Vet Path 38: 720-723 (2001) EM Observations of Stratum Corneum Intercelular lipids in Normal and Atopic Dogs.
    [Show full text]