DOCSLIB.ORG

A Patent Citation Network Analysis of Telecommunication Switches

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Patent Citation Network Analysis of Telecommunication Switches The dynamics of technological discontinuities : a patent citation network analysis of telecommunication switches Citation for published version (APA): Martinelli, A. (2010). The dynamics of technological discontinuities : a patent citation network analysis of telecommunication switches. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR675978 DOI: 10.6100/IR675978 Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2010 Document Version: Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement: www.tue.nl/taverne Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at: [email protected] providing details and we will investigate your claim. Download date: 29. Sep. 2021 The dynamics of technological discontinuities: a patent citation network analysis of telecommunication switches Arianna Martinelli The Dynamics of Technological Discontinuities: a Patent Citation Network Analysis of Telecommunication Switches PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr.ir. C.J. van Duijn, voor een commissie aangewezen door het College voor Promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 28 juni 2010 om 16.00 uur door Arianna Martinelli geboren te Milaan, Italië Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotor: prof.dr. B. Verspagen Copromotoren: dr. A. Nuvolari en dr. B.M. Sadowski The Dynamics of Technological Discontinuities: a Patent Citation Network Analysis of Telecom- munication Switches / by Arianna Martinelli - Eidhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2010. - Proefschrift.- A catalogue record is available from the Eindhoven University of Technology Library ISBN: 978-90-386-2285-9 Keywords: Technology Dynamics / Patent Citation Networks / Telecommunication Switches NUR: 741 Cover design: Norman Hera (http://www.herabros.de) Photos: US patent 3,581,016 Printed by: Druckerei Richter Pai Mei: [punches through a block of wood from three inches away] Since your arm now belongs to me, I want it strong. Can you do that? The Bride: I can, but not that close. Pai Mei: Then you can’t do it. What if your enemy is three inches in front of you, what do you do then? Curl into a ball? Or do you put your fist through him? (Quentin Tarantino, “Kill Bill Vol. 2”) Acknowledgement Writing this (last) bite of the thesis makes me realize I survived my “Omaha beach”, with all respect for those who were really there in 1944. This comparison started in autumn 2007, when, after my holiday in Normandy, my supervisor Alessandro Nuvolari suggested the similarity between the PhD and D-day. Retrospectively, I think it was one of the most clumsy attempts to cheer me up during one of my periods of PhD blues. However, he indeed succeeded. I am still wondering why this argument worked but I suspect it did because it spelled out what I refused to accept for a great part of this experience: the loneliness of research. This might sound a bit dramatic considering the amount of conferences, workshops, and seminars we attend in order to make everybody else aware of our ideas and doubts. But at the end of the day, research is a lonely path. In any case, the Ph-D-day metaphor brought up some questions: what is the role of encouraging colleagues? And of other Phd students? I am still wondering about the role of supervisors: are they the ones encouraging you from behind the firing line, or just the “family picture” to keep in the pocket and look at during the inevitable panic? I haven’t figured it out yet, and I am perfectly happy to keep my doubts. As regards supervision, I feel very lucky; not only did I have active supervisors, but I could also count on the help of many colleagues. I am truly indebted to Alessandro Nuvolari for his help and support, but also for his pushy attitude (Pai Mei docet). He was inspirational and a great source of encouragement. He patiently addressed my questions and doubts, and very generously shared his knowledge, from W. Churchill’s quotations to bad steam engine design. His thesis The making of the steam power technology was of great inspiration as a successful example of combining qualitative and quantitative research about artifacts and their technological development. Finally, not v being a historian myself, discussion with Alessandro allowed me to enlarge, if not my research interests, my general perspectives on long-term economic development. The support I received by Bart Verspagen was less continuous but no less important and useful. I really appreciate Bart’s challenges, research rigor, and directness in addressing the “bad and the good” of my thesis. Furthermore, he seemed to know exactly when I needed to be reassured about “being on the right track”. I cannot imagine what a PhD student could ask more of his promoter. Finally, I would like to thank Bert Sadowski and the members of the “Small Committee” for providing useful insights and comments. Even if they were not officially involved in my PhD, a special mention goes to some other people working at the (former) T&B group. First of all, I would like to thank Rudi Bekkers for sharing not only his immense knowledge on telecommunication switches but also his (probably even larger) music library. It is not the time for blame, but it is Rudi’s fault if I felt in love with telecommunication switches, and after opening the Pandora’s box he was very good in keeping up the “engineering mentoring”. He got me a soldering iron and his help was fundamental for catching up on the engineering background. Finally, he read and reviewed several drafts of the chapters providing very useful comments. It was also a great pleasure to share several breaks with Önder Nomaler who sometimes scared me with extremely odd ideas... some of which are now incorporated in the thesis after recognizing they were indeed very good ones (I still remember the first time we discussed “the genetic approach to patents”). Önder was also extremely helpful in selecting the title of this thesis. If you do not like it, that is my responsibility, as his actual suggestion was: Networked Learning of Technology for Make Benefit Glorious Notion of Cumulativeness. In the years at Tu/e I have shared the office with very patient Dutch colleagues; they did not seem too bothered by my Mum’s frequent phone calls. Both Bas and Sjoerd helped me with the daily troubles of being a foreigner and my Dutch integration process. In particular, observing Sjoerd I learnt how to prepare a good sandwich with brown bread, Becel, and chocolate hagelslag. Finally, I would like to thank Letty Calame for her help in sorting out some bureaucracy during the PhD, for the cutest iPhone sleeve I have ever had, and for being such nice company at Scala. Over time, many more people made T&B a pleasant place to work. I am sure I am forgetting someone, but I would like to thank: Isabel, Alberto, Irene, Effie, Michiel, Andrew, Jojo, Lili, Ted, Ies, Marianne, Saskia, Saurabh, and Wim. I have lost count of the lunches and beers we had together, but each of them was a great pleasure. Beyond T&B, it is difficult to keep track of the “invisible college” that contributed directly and indirectly to this work. In general, I would like to thank all the participants in the ESSID Summer School 2005, the DIMETIC sessions in 2006, and the DIME conferences/workshops I attended over the years. In particular, Daniel Ljunberg was always very supportive. He not only read and commented several drafts of papers, notes, and chapters, but also always reassured me that I really could make it. Since more than one year ago, I moved from Tu/e to Friedrich Schiller University in Jena. I feel very lucky to work in such a dynamic and enthusiastic place. It is difficult to express how much I feel indebted to Marco Guerzoni for the good care he took of me in the last part of the PhD. It is great fun, after years, to be able to share the house with such a good old friend. I found his scientific attitude and painstaking theorizing about everything very inspiring. Finally, I am not totally sure our “regression towards the mean” is working, however I am trying hard to be more optimistic (and to forget about Arianna-type problems) and to overcome my annoyance for his good mood in the morning.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • No. 1 Crossbar and Crossbar Tandem Systems
    CHAPTER 7 NO. 1 CROSSBAR AND CROSSBAR TANDEM SYSTEMS 7.1 NO. 1 CROSSBAR SYSTEM A. GENERAL The No. 1 Crossbar System was developed in the mid-1930's to overcome some of the disadvantages of the Panel System. For instance, No. 1 Crossbar offered better transmission characteristics by using precious metal contacts in talking path connections; gave one appearance to each s_ubscriber line on the frames for both originating and terminating traffic; and PBX hunting lines could be added without number changes. No. 1 Crossbar also made possible shorter call completing times and required less system maintenance. Since it was expected that this system would be used largely in panel areas, revertive pulsinfi was employed for both incoming and outgoing traff~c. The o. 1 Crossbar System is also a common control system; its originating and terminating equipment each has its own senders which function with the markers to complete subscribers • connections. A simplified view of the overall equipment arrangement is shown in Figure 7-1. ORIG. OFFICE I ,.--.._.;;;.._~~==---r-, I ~_.~ SUBS. ORIG. TERM. SDR. MKR. SDR. Figure 7-1 Simplified Block Diagram - No. 1 Crossbar System 7.1 CH. 7 - NO. 1 CROSSBAR AND CROSSBAR TANDEM SYSTEMS From a traffic standpoint the major No. 1 Crossbar dial system frames may be. divided into two general classes: Originating Equipment Terminating Equipment Line Link Frame Incoming Frame Group District Frame Group Incoming Trunk Frame District Junctor Frame Incoming Link Frame District Link Frame Incoming Link Extension Frame Subscriber Sender Link Terminating Sender link Frame Office Link Frame Terminating Sender Frame Office Extension Frame Terminating Marker Subscriber Sender Frame Connector Frame Originating Marker Connector Terminating Marker Frame Frame Number Group Connector Frame Originating Marker Frame Block Relay Frame Line Distributing Frame Line Choice Connector Frame Line Junctor Connector Frame Line Link Frame Two distributing frames are also provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Exchange / Seattle Public Library Queen Anne Warehouse 1529 4Th Avenue West, Seattle Landmark
    Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Exchange / Seattle Public Library Queen Anne Warehouse 1529 4th Avenue West, Seattle Landmark Nomination BOLA Architecture + Planning Seattle December 21, 2015 Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Exchange / Seattle Public Library Queen Anne Warehouse Landmark Nomination 1529 4th Avenue W, Seattle December 21, 2015 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1 Background Research Seattle’s Landmark Designation Process Preservation Incentives Design Reviews of Proposed Changes to a Landmark 2. Property Data 4 3. Historic Context Statement 5 Historic Overview of Queen Anne Hill The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Company in Seattle The Building’s Construction History The Original Designers The Role of Women as Switchboard Operators 4. Architectural Description 12 Neighborhood Context The Site The Structure and Exterior Facades Interior Layout and Features Changes to the Original Building 5. Bibliography and Resources 18 6. Photographs and Images 23 Figure Index Images Select Drawings Cover: Views looking southwest at the building: Museum of Communications, 1923; King County Tax Assessor’s Property Record Card, 1936; Contemporary, BOLA, July 2015. BOLA Architecture + Planning 159 Western Avenue West, Suite 486 Seattle, Washington 98119 206.447.4749 Name (common, present, or historic): The Pacific Telegraph and Telephone Garfield Exchange / Seattle Public Library Queen Anne Warehouse Year built: 1921-1922, 1929 (remodeled in 1950 and 1961); 1977 (Renovation) Street and number: 1529 4th Avenue West, Seattle WA 98119 Assessor's file no.: 423290-3170
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Perspectives of Development of Antique Analog Telephone Systems Vinayak L
    Review Historical Perspectives of Development of Antique Analog Telephone Systems Vinayak L. Patil Trinity College of Engineering and Research, University of Pune, Pune, India Abstract—Long distance voice communication has been al- ways of great interest to human beings. His untiring efforts and intuition from many years together was responsible for making it to happen to a such advanced stage today. This pa- per describes the development time line of antique telephone systems, which starts from the year 1854 and begins with the very early effort of Antonio Meucci and Alexander Graham magnet core Bell and ends up to the telephone systems just before digiti- Wire 1Coil with permanent Wire 2 zation of entire telecommunication systems. The progress of development of entire antique telephone systems is highlighted in this paper. The coverage is limited to only analog voice communication in a narrow band related to human voice. Diaphragm Keywords—antique telephones, common battery systems, cross- bar switches, PSTN, voice band communication, voice commu- nication, strowger switches. Fig. 1. The details of Meucci’s telephone. 1. Initial Claims and Inventions Since centuries, telecommunications have been of great cally. Due to this idea, many of the scientific community interest to the human beings. One of the dignified per- consider him as one of the inventors of telephone [10]. sonality in the field of telecommunication was Antonio Boursuel used term “make and break” telephone in his Meucci [1]–[7] (born in 1808) who worked relentlessly for work. In 1850, Philip Reis [11]–[13] began work on tele- communication to distant person throughout his life and in- phone.
    [Show full text]
  • The Panel Dial Telephone Switching System Douglas A. Kerr Issue 6 June 15, 2018
    The panel dial telephone switching system Douglas A. Kerr Issue 6 June 15, 2018 ABSTRACT In the 1910s, AT&T, the parent of the Bell Telephone System, anxious to reduce the stupendous labor costs of manual telephone switching (especially in large metropolitan areas), and realizing that the most prominent available switching system (the Strowger system) had serious limitations of its use in such areas, undertook the development from the ground up of a switching system based on many entirely new concepts. This system, the panel dial switching system, came to be the mainstay of the Bell System’s program of mechanizing telephone service in many of the largest cities in the U.S. In this article, we will learn of the evolution of this system, of the unique mechanisms around which it revolves, and of the implications of its basic operational principle, known as common control. Considerable detail in system operation is given, although not usually at the circuit level, except where necessary to illustrate an important concept. 1 HISTORICAL CONTEXT 1.1 The telephone industry in 1910 By 1910, the telephone industry in the United States was well on the way to its “classical” structure, which existed until about 1984. The Bell Telephone System, owned by American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), was becoming the major force in the industry, and provided local telephone service in most of the nation’s largest cities (often after acquiring existing locally-owned telephone companies, sometime several competing ones in the same city, whose operations had to be harmonized and consolidated). In about 1907, AT&T adopted the slogan, “One Policy, One System, Universal Service”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Telecom Meltdown for a Listing of Recent Titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, Turn to the Back of This Book
    The Great Telecom Meltdown For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, turn to the back of this book. The Great Telecom Meltdown Fred R. Goldstein a r techhouse. com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Goldstein, Fred R. The great telecom meltdown.—(Artech House telecommunications Library) 1. Telecommunication—History 2. Telecommunciation—Technological innovations— History 3. Telecommunication—Finance—History I. Title 384’.09 ISBN 1-58053-939-4 Cover design by Leslie Genser © 2005 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-939-4 10987654321 Contents ix Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC) Gave Cable Providers an Advantage on “Triple Play” 122 RBOCs Took the Threat Seriously 123 Hybrid Fiber-Coax Is Developed 123 Cable Modems
    [Show full text]
  • The 805A PBX- a Switching Bargain for Small Businesses
    Bell Labs cost of dial stcitches solid-state circuitry. small rC(flliring is to install The 805A PBX- A Switching Bargain For Small Businesses John Lemp, Jr. LL OPERATING COMPANIES have small business com trunks, and those with unrestricted tele- A customers who would like to have a dial pri- phones (having access to both inside and outside vate branch exchange (PBX) of modest size, but trunks) can gain access to the central office to have had to settle for smaller, less useful, manual place outside calls by dialing a single digit. People PBX systems. In many cases, the flexibility pro- using restricted telephones, on the other hand, re- vided by larger, more comprehensive PBX systems quire the attendant's assistance to make outside is not worth the additional cost. But now there is calls; the attendant can complete the call or allow an alternative-the 805A PBX, which has been de- the restricted station user to dial the number signed at the Bell Laboratories Denver location himself. to meet the demand for low-cost basic PBX service. The 805A is the first Bell System PBX that com- The new PBX, which uses existing technology and bines integrated circuitry in the control unit with emphasizes maintainability, has been in produc- a crossbar switching network. Integrated circuits tion for over a year and has gained rapid accept- make the equipment compact, highly reliable, and ance wherever appropriate tariffs have been filed easy to maintain. And the crossbar switch is the -in fact, New Jersey Bell marketing people have same one used in No.
    [Show full text]
  • Bell System Practices Index
    BELL SYSTEM PRACTICES SECTION 460-000-006 AT & TCo Standard Issue 6, February 1979 ALPHABETIC-NUMERIC INDEX STATION, KEY, PBX, AND PRIVATE SERVICE SYSTEMS 1. GENERAL Here is a list of the symbols and the service 1.01 This section provides an alpha-numeric index manual to which they refer. of sections required for the installation and maintenance of customer product equipment and SA-Station Service Manual I apparatus. SB-Station Service Manual II SC-Station Specialties Service Manual I 1.02 This section is reissued to update the SO-Station Specialties Service Manual II alpha-numeric index. CA-Coin Service Manual I CB-Coin Service Manual II 1.03 This index combines the features of both !A-Interconnect Service Manual I alphabetic and numeric indexes. Sections IB-Interconnect Service Manual II can be located by referring first to the common KA-Key Service Manual I nomenclature or ordering nomenclature, then referring KB-Key Service Manual II to a major indention for the type of information KC-Key Service Manual III such as Identification, Installation, Maintenance, PA-Dial PBX Service Manual Reference, Service, etc., and then to the alphabetical or numerical listing. 1.04 Many of the section numbers in this index are preceded by a two letter symbol such as SA. This symbol indicates that the section is contained in a service manual in addition to the standard BSP files. NOTICE Not for use or disclosure outside the Bell System except under written agreement Printed in U.S.A. Page 1 SECTION 460-000-006 AC-TYPE (USED WITH 220-, 226-, 2220-, ADDRESSABLE
    [Show full text]
  • Switching Relations: the Rise and Fall of the Norwegian Telecom Industry
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Switching Relations The rise and fall of the Norwegian telecom industry by Sverre A. Christensen A dissertation submitted to BI Norwegian School of Management for the Degree of Dr.Oecon Series of Dissertations 2/2006 BI Norwegian School of Management Department of Innovation and Economic Organization Sverre A. Christensen: Switching Relations: The rise and fall of the Norwegian telecom industry © Sverre A. Christensen 2006 Series of Dissertations 2/2006 ISBN: 82 7042 746 2 ISSN: 1502-2099 BI Norwegian School of Management N-0442 Oslo Phone: +47 4641 0000 www.bi.no Printing: Nordberg The dissertation may be ordered from our website www.bi.no (Research - Research Publications) ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Knut Sogner, who has played a crucial role throughout the entire process. Thanks for having confidence and patience with me. A special thanks also to Mats Fridlund, who has been so gracious as to let me use one of his titles for this dissertation, Switching relations. My thanks go also to the staff at the Centre of Business History at the Norwegian School of Management, most particularly Gunhild Ecklund and Dag Ove Skjold who have been of great support during turbulent years. Also in need of mentioning are Harald Rinde, Harald Espeli and Lars Thue for inspiring discussion and com- ments on earlier drafts. The rest at the centre: no one mentioned, no one forgotten. My thanks also go to the Department of Innovation and Economic Organization at the Norwegian School of Management, and Per Ingvar Olsen.
    [Show full text]
  • And 9-GSPS, RF-Sampling DAC with JESD204B
    Product Order Technical Tools & Support & Folder Now Documents Software Community DAC38RF86, DAC38RF96 DAC38RF87, DAC38RF97 SLASEF4B –FEBRUARY 2017–REVISED JULY 2017 DAC38RFxx Dual-Channel, Single-Ended, 14-Bit, 6- and 9-GSPS, RF-Sampling DAC With JESD204B Interface and On-Chip GSM PLL 1 Features 3 Description The DAC38RF86/96 is a family of high-performance, 1• 14-Bit Resolution dual-channel, 14-bit, 9-GSPS, RF-sampling digital-to- • Maximum DAC Sample Rate: analog converters (DACs) that are capable of – 9.0 GSPS (DAC38RF86, DAC38RF96) synthesizing wideband signals from 0 to 4.5 GHz. – 6.2 GSPS (DAC38RF87, DAC38RF97) The DAC38RF87/97 is also a family of high- performance, dual-channel, 14-bit, 6-GSPS, RF- • Key Specifications: sampling digital-to-analog converters (DACs) that are – RF Full-Scale Output Power at 2.1 GHz:0 dBm capable of synthesizing wideband signals from 0 to 3 – Spectral Performance, DAC38RF87/97 GHz. A high dynamic range allows the DAC38RFxx – f = 5898.24 MSPS, f = 2.14 GHz family to generate signals for a wide range of DAC OUT applications including 3G/4G signals for wireless – WCDMA ACLR: 73 dBc base-stations and radar. – WCDMA alt-ACLR: 77 dBc The devices feature a low-power JESD204B Interface – Spectral Performance, DAC38RF86/96 with up to 8 lanes with a maximum bit rate of 12.5 – fDAC = 8847.36 MSPS, fOUT = 3.7 GHz Gbps allowing an input data rate of 1.25 GSPS – 20 MHz LTE ACLR: 66 dBc complex per channel. The DAC38RFxx provides two digital up-converters per channel, with multiple – fDAC = 9 GSPS, fOUT = 1.8 GHz, –6 dBFS options for interpolation rates.
    [Show full text]
  • 3D Crossbar Switching Architecture
    Novel Design of Three-Dimensional Crossbar for Future Network on Chip based on Post-Silicon Devices Kumiko Nomura André DeHon Keiko Abe, Shinobu Fujita Department of Computer Science, Corporate R&D Center, Toshiba Corporation, California Institute of Technology, 1, Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, 212-8582, Pasadena CA91125, USA Japan E-mail: [email protected] Email: {kumiko.nomura, keiko2.abe, shinobu.fujita} @toshiba.co.jp Abstract.We present a novel 3D crossbar for future Network-on Although there have been many concrete designs for 2D –a-Chip implementations. We introduce a routing algorithm for crossbar bus, most of them are locally optimized for each circuit the 3D crossbar circuit and detail two specific 3D crossbar and cannot be applied to 3D circuit design. In this paper, we topologies. We evaluate the defect tolerance of the 3D crossbar describe general design for a 3D crossbar NoC using new 3D and quantify the number of extra layers required to support arbitrary permutations as a function of the defect rate. Further, circuits and explore tradeoffs, which arise optimizing the we estimate the circuit performance and advantages of the 3D crossbar design. Such optimized 3D on-chip crossbars may crossbar circuit based on post-silicon devices. prove beneficial in many parts of a microchip design where data transfer is the performance limiting bottleneck. Keywords; three-dimensional crossbar, post-Si device, network-on-a- chip The contributions of this paper include the following points: x Elaborations and optimization of 3-stage 3D crossbar switching architecture. 1. Introduction x Adaptations of Leighton’s Mesh Routing Algorithm to The performance of recent microchips tends to be dominated by perform routing for a 3-stage, spatial 3D crossbar.
    [Show full text]
  • Switching Systems Management No. 4A and 4M
    DIAL FACILITIES MANAGEMENT PRACTICES DIVISION H AT & TCo Standard SECTION 13b{1) Issue 1, February 1976 SWITCHING SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT NO. 4A AND 4M CROSSBAR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ELECTROMECHANICAL-CARD TRANSLATOR SYSTEM CONTENTS PAGE CONTENTS PAGE A. Call Through a Combined Train-CT 1. GENERAL 4 Office 11 COMMON CONTROL 4 B. Call Through a Separate Train-CT Office 12 CONNECTORS 5 C. Calls Requiring Outgoing Senders 12 4-WIRE TALKING PATH 5 4. EQUIPMENT ELEMENTS 13 ROUTE TRANSLATION 5 ELEMENTS COMMON TO CT AND ET OFFICES CARD TRANSLATOR 5 13 STORED PROGRAM CONTROL STORE 5 A. Marker 13 2. SWITCHING PRINCIPLES 5 B. Switching Frames and Their Connectors 16 CROSSBAR SWITCH 5 C. Incoming Sender 16 SWITCHING FRAMES 6 D. Sender Link Frame 18 A. Incoming Frames 6 E. Link Controller and Connector 19 B. Outgoing Frames 7 F. Trunk Block Connector 19 JUNCTORS 8 G. Decoder Connector 20 A. Frame Grouping 8 H. Marker Connector 21 B. Switching Trains 9 I. Outgoing Senders 21 C. Offtee Size 9 J. Multifrequency Pulsing Receiving Frame CONTROL OF SWITCHING OPERATIONS 9 21 3. FUNCTIONS OF PRINCIPAL EQUIPMENT K. Multifrequency Current Supply Frame ELEMENTS 10 21 NOTICE Not for use or disclosure outside the Bell System except under written agreement 006 066 Printed in U.S.A. Page 1 SECTION 13b(l) CONTENTS PAGE CONTENTS PAGE L. Frame Identification Frequency Supply I. Plug-in Trunk Test Set 44 Frame 22 J. Frame Identification Frequency Test Set M. Traffic Overload Reroute Control 44 (Manual) 22 TOLL UNE MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT 45 N. Traffic Control Console 22 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Bell Laboratories Record Tomer Wishes
    THE PICTURE OF THE FUTURE The Bell System is about to add PICTURE- PHONE® service to the many services it now of- fers customers. A major trial of a Picturephone system is presently under way, and commercial service is scheduled for mid 1970. Because Pic- turephone service is a large undertaking that will have a profound effect on communications, the RECORD is pleased to be able to present this special issue describing the new system for our readers. Special issues have become an important part of the RECORD's continuing story of science and technology at Bell Labs. The first one, in June 1958, dealt with the transistor and marked the tenth anniversary of its invention at Bell Labs. Since then there have been special issues on the TELSTAR® project, No. 1 Ess, and integrated elec- tronics. In addition, there have been single-topic issues devoted to the N-3 and L-4 carrier trans- mission systems. We hope to continue to present such special issues from time to time as a way of highlighting subjects of special importance. Contents PAGE 134 PICTUREPHONE Service-A New Way of Communicating An introduction by Julius P. Molnar, Executive Vice President, Bell Telephone Laboratories. 136 PICTUREPHONE Irwin Dorros A broad view of the PICTUREPHONE system sets the stage for the more detailed discussions that f ollow. 142 Getting the Picture C. G. Davis The acceptance of PICTUREPHONE service depends largely on the equipment that people will see and use-the PICTUREPHONE set itself. 148 Video Service for Business J. R. Harris and R.
    [Show full text]