Bell System Practices Index
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No. 1 Crossbar and Crossbar Tandem Systems
CHAPTER 7 NO. 1 CROSSBAR AND CROSSBAR TANDEM SYSTEMS 7.1 NO. 1 CROSSBAR SYSTEM A. GENERAL The No. 1 Crossbar System was developed in the mid-1930's to overcome some of the disadvantages of the Panel System. For instance, No. 1 Crossbar offered better transmission characteristics by using precious metal contacts in talking path connections; gave one appearance to each s_ubscriber line on the frames for both originating and terminating traffic; and PBX hunting lines could be added without number changes. No. 1 Crossbar also made possible shorter call completing times and required less system maintenance. Since it was expected that this system would be used largely in panel areas, revertive pulsinfi was employed for both incoming and outgoing traff~c. The o. 1 Crossbar System is also a common control system; its originating and terminating equipment each has its own senders which function with the markers to complete subscribers • connections. A simplified view of the overall equipment arrangement is shown in Figure 7-1. ORIG. OFFICE I ,.--.._.;;;.._~~==---r-, I ~_.~ SUBS. ORIG. TERM. SDR. MKR. SDR. Figure 7-1 Simplified Block Diagram - No. 1 Crossbar System 7.1 CH. 7 - NO. 1 CROSSBAR AND CROSSBAR TANDEM SYSTEMS From a traffic standpoint the major No. 1 Crossbar dial system frames may be. divided into two general classes: Originating Equipment Terminating Equipment Line Link Frame Incoming Frame Group District Frame Group Incoming Trunk Frame District Junctor Frame Incoming Link Frame District Link Frame Incoming Link Extension Frame Subscriber Sender Link Terminating Sender link Frame Office Link Frame Terminating Sender Frame Office Extension Frame Terminating Marker Subscriber Sender Frame Connector Frame Originating Marker Connector Terminating Marker Frame Frame Number Group Connector Frame Originating Marker Frame Block Relay Frame Line Distributing Frame Line Choice Connector Frame Line Junctor Connector Frame Line Link Frame Two distributing frames are also provided. -
Chicago Telephone Company's Game
THE VOLUME NINE NUMBER NINE In This Issue- ''Machine Switching for the Bell System'' Subscrib~ r1 11 Dial By Bancroft Gherardi, Vice-President and Chief Engineer, and Harry P. Charlesworth, Equipment and Transmission Engineer, of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. APRIL. 1920 SAVE COAL The X-Ray Reflector SAVE LABOR SAVE MATERIAL i.n the with Luminous Bowl POWERS The X-Ray silver-mirrored reflec tor used inside the X-Ray luminous bowl fixture gives true indirect HEAT REGULATION lighting. The diagram below illustrates the Your' employees, in office or shop, work better, with way this principle is worked out fewer mistake; and accident.>, when the room temperature the mirror reflector inside the· bowl and the porcelain cup at the bottom is automatically kept right. of the reflector which allows suffi A~:tomatic control in processes involving heat saves cient light through it to illuminate labor a.nd rr:aterial. the bowl itself. The result is a flood of mellow, Controlling heat at the point of use saves <:oal and evenly diffused light to the furthest labor, !besides improving output in quality -and quan corner of the room. tity. Write lor our new booklet on oHice Ask us to prove it to you at ur risk. lighting-Serial No. 134 THE POWERS REGULATOR CO. Specialists in Automatic Heat Control 973 Arehitecta Bldg., Ne w York 2162 M all.ers Bldg., Chicago 384 The Fo>deral St. Bldg., Booton The Canadian Powers Regulator National X-Ray Reflector Co. Co., Ltd. New York CHICAGO San Franciaco Toronto, Ont. (1211) W~~BASB 640 l'vill put you in toucn with per sonal and experienced insur "less cost per day of service" amce service for getting most reasonable rates and broadest ELEPHONE MEN the T world over know how the protection for your property, Columbia Gray Label proves household goods, automobile, the old adage that "talk is baggage and jewelry against cheap." Columbias are built to make the line talk up with a fire and theft. -
Historical Perspectives of Development of Antique Analog Telephone Systems Vinayak L
Review Historical Perspectives of Development of Antique Analog Telephone Systems Vinayak L. Patil Trinity College of Engineering and Research, University of Pune, Pune, India Abstract—Long distance voice communication has been al- ways of great interest to human beings. His untiring efforts and intuition from many years together was responsible for making it to happen to a such advanced stage today. This pa- per describes the development time line of antique telephone systems, which starts from the year 1854 and begins with the very early effort of Antonio Meucci and Alexander Graham magnet core Bell and ends up to the telephone systems just before digiti- Wire 1Coil with permanent Wire 2 zation of entire telecommunication systems. The progress of development of entire antique telephone systems is highlighted in this paper. The coverage is limited to only analog voice communication in a narrow band related to human voice. Diaphragm Keywords—antique telephones, common battery systems, cross- bar switches, PSTN, voice band communication, voice commu- nication, strowger switches. Fig. 1. The details of Meucci’s telephone. 1. Initial Claims and Inventions Since centuries, telecommunications have been of great cally. Due to this idea, many of the scientific community interest to the human beings. One of the dignified per- consider him as one of the inventors of telephone [10]. sonality in the field of telecommunication was Antonio Boursuel used term “make and break” telephone in his Meucci [1]–[7] (born in 1808) who worked relentlessly for work. In 1850, Philip Reis [11]–[13] began work on tele- communication to distant person throughout his life and in- phone. -
The Great Telecom Meltdown for a Listing of Recent Titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, Turn to the Back of This Book
The Great Telecom Meltdown For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, turn to the back of this book. The Great Telecom Meltdown Fred R. Goldstein a r techhouse. com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Goldstein, Fred R. The great telecom meltdown.—(Artech House telecommunications Library) 1. Telecommunication—History 2. Telecommunciation—Technological innovations— History 3. Telecommunication—Finance—History I. Title 384’.09 ISBN 1-58053-939-4 Cover design by Leslie Genser © 2005 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-939-4 10987654321 Contents ix Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC) Gave Cable Providers an Advantage on “Triple Play” 122 RBOCs Took the Threat Seriously 123 Hybrid Fiber-Coax Is Developed 123 Cable Modems -
The 805A PBX- a Switching Bargain for Small Businesses
Bell Labs cost of dial stcitches solid-state circuitry. small rC(flliring is to install The 805A PBX- A Switching Bargain For Small Businesses John Lemp, Jr. LL OPERATING COMPANIES have small business com trunks, and those with unrestricted tele- A customers who would like to have a dial pri- phones (having access to both inside and outside vate branch exchange (PBX) of modest size, but trunks) can gain access to the central office to have had to settle for smaller, less useful, manual place outside calls by dialing a single digit. People PBX systems. In many cases, the flexibility pro- using restricted telephones, on the other hand, re- vided by larger, more comprehensive PBX systems quire the attendant's assistance to make outside is not worth the additional cost. But now there is calls; the attendant can complete the call or allow an alternative-the 805A PBX, which has been de- the restricted station user to dial the number signed at the Bell Laboratories Denver location himself. to meet the demand for low-cost basic PBX service. The 805A is the first Bell System PBX that com- The new PBX, which uses existing technology and bines integrated circuitry in the control unit with emphasizes maintainability, has been in produc- a crossbar switching network. Integrated circuits tion for over a year and has gained rapid accept- make the equipment compact, highly reliable, and ance wherever appropriate tariffs have been filed easy to maintain. And the crossbar switch is the -in fact, New Jersey Bell marketing people have same one used in No. -
Switching Relations: the Rise and Fall of the Norwegian Telecom Industry
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Switching Relations The rise and fall of the Norwegian telecom industry by Sverre A. Christensen A dissertation submitted to BI Norwegian School of Management for the Degree of Dr.Oecon Series of Dissertations 2/2006 BI Norwegian School of Management Department of Innovation and Economic Organization Sverre A. Christensen: Switching Relations: The rise and fall of the Norwegian telecom industry © Sverre A. Christensen 2006 Series of Dissertations 2/2006 ISBN: 82 7042 746 2 ISSN: 1502-2099 BI Norwegian School of Management N-0442 Oslo Phone: +47 4641 0000 www.bi.no Printing: Nordberg The dissertation may be ordered from our website www.bi.no (Research - Research Publications) ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Knut Sogner, who has played a crucial role throughout the entire process. Thanks for having confidence and patience with me. A special thanks also to Mats Fridlund, who has been so gracious as to let me use one of his titles for this dissertation, Switching relations. My thanks go also to the staff at the Centre of Business History at the Norwegian School of Management, most particularly Gunhild Ecklund and Dag Ove Skjold who have been of great support during turbulent years. Also in need of mentioning are Harald Rinde, Harald Espeli and Lars Thue for inspiring discussion and com- ments on earlier drafts. The rest at the centre: no one mentioned, no one forgotten. My thanks also go to the Department of Innovation and Economic Organization at the Norwegian School of Management, and Per Ingvar Olsen. -
Issued: October 1, 2007 Effective: October 11, 2007 BY
WIRELESS CARRIER INTERCONNECTION SERVICE TARIFF 8th Revised Sheet 1 Replacing 7th Revised Sheet 1 INDEX WIRELESS CARRIER INTERCONNECTION SERVICE Sheet GENERAL 1 DEFINITIONS 1 GENERAL REGULATIONS 3 (CT) Liability of the Company 3 Obligations of the Carrier 4 Payments, Deposits and Termination of Service 5 Directory Listings 7 Directory Assistance 7 Directory Assistance Call Completion 7 Operator Service 8 Special Construction 8 Radio Transmitter Links 8 Special Service Arrangements 8 Telephone Numbers 8 Wireless Carrier Provided Facilities 9 Telecommunications Service Priority System 9A Additional Engineering and Labor 9A Assignment and Transfer of Facilities 9A DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE 10 FEATURES 13 Optional Features - Nonchargeable 13 Optional Features - Chargeable 14 RATE REGULATIONS 14 Originating Connecting Circuits - Type 1 and Type 2A 14A Terminating Connecting Circuits - Type 1 and Type 2A 15 Area Wide Calling Plan Connecting Circuits 16B Nonrecurring Charges - Type 1 and Type 2A 17 Minimum Monthly Charges - Type 1 and Type 2A 17 Type 2B Service 17 Common Channel Signaling/Signaling System Seven (CCS/SS7) 18A RATES AND CHARGES 19 Vacant 19 Area Wide Calling Plan Usage Rate Elements 19A Directory Assistance Services 19A Directory Assistance Call Completion 19A Telephone Number Groups and Dedicated NXX Charges 21 Nonrecurring Charges 22 WIRELESS 911 CONNECTION CIRCUIT SERVICE 24 Issued: October 1, 2007 Effective: October 11, 2007 BY: MICHAEL R. SCOTT, President-Kansas Southwestern Bell Telephone Company Topeka, Kansas WIRELESS CARRIER INTERCONNECTION SERVICE TARIFF Original Sheet 2 TRADEMARKS AND SERVICE MARKS (AT) Telcordia® and Common Language® are registered trademarks and iconectiv, CLCI, CLEI, CLFI, CLLI, USOC, FID, NC, NCI and NC/NCI, are trademarks of Telcordia Technologies, Inc. -
Timeless Values, Enduring Innovation
TIMELESS VALUES, ENDURING INNOVATION T HE G RAYBAR STORY T H E G R AY B A R S T O RY by Richard Blodgett GREENWICH PUBLISHING GROUP, INC. © 2009 Graybar G b Electric El i Company, C Inc. I All Al rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from Graybar, 34 North Meramec Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63105, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper or broadcast. Produced and published by Greenwich Publishing Group, Inc. Old Lyme, Connecticut www.greenwichpublishing.com Designed by Clare Cunningham Graphic Design Library of Congress Control Number: 2009936538 ISBN: 0-944641-77-6 First Printing: October 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Any trademarks in this book are property of their respective owners. PHOTO CREDITS: Pages 6-7 courtesy of John Nemec Pages 16-17 © Bettmann/CORBIS Page 20 © CORBIS Page 20 (inset) © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS Page 28 (upper left) © Bettmann/CORBIS Page 29 (both) © Bettmann/CORBIS Page 30 (upper right) © Bettmann/CORBIS Page 44 courtesy of John Rodriguez Page 50 Smithsonian Institution SI NEG #EMP122.020 Page 79 (upper) © Bettmann/CORBIS Page 79 (lower) courtesy of AdClassix.com Page 104 © Joel W. Rogers/CORBIS Page 105 © Bettmann/CORBIS Graybar would like to thank Scott Smith and David Torrence, who have helped document Graybar’s history and milestone achievements through photography. -
Searchable PDF Index
TELEPHONE COLLECTORS INTERNATIONAL Telephone Collectors International is an organization of telephone collectors, hobbyists and historians who are helping to preserve the history of the telecommunications industry through the collection of telephones and telephone related material. Our collections represent all aspects of the industry; from the very first wooden prototypes that started the industry to the technological marvels that made the automatic telephone exchange possible. If any of this interests you, we invite you to join our organization. Look around and see what we have to offer. Thanks for stopping by! Telephone Collectors International website including become a member: http://www.telephonecollectors.org/ Questions or comments about TCI? Send e-mail to [email protected] ********************************************************************************* Books Recommended by the editors: Available now ... Old-Time Telephones! Design, History, and Restoration by Ralph O. Meyer ... 264pp Soft Cover 2nd Edition, Expanded and Revised ... A Schiffer Book with Price Guide for Collectors Available at Phoneco.com or Schiffer Publishing, Ltd., 4880 Lower Valley Rd, Atglen, PA 19310 e-mail: [email protected] ********************************************************************************** Coming Soon: TELEPHONE Dials and Pushbuttons Their History, Development and Usage by Stanley Swihart ... 2 volumes, 300 pp ea. Box 2818, Dublin, CA., 94568-0818. Phone 1 (925)-829-2728, e-mail [email protected] ********************************************************************************* -
“Mr. Watson- Come Here- I Want to See You!” These Were the First Words Ever Spoken on a Telephone by Inventor, Alexander Graham Bell on March 10, 1876
“Mr. Watson- Come here- I want to see you!” These were the first words ever spoken on a telephone by inventor, Alexander Graham Bell on March 10, 1876. Many people do not know that the telephone was also being invented at the same time by two other individuals. With only hours separating the two inventors, Alexander Graham Bell patented the device before competitor Elisha Gray could file for his patent. Through the invention of the telephone other technological inventions have been able to be created such as the internet, fax machines, and cellular phones. With the ever-changing habits of communication, the telephone has allowed the transformation of technology to adapt to the ever-increasing needs of the consumer. Wall Mounted Phones Wood Wall phones were among the first phones that were made available to the public by the early telephone companies of the late 1900s. Most of these phones had self contained batteries to provide transmission power, and a magneto to generate the electricity required to ring the bells of the party being called. This strategy enabled telephone users to communicate with each other without the requirement for a centralized power supply. An added benefit was derived from the fact that the local batteries provided a stronger more consistent power source compared to common battery power that suffered from line attenuation in the extended line runs common in rural settings. The manufacture of local battery phones with magneto ringing was essentially This wood wall phone was manufactured discontinued in the US during the 1940s. The rural nature of Canada, however, created an by the Century Telephone Construction ongoing need for these phones. -
Telephone Sets-Modular Type
BELL SYSTEM PRACTICES SECTION 503-100-1 00 AT& TCo Standard Issue 5, April 1979 TELEPHONE SETS-MODULAR TYPE 1. GENERAL • Show current production 630A4 connecting block 1.01 This section contains general information on the modular concept of telephone sets. • Revise Tables A, C, F, G and Fig. 4, 5. 1.02 This section is reissued to: Since this reissue covers a general revision, arrows ordinarily used to indicate changes have been • Add 158A cover omitted. • Add 625FS and G25H connecting blocks 1.03 The modular telephone set is the same as the standard telephone set except the • Add 616W3 and 623D6 jacks telephone set base and handset are jack equipped to accept a plug-ended mounting cord (desk set) • Add lA converter and handset cord (wall and desk sets). Modular wall sets are equipped with a plug to mount on a • Add information on the 228-, 229-, and 630A4 connecting block. 230-type adapters 1.04 Modular telephone sets are available assembled • Add caution information on the 267A adapter (less cords) or as components (housing, handset, telephone set base, etc.). See Tables A • Add 227C, 227D, 248B, 281A, 282A, and through D. 304A adapters 1.05 This section provides for the installation of • Add information on routing of 523A-type connecting blocks, modular telephone sets, plug leads used to convert nonmodular wall and modular components; conversion and/or repair telephone sets to modular of nonmodular telephone sets and nonmodular components. • Add information on 635B connecting block • Add information on D impact tool and 8762D-630 blade 2. IDENTIFICATION • Add D8AA mounting cord 2.01 When installing modular telephone sets or converting sets to modular, various items • Add 523A4B wall set plug of the following auxiliary apparatus will be required. -
NANPA Annual Report 2018
North American Numbering Plan Administrator Annual Report 2018 1 NORTH AMERICAN NUMBERING PLAN Background In October of 2018, following a competitive bidding process, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) awarded Somos, Inc. (Somos), the contract to perform the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA) services, effective January 1, 2019. Pursuant to this award, the system and personnel transitioned from the incumbent to Somos. The NANPA is required to publish, within the first quarter of the year, an annual report covering the performance of the prior year. Somos did not serve as the NANPA during 2018; however, the same personnel who performed the NANPA services in 2018 are now employees of Somos. Somos therefore submits the following 2018 Annual Report in the interest of providing informational continuity to the FCC and the industry. By doing so, Somos does not intend to speak for or represent the interests of the former incumbent. History The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) was developed by AT&T in 1947 to simplify and facilitate direct dialing of long-distance calls. NANP telephone numbers are ten-digit numbers consisting of a three-digit Numbering Plan Area (NPA) code, commonly called an area code, followed by a seven-digit local number. The NANP is an integrated numbering plan serving twenty North American countries that share its resources. Regulatory authorities in each participating country have plenary authority over numbering resources, but all participating countries, implicitly or explicitly, share numbering resources cooperatively. This approach has been successful for seventy years. North American Numbering Plan Administration AT&T administered shared numbering resources such as area codes until divestiture of the Bell System in 1984, when these functions were transferred to Bellcore under the Plan of Reorganization.