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Heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia (1991-2019)
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 1 September 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0027.v1 Article Heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia (1991-2019) Jovan Jonovski1, * 1 Macedonian Heraldic Society; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +38970252989 Abstract: Every country has some specific heraldry. In this paper, we will consider heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia, understood by the multitude of coats of arms, and armorial knowledge and art. The paper covers the period from independence until the name change (1991-2019). It co- vers the state coat of arms of the Republic of Macedonia especially the 2009 change. Special atten- tion is given to the development of the municipal heraldry, including the legal system covering the subject. Also personal heraldry developed in 21 century is considered. The paper covers the de- velopment of heraldry and the heraldic thought in the given period, including the role of the Macedonian Heraldic Society and its journal Macedonian Herald in development of theoretic and practical heraldry, as well as its Register of arms and the Macedonian Civic Heraldic System. Keywords: Heraldry in Macedonia; Macedonian civic heraldry; Republic of Macedonia. 1. Introduction The Republic of Macedonia became independent from the Socialist Federative Re- public of Yugoslavia with the Referendum of 8 September 1991. The Democratic Federal Macedonia was formed during the first session of the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the Na- tional Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM) on 2 August 1944 (it later became the People’s Republic of Macedonia, a federal unit of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia). -
Hadrian and the Greek East
HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way. -
70/30 Cupronickel
70/30 cupronickel www.columbiametals.com CN107 / C71500 / CW354H / DEF STAN 02-780 [email protected] 70/30 is a copper nickel alloy noted for its excellent resistance to corrosion, erosion and pitting combined with a good strength, workability and weldability. It has enjoyed a long and successful history in the marine sector that has since extended to industries including offshore oil and gas, power generation, desalination and cooling plants. 70/30 cupronickel The most popular specifications covering this alloy are the CN107 and C71500 designations, although the Naval Engineering specifications DEF STAN 02-780 or NES 780 offer tighter controls on impurities and mechanical properties together with a mandatory impact value. 70/30 is best renowned for its excellent corrosion and erosion resistance, especially in marine environments. Its corrosion resistance is improved in higher velocity waters (up to 4.5m/s) and polluted seawater. It is also highly resistant to stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue and has a high retention of mechanical properties from sub-zero temperatures to ~300oC. In the annealed condition, 70/30 offers moderate strength levels which enable it to be used in more demanding applications. In addition, it displays inherent resistance to biofouling. A protective oxide film forms naturally over the material during the initial period of use, creating an inhospitable surface that deters marine growth. 70/30 responds well to most fabrication processes and is readily hot and cold worked. It is also easily joined by soldering, brazing and a variety of welding methods. With good hot and cold formability and a malleability approaching that of copper, 70/30 does not harden rapidly, lending the material to drawing and spinning. -
Vojenská História 4/2006 Časopis Pre Vojenskú Históriu, Múzejníctvo a Archívnictvo
VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA Časopis pre vojenskú históriu, múzejníctvo a archívnictvo 4/2006 VYDÁVA VOJENSKÝ HISTORICKÝ ÚSTAV V BRATISLAVE © VHÚ Bratislava 2006 Príspevky vyjadrujú názory autorov a nemusia byť totožné so stanoviskom vydavateľa a redakcie. Vojenská história ŠTÚDIE RÁD DRAKA A JEHO INSÍGNIE1 IGOR GRAUS GRAUS, I.: The Order of Dragon and its Insignia. Vojenská história, 10, 4, 2006, pp 3 – 25, Bratislava. The study reacts to the exhibition on Emperor Sigmund in 2006 that in its catalogue brings some incor- rect results on insignia of the Hungarian Order of Dragon that arose in 1408 as a formal justification of the Barons Leage. The order was revived in 1411 in connection with its use as a diplomatic means. The author in detail analyses the genesis of the order insignia that represented a dragon winded into a circle. In 1416 the ruler added to it a flaming cross in a vertical distance. The author analyses a motive of a cru- ciform wound on the dragon´s back, deals with an issue of existence of a kolany order and considers an alleged insignia of the ruler´s grave to be only a jewel. Phaleristics. Hungary. Sigmund Luxembourg. Order of Dragon. V súvislosti s veľkolepo koncipovanou budapeštianskou a luxemburskou vý- stavou, usporiadanou v predvečer dvojnásobného jubilea uhorského a českého kráľa a ríšsko- nemeckého cisára Žigmunda Luxemburského, sa v odbornej literatúre objavilo niekoľko nekorektných údajov. Boli dôsledkom nedostatočnej umelecko-historickej analýzy a týkali sa predovšetkým insígnií rádu Draka. Vzhľadom na uvedené skutočnosti si pokladáme za po- vinnosť vrátiť sa k uvedenej problematike samostatnou štúdiou. Najstaršie písomné správy o špecifických rytierskych spoločnostiach svetskej šľachty, ktoré označujeme ako laické rytierske rády, pochádzajú z polovice 14. -
Archaeology and History of Lydia from the Early Lydian Period to Late Antiquity (8Th Century B.C.-6Th Century A.D.)
Dokuz Eylül University – DEU The Research Center for the Archaeology of Western Anatolia – EKVAM Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea Congressus internationales Smyrnenses IX Archaeology and history of Lydia from the early Lydian period to late antiquity (8th century B.C.-6th century A.D.). An international symposium May 17-18, 2017 / Izmir, Turkey ABSTRACTS Edited by Ergün Laflı Gülseren Kan Şahin Last Update: 21/04/2017. Izmir, May 2017 Websites: https://independent.academia.edu/TheLydiaSymposium https://www.researchgate.net/profile/The_Lydia_Symposium 1 This symposium has been dedicated to Roberto Gusmani (1935-2009) and Peter Herrmann (1927-2002) due to their pioneering works on the archaeology and history of ancient Lydia. Fig. 1: Map of Lydia and neighbouring areas in western Asia Minor (S. Patacı, 2017). 2 Table of contents Ergün Laflı, An introduction to Lydian studies: Editorial remarks to the abstract booklet of the Lydia Symposium....................................................................................................................................................8-9. Nihal Akıllı, Protohistorical excavations at Hastane Höyük in Akhisar………………………………10. Sedat Akkurnaz, New examples of Archaic architectural terracottas from Lydia………………………..11. Gülseren Alkış Yazıcı, Some remarks on the ancient religions of Lydia……………………………….12. Elif Alten, Revolt of Achaeus against Antiochus III the Great and the siege of Sardis, based on classical textual, epigraphic and numismatic evidence………………………………………………………………....13. Gaetano Arena, Heleis: A chief doctor in Roman Lydia…….……………………………………....14. Ilias N. Arnaoutoglou, Κοινὸν, συμβίωσις: Associations in Hellenistic and Roman Lydia……….……..15. Eirini Artemi, The role of Ephesus in the late antiquity from the period of Diocletian to A.D. 449, the “Robber Synod”.……………………………………………………………………….………...16. Natalia S. Astashova, Anatolian pottery from Panticapaeum…………………………………….17-18. Ayşegül Aykurt, Minoan presence in western Anatolia……………………………………………...19. -
4/23/2021 April 20, 2021 Auction Results 1
4/23/2021 April 20, 2021 Auction Results 1 Lot # Description Results 1 Literature: November 2019 Stack's Bowers Collection of New Jersey Coppers auction catalog. For the specialist. NR 6 2 Literature: Albert A. Grinnell Collection of U.S. Paper Currency, catalogued by Barney Bluestone, 1971 edition of all 18 (7) 1944-1946 auction catalogs. A classic. NR 3 Literature: Early U.S. Gold Coin Varieties, Dannreuther & Bass; U.S. Gold Patterns, Akers & Contemporary World 48 Gold Coins, Durst. THIS WILL NOT BE SHIPPED. NR 4 Literature: 1987 Buddy Ebsen & LW Hoffecker & 1988 Blevins & Bodway hardcover auction catalogs. THIS WILL NOT 12 BE SHIPPED. NR 5 Literature: Group of Stack's Bowers 2015-2019 auction catalogs, including part II & IV Pogue & 2019 30 Washingtoniana. THIS WILL NOT BE SHIPPED. NR 6 Literature: Group of classic grading guides, including Brown & Dunn and Photograde. THIS WILL NOT BE SHIPPED. NR 12 7 Literature: Box reference books & more, including Adventures with Rare Coins, Bowers. THIS WILL NOT BE SHIPPED. 30 NR 8 Literature: Box auction catalogs & reference material. THIS WILL NOT BE SHIPPED. NR 6 9 Supplies: Group of small iron beam balance scales, including 19th & 20th century weight boxes & tongs & 19th 42 century beam, no pins. Also, (2) wood display boxes & Maundy set box. THIS WILL NOT BE SHIP 10 Supplies: Box (16) PCGS & (4) NGC slab boxes. THIS WILL NOT BE SHIPPED. NR 42 11 Supplies: CS-10 coin counter. THIS WILL NOT BE SHIPPED. NR 192 12 Silver: 1973 Judaic Heritage Society sterling Kiddish cup commemorating the 25th Anniversary of the State of Israel, 186 #33/999, with original box and paperwork, $325 cost. -
The Mongolian Order of Combat Valor
THE MONGOLIAN ORDER OF COMBAT VALOR ED HAYNES From 1921 until 1990, the Mongolia People’s Republic Mongolia against both foreign and domestic enemies. was a close ally of the Soviet Union. Landlocked between the two previously hostile neighbors of China and Russia The order (Figure 1) is a silver 50-ram five-pointed star, and far too close to Japan for comfort, Mongolia, in with five rayed gilt points separated by white enameled securing its independence, opted quite logically for a shorter rays. In the circular center the 1941 Mongolian close fraternal link with the USSR. In phaleristics, as in coat of arms appears in the correct colors of enamel. other aspects of its politico-economic history and policy, Below the arms, in silver there are a crossed saber and Mongolia came to look northward for inspiration and rifle. guidance. While the designs of their post- 1921 awards draw intentionally from the richness of Mongolian The reverses differ substantially among the sub-variations culture and history, almost all Mongolian awards and are detailed below. All of the awards are numbered were manufactured by the Soviet mint. Likewise, the on the reverse until, perhaps, the most recent bestowals. underlying orders system was, in general terms, inspired Other details of the changing design of the order are by the Soviet system, with, for example, the Order of discussed in the detailed typology given below. While all Sukhbaatar equating roughly to the Order of Lenin, the these awards (until the post-1991 awards, obviously) are Order of the Red Banner of Combat Valor to the Soviet believed to have been manufactured in the Soviet Union, Order of the Red Banner, and so on. -
The Effect of Heat Treatment on Precipitation in the Cu-Ni-Al Alloy Hiduron®
Materials Science & Engineering A 692 (2017) 192–198 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Materials Science & Engineering A journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/msea ff ® The e ect of heat treatment on precipitation in the Cu-Ni-Al alloy Hiduron MARK 130 ⁎ Katerina A. Christofidoua, ,1, K. Jennifer Robinsona, Paul M. Mignanellia, Ed J. Pickeringb, Nicholas G. Jonesa, Howard J. Stonea a Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK b School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Cupronickel alloys, reinforced by L12 precipitates, offer a high strength, corrosion resistant and anti-bio fouling Copper alloys material for marine engineering applications. These alloys exhibit complex precipitate nucleation and growth L12 phase mechanisms that must be fully understood in order to optimise the mechanical properties. In this work, the Microstructure microstructural characteristics of the Cu-Ni-Al based alloy, Hiduron® 130, have been assessed in the as-received SEM condition and following 100-h thermal exposures at 500, 600, 700 and 900 °C and after a two-stage exposure at TEM 900 °C for 100 h followed by 500 °C for 100 h. The L1 phase was observed to precipitate both discontinuously XRD 2 and continuously and its subsequent coarsening was characterised alongside measurements of the lattice misfit. The hardness of the alloy was found to decrease with increasing exposure temperature up to the L12 solvus and correlated with the evolution of the L12 precipitates, the alloy grain size and the fraction of the discontinuously formed L12 phase. -
President's Message Please Note
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Dear Fellow OMSA Obama signed into law in December, includes Texas Members: Senator John Cornyn’s legislation awarding the Purple Heart to the victims of the Fort Hood shootings. Forty Years of JOMSA on Our Website. I’m happy The issue has been controversial. The Obama to announce the “JOMSA administration opposed awarding the Purple Heart Archive” is now available because it maintained that the Fort Hood shootings were on our website, www.omsa. really tantamount to workplace violence, and did not org, with over 40 years of qualify as an act of international terrorism for which the the JOMSA available in Purple Heart could be awarded. The Military Order of the an electronic format. To Purple Heart, a veterans group representing about 45,000 access the JOMSA digital Purple Heart recipients, agreed with the administration; archive, hover your cursor it opposed Purple Hearts for the same reason. Similarly, over the “Publications” the Veterans of Foreign Wars, after conducting a survey section of the upper toolbar then move down to “The of its members, opposed changing the Purple Heart’s OMSA Journal” and a further bar will appear to the right; eligibility criteria to make the Fort Hood victims eligible. click on “JOMSA Archive Access” and you are there. You On the other hand, the American Legion labeled the Fort will be able to search the archive, using the Google search Hood shooting an act of terrorism and supported giving engine, or browse through the issues by year. You must Purple Hearts to the victims. be logged into our website to access the JOMSA archive. -
MEDICAL NUMISMATICS* by FIELDING H
MEDICAL NUMISMATICS* By FIELDING H. GARRISON, M.D. LIEUTENANT COLONEL, MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY WASHINGTON, D. C. T is said that Billroth, in looking over were struck off regularly by the old Acad- a collection of medical medals, observed emy of Medicine of Paris to commemorate that “hardly a single one of them had the biennial election of each new Dean of been struck off to commemorate any- the Paris Medical Faculty, and copies of thing more than respectable mediocrity.” these jetons, in silver or bronze, were ILike all epigrams and stories of the ben presented to all the members of the Faculty. trovato type, the assertion has a shade of The Dean was not a professor in the Faculty exaggeration and an element of truth. but its chief administrative officer, hence The earlier medical medals tended to a prominent rather than an eminent figure commemorate things rather than people, in the history of early French medicine. later on, physicians prominent on account The Academy of Medicine (Paris) possesses of their connection with institutions and 108 of these rare pieces. The numismatic societies, finally physicians recognized as collection of the Army Medical Museum eminent by reason of their contributions (Washington) has ninety-one. The last to to scientific medicine. The same tendency be struck off was that of Claude Bourru, is noticeable throughout the history of who was Dean for three successive terms medicine with regard to medical authorship. (1788-1793). When, in 1793, the scientific Before Hippocrates, recorded medicine, societies, -
Ancient Coins
ANCIENT COINS GREEK COINS 1. Satraps of Caria, Pixodorus (340-334 BC), gold hekte or stater, head of Apollo to r., rev. Zeus Labraundos standing to r. holding double axe and lotus-tipped sceptre, wt. 1.35gms. (Sear 4963; F.440), very fine and rare ⅙ $1000-1200 2. Kings of Lydia, temp. Alyattes-Kroisos, circa 610-546 BC, electrum ⅓ stater or trite, Sardes mint, head of roaring lion to r., rev. two incuse square punches, wt. 4.70gms. (GCV.3398; F.448), very fine $500-700 3. Bactria, Eucratides I (170-145 BC), tetradrachm, dr., cuir. bust r., wearing crested helmet adorned with bull’s horn and ear, rev. BAΣIΛEΩΣ MEΓAΛOY, Dioskouroi holding palm fronds and lances, on horses rearing r., monogram to lower r., in ex. ΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΟΥ, wt. 16.94gms. (Sear 7570), certified and graded by NGC as Choice About Uncirculated, Strike 5/5, Surface 4/5 $3200-3500 ANCIENT COINS 4. Kyrene, Kyrenaika (322-313 BC), gold stater, Magistrate Polianthes, KYPANAION, Nike driving quadriga r., sun above r., rev. Zeus stg. l. by thymiaterion, holding patera and sceptre, wt. 8.70gms. (BMC.117), flan a little irregular, extremely fine $4000-4500 5. Kingdom of Thrace, Koson, King of Scythians (died 29 BC), gold stater, c. 40-29 BC, consul between lictors, all togate, walking l., rev. eagle standing l., holding wreath in one claw, wt. 8.33gms. (GCV.1733), obverse struck off-centre, otherwise extremely fine $650-850 ANCIENT COINS ROMAN COINS 6. Roman Republic, C. Servilius (136 B.C.), silver denarius, helmeted head of Roma facing r., wearing a necklace, a wreath and mark of value (XVI monogram) behind, ROMA below, rev. -
Two Phrygian Gods Between Phrygia and Dacia1
Colloquium Anatolicum 2016 / 15 Keywords: Zeus Surgastes, Zeus Sarnendenos, gods, Phrygia, Galatia, Roman Dacia. Two Phrygian Gods Between Phrygia The author discusses the cult of Zeus Syrgastes (Syrgastos) and Zeus Sarnendenos and points out 1 and Dacia that both are of Phrygian uorigin. For Syrgastes evidence from Old Phrygian records must be added, which proves that this god was long established and had possibly Hittite-Luwian roots. Zeus Sarnendenos seems to be more recent and his mother-country may be sought in north-east Phrygia / north-west Galatia. Both cults were brought to Roman Dacia by colonists coming from Bithynia, possibly from the area of Tios/Hadrianopolis (for Zeus Syrgastes) and Galatia, perhaps from the area of modern-day Mihalıcçık (for Zeus Sarnendenos). Alexandru AVRAM2 Anahtar Kelimeler: Zeus Surgastes, Zeus Sarnendenos, Tanrılar, Phrygia, Galatia, Dacia. |70| Bu makalede Zeus Syrgastes (Syrgastos) and Zeus Sarnendenos kültleri ve bu kültlerin her iki- |71| sinin de Frigya kökenli oldukları tartışılmaktadır. Syrgastes ile ilgili kaynaklar arasında Eski Frig kaynakları bulunmaktadır ki bu durum bize bu tanrının kökenlerinin çok eskiye dayan- dığını, muhtemelen Hitit-Luwi kökenlerine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Zeus Sarnendenos daha genç bir tanrı olarak gözükmektedir ve anayurdu muhtemelen kuzey-doğu Frigya / ku- zey-batı Galatia olabilir. Muhtemelen her iki kült de Roma Dacia’sına bugünkü Bithynia’dan, Tios/Hadrianopolis (Zeus Syrgastes için) bölgesinden ve Galatia’dan, muhtemelen modern Mihalıcçık (Zeus Sarnendenos için) civarından gelen yerleşimcilerce getirilmiştir. 1 Hakeme Gönderilme Tarihi: 10.05.2016 ve 30.09.2016; Kabul Tarihi: 09.06.2016 ve 03.10.2016. 2 Alexandru AVRAM. Université du Maine, Faculté des Lettres, Langues et Sciences humaines, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72000 Le Mans, France.