DOCSLIB.ORG

Fur-Farming in Canada

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fur-Farming in Canada Commission of Conservation Constituted under "An Act to Establish a Commission for the Conservation of Natural Resources," 8-9 Edward VII, Chap. 27, 1909. Chairman : Hon. Cliptord Sifton Members : Dr. Howard Murray, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. Mr. Frank Davison, Bridgewater, N.S. Dr. Cecil C. Jones, Chancellor, University of New Brunswick, Fred- ericton, N.B. Mr. William B. Snowball, Chatham, N.B. Hon. Henri S. Beland, M.D., M.P., St. Joseph-de-Beauce, Que. Monseigneur Charles P. Choquette, St. Hyacinthe, Que., Superior, Seminary of St. Hyacinthe and Member of Faculty, Laval University Mr. Edward Gohier, St. Laurent, Que. Dr. James W. Robertson, C.M.G., Chairman, Royal Commission on Industrial Training and Technical Education, Ottawa, Ont. Sir Sandford Fleming, K.C.M.G., Ottawa, Ont., Chancellor, Queen's University Hon. Senator William Cameron Edwards, Ottawa, Ont. Sir Edmund B. Osler, M.P., Governor, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. Mr. Charles A. McCool, Ottawa, Ont. Mr. J. F. Macfay, Business Manager, " The Globe," Toronto, Ont. Dr. B. E. Fernow, Dean, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. Dr. George Bryce, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. Dr. W. J. Rutherford, Member of Faculty, University of Sas- katchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. Dr. H. M. Tory, President, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. Mr. John Hendry, Vancouver, B.C. Members, ex-officio : Hon. Martin Burrell, Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa Hon. W. J. Roche, Minister of the Interior, Ottawa Hon. Louis Coderre, Minister of Mines, Ottawa Hon. John A. ML\thieson, K.C, President, Premier and Attorney- General, Prince Edward Island Hon. Orlando T. Daniels, Attorney-General, Nova Scotia Hon. James K. Flemming, Premier and Surveyor-General, New Bruns- wick Hon. Jules Allard, Minister of Lands and Forests, Que. Hon. William Hearst, Minister of Lands, Forests and Mines, Ontario Hon. James H. Howden, Provincial Secretary, Manitoba Hon. James A. C.\lder, Minister of Education, Provincial Treasurer and Minister of Railways, Saskatchewan Hon. Arthur L. Sifton, Premier, Minister of Education, and Pro- vincial Treasurer, Alberta Hon. William R. Ross, Minister of Lands, British Columbia Secretary : James White Commission of Conservation CANADA COMMITTEE ON FISHERIES, GAME AND FUR-BEARING ANIMALS FUR^FARMING IN CANADA By J. WALTER JONES. B.S.A. Printed by GAZETTE PRINTING CO., LIMITED MONTREAL 1913 Committee on Fisheries, Game and Fur^B earing Animals Chairman . Dr. Cecil C. Jones Members: Hon. 0. T. Daniels Hon. J. K. Flemming Hon. W. H. Hearst Hon. W. J. Howden Hon. J. A. Mathieson Dr. Howard Murray Dr. J. W. Robertson Hon. W. R. Ross Ottawa, Jan. 83, 1913. Sir: I have the honour to transmit herewith a report on fur-farming in Canada. Your obedient servant, JAMES WHITE, Secretary. Hon. Cliffokd Sifton^ Chairman, Commission of Conservation. To Field Maeshal His Eoyal Highness Peincb Aethuk William Patkick Albeet, Duke of Connaught and of Steatheaen, K.G., K.T., K.P., &c., &c., Goveenoe-Geneeal of Canada. May it Please Your Royal Highness: The undersigned has the honour to lay before Your Eoyal Highness a report on fur-farming in Canada. Respectfully submitted, CLIFFORD SIFTON", Chairman. Ottawa, Jan. 24, 1913. Contents PAGE I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. EARLY ATTEMPTS TO DOMESTICATE THE FOX 13 III. MANUAL OF FUR-FARMING Common Red Fox: the science of breeding 16 ranching practice 25 financial aspects 48 Polar or Arctic Fox: blue fox farming 56 blue foxes of the pribilof islands 60 Raccoon 70 Weasel Family: MINK 71 marten or AMERICAN SABLE 78 FISHER, PEKAN OR PENNANT MARTEN 79 CANADIAN OTTER 80 SKUNK 85 Rodents: MUSKRAT 89 BEAVER 90 Reindeer and Moose: THE reindeer IN CANADA 92 moose 95 IV. PREPARING SKINS FOR MANUFACTURE 96 V. THE COMMERCE IN RAW FURS Centres of the Fur Trade 104 Prices of Silver Fox Skins 109 VI. appendices I. Value of Wild Animals 115 II. Experience in Raising Virginia Deer 117 III. Selected Articles from American Breeders' Asso- ciation Reports: objects of breeding wild mammals 119 EXOTIC species FOR DOMESTICATION 120 breeding of the WAPITI 122 breeding the VIRGINIA DEER 123 breeding fur-bearing ANIMALS 125 IV. Reindeer Progress in Alaska 131 V. Canadian Legislation Respecting Fur-Farming. 135 VI. Statistics of Fur Production 138 VII. Statistics of Fur Prices 146 VII. index 161 ILLUSTRATIONS I. Sitting on the Box in Which He Made a Railway Journey... Frontispiece II. Full-Furred Foxes 13 III. Range of Red Foxes in Canada {Map) 16 IV. Red, Cross and Silver Foxes 20 V. A Mated Pair of Silver Foxes 25 Fox Pen in the Maple Woods 25 VI. The Best Location For a Ranch is in a Woodlot 26 VII. Detail of Fence Construction with Sheet Iron 28 Detail of Fence Construction—An Alley Around Each Pen.. 28 VIII. Usual Type of Kennel and Pen iZ Cheap Kennel Constructed from a Packing Box Zi IX. Floor Plan and Vertical Section of a Fox Kennel 34 X. Plan of Two Good Types of Fox Ranches 36 XI. Foxes of Various Ages and Attitudes 40 XII. Range of Raccoons in Canada {Map) 70 XIII. Range of Minks in Canada {Map) 71 XIV. Mink Ranch at Lac Chaud ; 72 Mink's Den, Artificial 72 XV. Range of the American Martens in Canada {Map) 78 XVI. Mink Sitting on His House 82 Otter 82 XVII. Range of Skunks in Canada {Map) 85 XVIII. Beaver 86 Live Skunks—Long Striped 86 XIX. Range of Muskrats in Canada {Map) 89 XX. Range of the American Beaver in Canada {Map) 90 XXI. Stretching Boards 98 XXII. A Collection of 34 Wild Silver Fox Skins, Worth Upwards of $21,000 110 XXIII. T. R. H. Duke of Connaught and Princess Patricia in Saint Patrick Ranch 126 '^^ Sitting on the Box in Which He Made a Railway Journey -September Fur Fur-Farming in Canada I. Introduction lUE-FAEMING is a new industry in Canada, but its development has been rapid. An investigation conducted in the latter half of 1912 revealed numer- ous instances vrhere animals of various species were being bred in captivity for their fur. Foxes of two species and of all colour varieties, skunk, mink, raccoon, fisher, beaver and muskrat were found upon fur-farms. The marten and otter are likewise being domesticated for their fur. In one instance even the wild cat was retained in captivity for breeding purposes, and it is authentically reported that the common black house-cat is being bred for its fur on pioneer Ontario farms. Up to the present time the domestication of wild fur-bearing animals has been practised most extensively, and also most successfully, in the Mari- time Provinces; but the industry is developing rapidly in Ontario and Quebec, while isolated fur-farms are also to be found throughout the "Western Provinces. The great interest manifested in fur-farming is to be ascribed to the remarkable success attained in breeding silver and other colour phases: of the fox common to Eastern Canada. The black and dark silver skins from foxes produced on Prince Edward Island ranches have rarely brought less than five hundred dollars each, and frequently bring over two thousand dollars at London auction sales. The pioneer fox breeders have acquired wealth in the business and their success has inspired their neighbours to engage in a similar line of work. Naturally, the price of breeding stock, responding to the increased demand, has risen to many times the fur value, so that the ownership of even a pair of silver foxes is imposisible to the average farmer. Corporations and partnershi])s with a total capitalization of several millions have been established for farming the silver fox. A large pro- portion of the inhabitants of Prince Edward Island and a smaller pro- portion of those of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia have invesited their money, sometimes even mortgaging their property to buy stock in these enterprises. Others have attempted to breed fur-bearing animals which require less capital for foundation stock. Thus, in 1912, more than a tbousand red and blue foxes were imported into the Maritime Provinces. Jlink, skunk and raccoon arc being experimented with. The faith exhi- 2 COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION bited in the breeding of fur-bearers, particularly in Prince Edward Island, has advanced prices there above those obtained in any other part of the world. Canada and the United States are being searched for fur-bearers for shipment to Prince Edward Island ranches. Pox companies incorporated elsewhere es/tablish their ranches there where the farmers have a thorough knowledge of the rather difficult art of breeding, and the consequence is that fully 85 per cent, of all foxes in captivity are to be found in the island province. The high prices for furs prevailing during recent years explain why fur-farming has made such rapid progress in such a short time. This is particularly true of the black fox industry. The fur-value of £, high-grade black fox ranges from about $500 to about $3,500, but the demand for breeders has been so great that the price has risen to $25,000 a pair for the best quality of breeding stock. Moreover, the promoter has entered the field and companies are being floated whose capitaliza- tions are based on these high prices and rosy expectations of profits. Although there is ample basis for a sound industry in fox-farming, it is necessary that the general public should realize that the industry is becoming a highly speculative one, and that the individual who puts his money in companies loaded with a heavy burden of capitalization assumes a great risk. Since the fur-farming industry is so intimately connected with the present high prices of furs, it will be worth while to inquire into the causes of these high prices and endeavour to forecast to what extent they will continue to operate.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ethical Consumers' Awareness of Vegan Materials
    sustainability Article Ethical Consumers’ Awareness of Vegan Materials: Focused on Fake Fur and Fake Leather Yeong-Hyeon Choi 1 and Kyu-Hye Lee 2,* 1 Department of Clothing and Textiles, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; [email protected]figure 2 Human-Tech Convergence Program, Department of Clothing and Textiles, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-2220-1191 Abstract: With an increase in ethical awareness, people have begun to criticize the unethical issues associated with the use of animal materials. This study focused on the transition of global consumers’ awareness toward vegan materials and the relationship between the interest in ethical subjects such as animals, the environment, and vegan materials. For this purpose, consumers’ posts about fur/fake fur and leather/fake leather uploaded on Google and Twitter from 2008 to 2019 were utilized, and the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (Tf-idf ) value was extracted using Python 3.7. Furthermore, the worldwide Google keyword search volume of each word was analyzed using Smart PLS 3.0 to investigate global consumers’ awareness. First, with time, consumers began relating animal materials such as fur and leather to topics such as animal rights, animal abuse, and animal protection. Second, as interest in “animal welfare” increased, interest in “fake fur” also rose, and as interest in “cruelty free” increased, interest in “fake fur”, “vegan fur”, and “vegan leather” also increased. Third, as consumers’ interest in the “environment” increased, interest in vegan materials such as “fake fur” and “fake leather” decreased. However, as interest in “eco” increased, interest in “vegan leather” also augmented.
    [Show full text]
  • The Environmental Impact of Fur Farming
    The environmental impact of fur farming “In this sense, fur is simply bad design. It’s stuck in the past, it needs to be slowly grown from the body of an animal, preserved in toxic chemicals and kept cool in the heat so it doesn’t decompose or get devoured by insects, as nature intended it to.” Joshua Katcher, Designer & Professor at Fashion at Parsons The New School 03-02-2015 “Fur is simply bad design” in Huffington Post http://www.huff- ingtonpost.com/joshua-katcher/fur-is-simply-bad-design_b_6771216.html 1 Bijleveld, M, Kortland, M & Sevenster, M (2011) The environmental impact of the mink fur production. CE Delft report p.54 2 Bijleveld et al (2011) p.33 3 Bijleveld et al. (2011) p.7 4 Bijleveld et al (2011) p.54 5 Krautter, M (2011) Poison in fur-Report II. Questionable Chemicals in Fur Products. EcoAid p.41 Anima (2015) Kemisk pels. http://filer. anima.dk/pdf/kemiskpels_web.pdf LAV Press release 26 February 2015 “Toxic and carcinogenic fur in baby clothing” http://www.lav. it/cpanelav/js/ckeditor/kcfinder/upload/files/files/CS_26022015_ TOXIC%20FUR_INGLESE.pdf 6 Anima (2015) Kemisk pels http://filer.anima.dk/pdf/kemiskpels_ web.pdf 7 Anima (2015) Kemisk pels http://filer.anima.dk/pdf/kemiskpels_ web.pdf 8 Bijleveld, M (2013) Natural mink fur and faux fur products, an environmental comparison. CE Delft p.6 9 Bijleveld, M (2013) p.5 10 Bijleveld, M (2013) p.35 11 H&M “Sustainability” http://sustainability.hm.com/en/sustainabili- ty/commitments/reduce-reuse-recycle/about.html © Photo: Jo-Anne McArthur / Djurattsalliansen The environmental impact of fur farming Impact on climate change Fur is inefficiently produced Comparison 1 mink fur coat, 1 faux fur coat, excl.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian Fur Trade and Industry
    Julia Gibson Russia and the Environment Professors McKinney and Welsh Final Paper May 9th 2006 The Russian Fur Trade and Industry People have utilized the skin and fur of animals to keep warm since the prehistoric era of human history. As human beings left the equatorial regions where Homo sapiens evolved, the severity of colder climates forced them to protect their uncovered bodies with the pelts of regional animals that were better adapted to the harsh environment. The exploitation of pelts probably arose as a result of the invention of simple tools, which enabled people to separate the meat for cooking and the fur for wearing. As human civilization advanced, those human societies dependant on fur for warmth also began to utilize animal fur and skin as a luxury item. Communities like the ancient state of Rus flourished and grew in importance in cross continental trade due to the natural abundance of fur-bearing animals in their territories. Despite the growing environmental damage and the suffering of animals harvested for fur, the fur trade and industry gained increasing importance over the centuries. Throughout the history of Russia (including the Soviet Union), the fur trade has enabled the Russian state to pursue the doctrine of Moscow as the third Rome and bolster their economy, while simultaneously and systematically distancing the Russian people from the environment and severing their connection with the natural world. Even before the fur trade became a crucial component of the Russian economy, the practice of exchanging furs played an integral part in traditional Russian culture. The 1 use of pelts in ancient Shamanistic rituals established fur as a semi-spiritual commodity.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ETHICS of KEEPING FUR ANIMALS, the ESTONIAN CONTEXT David Arney and Peep Piirsalu
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Section B, Vol. 71 (2017), No. 1/2 (706/707), pp. 78–80. DOI: 10.1515/prolas-2017-0013 Science life: Discussion THE ETHICS OF KEEPING FUR ANIMALS, THE ESTONIAN CONTEXT David Arney and Peep Piirsalu Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, Tartu, ESTONIA The discussion of the ethics of fur farming is currently important in Estonia, where the Estonian Parliament is due to make a judgement on the legality of farming animals for fur in the state. Al- though there is significant opposition among the local general population, and discussion in the popular and social media, there is little evidence of a coherent ethical reason why fur animals should not be farmed while we continue to permit the farming of other livestock animals. Ethical viewpoints of the rights and welfare of animals are presented here and these are contextualised with regard to fur farming and fur farming in Estonia in particular. Key words: ethics, fur farming, mink, chinchilla, blue fox. INTRODUCTION as human beings, the right not to be killed, the right not to be imprisoned. A detailed discussion of the concepts of ani- It first should be understood that there is no consensus in mal rights by the leading philosopher of this view (Regan, animal welfare science on the ethics or desirability of keep- 2001) and a refutation (Scroton, 2000) can be compared for ing of fur animals. The two sides of the argument for farm- those interested. At the more extreme end, this view pro- ing mink have been discussed by Vinke (2001) and Nimon hibits the use of animals for any purpose involving restrict- and Broom (1999), and foxes by Nimon and Broom (2001).
    [Show full text]
  • Overview Over National Legislation on Fur Farming in Europe
    Overview over national legislation on fur farming in Europe There is no specific legislation for the welfare of animals kept for fur in many EU countries such as Estonia, France, Greece and Poland, or the legislation is very weak such as is the case in Spain. Austria In Austria, the Federal Act on the Protection of Animals (Animal Protection Act – TSchG) of 2004 considers animals kept for farming purposes as: “all domestic or wild animals kept for production of animal products (e.g. food, wool, skin, furs, leather) or other agricultural or forestry purposes”. Section 25 on ‘Wild Animals’ says that “it is prohibited to keep animals for obtaining furs”.1 Belgium The Belgian sixth state reform transformed animal welfare in a competence of the Regions or Communities, starting from 1th of July 2014. Carlo Di Antonio, the minister of animal welfare for the region of Wallonia has initiated a legislative proposal in order to ban the production of fur. In January 2015, a new article has been added to chapter II of the law of 14th of August 1989 regarding the protection of the wellbeing of animals: Article 9/1 states that “keeping animals for the sole or main purpose of fur production is prohibited”.2, 3 1 Federal Act on the Protection of Animals (Animal Protection Act – TSchG. Austria. Consulted on 19 February on http://bkacms.bka.gv.at/2004/10/7/animalprotectionact_neu.pdf 2 22 JANVIER 2015. — Décret modifiant la loi du 14 août 1986 relative à la protection et au bien-être des animaux afin d’interdire la détention d’animaux à des fins exclusives ou principales de production de fourrure.
    [Show full text]
  • S Fur Farming Industry, 1913 1945
    Conservation, Science, and Canada’s Fur Farming Industry, 1913–1945 GEORGE COLPITTS* Fur farming gained its greatest popularity during the 1920s, when nature conserva- tion became prominent at the national level in Canada. Promoters claimed that fur farming, as a thoroughly modern answer to the apparent and inevitable exhaustion of nature, would eventually replace the wild trapping industry altogether. By the 1940s, however, the fur farm was in decline. Farmers operating small-scale enter- prises faced problems with the management of their stock and much higher costs than did trappers. Economic considerations aside, promoters never managed to separate fur from the mystery of the wilderness. The new demand for ‘‘genuine’’ fur in the 1940s market might indicate that Canadian society believed that the north and its wilderness were no longer imperiled. L’élevage des animaux à fourrure n’a jamais été aussi populaire que durant les années 1920, la conservation de la nature étant alors devenue une question d’intérêt national. Ses tenants affirmaient que l’élevage d’animaux à fourrure, une réponse tout à fait moderne à l’épuisement manifeste et inévitable de la nature, remplacerait un jour l’industrie du piégeage tout entière. Mais au tournant des années 1940, l’élevage d’animaux à fourrure était sur son déclin. Les petits éle- veurs avaient de la difficulté à gérer leur cheptel et faisaient face à des coûts beaucoup plus élevés que ceux des trappeurs. Toutefois, nonobstant les facteurs économiques, les tenants de l’élevage ne réussirent jamais à rompre le lien entre la fourrure et le mystère de la nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Welfur Fails to Stop the Suffering of Animals on Fur Farms Raccoon Dog in Wire-Mesh Battery Cage, Poland, 2019
    CERTIFIED CRUEL Why WelFur fails to stop the suffering of animals on fur farms Raccoon dog in wire-mesh battery cage, Poland, 2019. Otwarte Klatki TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 EU LEGISLATION FOR ANIMALS KEPT ON FUR FARMS 16 WELFUR CRITERIA FROM A SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE 20 3 By Professor emeritus Bo Algers 4 QUESTIONS ABOUT THE WELFUR AUDITING PROCESS 36 FUR FARMING VIOLATES BASIC ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS 44 5 By Professor Alastair MacMillan 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 52 REFERENCES 56 4 • Animals farmed for their fur, such as foxes, mink and raccoon dogs are active, wide-roaming predators with complex biological needs. WelFur is an industry-led voluntary welfare certificate for fur farms that requires lower standards than the law in some EU countries. • The intensive cage system on fur farms in the European Union has remained largely unchanged over the years. WelFur, which is designed around the current housing systems and current minimum level of European Union legislation, does not offer satisfactory or reliable solutions to the grave inherent problems of standard fur farming practices. • The WelFur criteria do not require access to water for mink or sites for digging for foxes. As the ability to search for food in water (mink) and to dig (fox) are to be considered as natural behaviours and the motivation to carry out such behaviour probably is high, the WelFur criteria do not ensure that the species in question can realize their species-specific needs. • The WelFur evaluation scheme combines different welfare measures into an overall score for a farm.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diverse Carnism of Fur Farming Discourses in Finland
    Lotte Suveri “PLANTS ARE LIVING TOO” THE DIVERSE CARNISM OF FUR FARMING DISCOURSES IN FINLAND - Values and Institutions. Master's thesis of Geography Keywords: Fur Farming, Carnism, Speciesism, Values, Institutions, Discourses Turku 2016 The originality of this thesis has been checked in accordance with the University of Turku quality assurance system using the Turnitin OriginalityCheck service. Turun yliopiston laatujärjestelmän mukaisesti tämän julkaisun alkuperäisyys on tarkastettu Turnitin OriginalityCheck – järjestelmällä. 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Department of Geography and Geology SUVERI, LOTTE: ”Plants are living too” The Diverse Carnism of Fur Farming Discourses in Finland – Values and Institutions Master’s thesis, 84 p., 9 reference p. 40 credits Geography September 2016 Various elements shape and sustain values related to animals in the society. Speciesism defines the value of animals depending on their use for human purposes and creates a base for carnistic culture that justifies the commodification of animals. There are various basic human values that interrelate with the justifying mechanisms of carnistic behaviour and create a base for institutions supporting carnistic values. This research paper examines fur farming in Finland as a phenomenon constructed by different values. The main discourses related to fur farming are identified through interviews conducted by Q-methodology on a national and regional level. The discourses were interpreted by combining the theory of basic human values (Schwartz 1992) with the theory of carnism (Joy 2010). In national discourse actors emphasized the ethical aspects of fur production and concluded that fur farming should be prohibited with a period of transition. Regional discourse was supportive of fur farming, pointing out the economic importance, tradition and trust in the certification guaranteeing animal welfare.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Exhibition: ‘Fur – an Issue of Life and Death’
    November 11th 2014 Press Release Research and Exhibitions Department + 45 41 20 60 16 [email protected] Special Exhibition: ‘Fur – An Issue of Life and Death’ Until February 22nd 2015 The National Museum of Denmark presents the special exhibition ‘Fur – An Issue of Life and Death’. The exhibition explores the museum’s unique collection of historical fur clothing from the indigenous peoples of the Arctic, displays contemporary fur designs, and puts ethical debates on the agenda. For the first time in history, The National Museum of Denmark displays its unique collection of fur garments from the regions of the Arctic Circle in the exhibition ‘Fur – An Issue of Life and Death’, which is on show until February 22nd 2015. The special exhibition includes 60 garments from The National Museum’s unique collection of fur clothing, which is one of the largest in the world with almost 2,000 historical fur garments. They are exhibited alongside modern fur creations, drawing historical links from the garments of the past to the fur garments of the present, industrial fur farming and modern hunting in the Arctic. The historical use of fur is thus located in a contemporary context, where people still wear fur and when now as in the past wearing fur is about much more than simply keeping warm. The ethical dimensions of fur farming and modern hunting are a central theme of the exhibition. With ‘Fur – An Issue of Life and Death’ The National Museum aims to create a platform for debate on fur farming and hunting, asking visitors whether raising and hunting animals for their fur is ethically responsible today.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Welfare Issues Compendium
    NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILE Archived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Content may not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the document have been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov. Animal Welfare Issues Compendium A Collection of 14 Discussion Papers September 1997 FACILITATED BY: RICHARD D. REYNNELLS BASIL R. EASTWOOD US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service Plant and Animal Production, Protection and Processing Animal Welfare Issues Compendium 1. A Critical Analysis 2. Animal Exhibits, Shows and Fairs 3. Responsible Care and Health Maintenance of Fish in Commercial Aquaculture 4. Beef 5. Dairy 6. Equine Production and Performance 7. Fur Farming 8. Handling of Crippled and Nonambulatory Livestock 9. Hunting and Conservation Issues/Gamebird Shooting Preserves 10. Poultry 11. Rabbits 12. Sheep and Goats 13. Swine 14. Veal There are many confusing nuances within the concepts of animal welfare, animal well-being, animal rights, and related terms. County and state Cooperative Extension personnel often are asked to comment or provide advice to clientele relative to a particular event or piece of information touching on animal welfare. To address the information requirements of county and state Extension personnel, we have enlisted the assistance of a number of authors and co­ authors, as well as numerous reviewers to produce the 14 discussion papers in this compendium. Authors were chosen for their expertise in commodity areas, and knowledge of animal welfare issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Safeguarding Animal Welfare in the European Fur Farming Industry
    July 2014 UNIVERSITY SAFEGUARDING ANIMAL WELFARE IN THE OF TWENTE EUROPEAN FUR FARMING INDUSTRY Bachelor Thesis European Public Administration | Kyra Gremmen Supervisors: Prof. Dr. N.S. Groenendijk M.A. Korotka MSc Abstract Animals have been recognized as ‘sentient’ beings in the European Union by the Treaty of Lisbon. The fur farming industry is one of the industries which involve millions of animals in the EU alone. However a policy gap exists in the EU, since there are only two official laws protecting these animals. The EFBA conducts a Code of Practice, which is based on the third EU document, namely the Recommendation of the Council on the protection of fur animals. It is concluded that this document projects the economically driven viewpoint of the EFBA onto national legislation and that for both the EU documents as the national legal documents, compliance is differing widely across the member states. Therefore it is stated that the current EU regulatory framework is not able to safeguard animal welfare within the EU. 1 List of abbreviations CBS Centraal Bureau voor Statistiek (Central bureau for statistics) CM Community Method DK Denmark EFBA European Fur Breeders’ Association EU European Union FAWC Farm Animal Welfare Council IFTF International Fur Trade Federation KF Kopenhagen Fur NFE Nederlandse Federatie van Edelpelsdierhouders (Dutch Federation for Fur Farmers) NL Netherlands OIE World Organization for Animal Health PETA People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals PL Poland PVE Productschap Vee, Vlees en Eieren (Product Board
    [Show full text]
  • Fur Farming, COVID-19 and Zoonotic Disease Risks
    Fur Farming, COVID-19 and Zoonotic Disease Risks Executive Summary Since April 2020, when the first case of COVID-19 in have been affected. It is also why the Netherlands American mink was confirmed on a fur farm in the forced an early shutdown of its industry, which was Netherlands, this zoonotic disease has continued to already due to be phased-out by 2024. rage throughout farmed mink herds in various EU Member States as well as in the United States. In Additionally, the outbreaks of COVID-19 on mink some countries, this has led to the preventative farms have drawn public attention to the fact that culling of millions of animals; while, in others, the fur is produced - solely to supply the frivolous needs government authorities have only required the of the fashion trade - by intensively confining wild implementation of biosecurity measures to try to animals in small wire cages in close proximity with prevent further transmission. one another. Factory farming mink and other fur bearing species is an inherently inhumane practice. As this white paper will outline, the wisdom of not taking measures to eradicate potential reservoirs of Animals on fur farms suffer from chronic stress and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has poor welfare, which can compromise their immune been brought into question by the discovery that this responses. Mink, in particular, are susceptible to coronavirus can jump back and forth between mink respiratory diseases and SARS-CoV-2 has spread and humans. Viral genome sequencing has shown virtually unbridled in this cruelly farmed species.
    [Show full text]