Farm Animals & Us Teachers' Pack
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Farm Animals
Animal Welfare Issues 4. Farm Animals Introduction Intensive Farming Fur and skin farming Exotic/cruel foods Markets Live Transport Slaughter Genetic Engineering Mutilations Legislative Bans Alternatives Science Feeding the World Annex 1 - Scientific Quotations Further Resources Introduction In terms of numbers of animals affected, factory farming is the largest animal welfare concern in the world. FAO statistics show the global production of meat has risen from 136,219,000 tonnes for 1979-81 to 260,098,000 tonnes for 2004. The following statistics give an indication of the numbers of different species involved and the numbers exported. Farmed animal numbers (FAO 2003): Pigs 956 million Chickens 16,605 million Cattle 1,371 million Sheep 1,024 Numbers of farm animals exported alive (FAO 2002): Pigs 18 million Chickens 837 million Cattle 8 million Sheep 19 million Billions of farm animals throughout the world are reared behind the closed doors of the factory farm. Many farm animals suffer greatly in transport slaughter and in factory farms: where they are caged, crammed and confined, forced to grow super-fast, and pushed to their physical limits in the quest for ever-more meat, milk or eggs. However, animal protection activity often neglects farm animals, because their suffering is hidden. The rapid rise of factory farming systems in the USA and Europe took place in the latter half of the last century. Factory farming systems are characterised by large numbers of farm animals being caged or crated, and crammed into (typically) windowless sheds. 1 Animal Welfare Issues Three classic factory farm methods were clear examples of the suffering caused by such methods: veal crates for calves, stall and tether-cages for pregnant pigs, and battery cages for laying hens. -
Centre for Animal Welfare News 2017
2017 News and Events from the University of Winchester’s Centre for Animal Welfare CAW Acting Director speaks out on Brexit, sentience and animal welfare 12 December 2017 Dr Steven McCulloch, Acting Director of CAW, has published two articles on Brexit, sentience and animal welfare. Sentience and animal welfare has received substantial media attention after Parliament voted against an amendment to the EU Withdrawal Bill tabled by Caroline Lucas MP. Dr McCulloch's first article, Brexit, Animal Sentience and Democracy, describes the moral atrocities committed against animals when their sentience has been denied. In the article he argues that the historical denial of sentience and its consequences in itself means that government should formally recognise it in law. The second article The Greatness Of A Nation Can Be Judged By How It Treats Its Animals is critical of the Conservative government policy to reject incorporating Article 13 in the EU Withdrawal Bill. How clever are the animals we keep? World's first Professor of Animal Welfare, gives lecture at CAW event 28 November 2017 Donald Broom, Emeritus Professor at the University of Cambridge (pictured above centre with Dr Steve McCulloch and Professor Joy Carter), gave a CAW evening lecture on How clever are the animals we keep? on 27 Nov 2017. Donald Broom was the first person to be appointed Professor of Animal Welfare in the world. Professor Joy Carter, Vice Chancellor at Winchester, introduced the CAW event, which was a great success. Over one hundred staff, students and members of the public attended. Watch the video of the Centre for Animal Welfare lecture How clever are the animals we keep? by Professor Donald Broom. -
Eat This! Student Activities Booklet
Student Activities toto accompanyaccompany thethe filmfilm u u For citizenship and English at key stage 4 Student Activities to accompany the film Eat This! Introduction This resource booklet has been written to accompany the Eat This! film. It contains a package of structured lessons covering national curriculum targets in citizenship and English. It is also suitable for use in PSHE, religious studies and general studies. • The Eat This! DVD followed by the Film critic unit is a logical first lesson. • Different things people say and Where do you draw the line? (Our use of farm animals) are ideal secondary introduction units for promoting discussion of the issues raised in the film. • Units most applicable to citizenship are: Role-play, Where do you draw the line? (Campaign methods), Campaigning for change, Pressure groups, Planning a campaign and Sustainable development. • Units most applicable to English are: Role-play, Campaigning media and the follow-on Design a campaign leaflet. Any of the three 30 minute units are ideal for using in conjunction with a talk given by a speaker from Animal Aid. To book a speaker, call Animal Aid on 01732 364546 ext 234, see our website or email schooltalks@animalaid. co.uk. Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) versions of some of the worksheets, factsheets and activities can be downloaded from the Animal Aid website at www.animalaid.org.uk/education/resources.htm (go to -> Student Activities -> Eat This!) Summary of work units Page Unit 1 Film critic 60 min C/E 1 Unit 2 Different things people say 30 min + -
Chapter Seven: the Meat Industry
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by De Montfort University Open Research Archive Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume VI, Issue 1, 2008 ‘Most farmers prefer Blondes’: The Dynamics of Anthroparchy in Animals’ Becoming Meat Erika Cudworth1 My visit to the Royal Smithfield Show, one of the largest events in the British farming calendar, reminded me of the gendering of agricultural animals. Upon encountering one particular stand in which there were three pale honey coloured cows (with little room for themselves), some straw, a bucket of water, and Paul, a farmer’s assistant. Two cows were lying down whilst the one in the middle stood and shuffled. Each cow sported a chain around her neck with her name on it. The one in the middle was named ‘Erica.’ Above the stand was a banner that read, ‘Most farmers prefer Blondes,’ a reference to the name given to this particular breed, the Blonde D’Aquitaine. The following conversation took place: Erika: What’s special about this breed? Why should farmers prefer them? Paul: Oh, they’re easy to handle, docile really, they don’t get the hump and decide to do their own thing. They also look nice, quite a nice shape, well proportioned. The colour’s attractive too. E: What do you have to do while you’re here? P: Make sure they look alright really. Clear up after ‘em, wash ‘n brush ‘em. Make sure that one (he pokes ‘Erica’) don’t kick anyone. E: I thought you said they were docile. P: They are normally. -
Industrial Animal Farming and Zoonotic Risk: COVID-19 As a Gateway to Sustainable Change? a Scoping Study
sustainability Review Industrial Animal Farming and Zoonotic Risk: COVID-19 as a Gateway to Sustainable Change? A Scoping Study Wolfgang Brozek 1 and Christof Falkenberg 2,* 1 Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, 6900 Bregenz, Austria; [email protected] 2 Institute for Marketing and Innovation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The threat of zoonoses (i.e., human infectious diseases transmitted from animals) because of industrial animal farming may be receiving less attention in society due to the putative wildlife origin of COVID-19. To identify societal responses to COVID-19 that do address or affect the risk of future zoonoses associated with industrial animal farming, the literature was screened for measures, actions, proposals and attitudes following the guidelines of a scoping review. Forty-one articles with relevant information published between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2021 were identified directly or indirectly via bibliographies from 138 records retrieved via Google Scholar. Analysis of relevant content revealed ten fields of policy action amongst which biosecurity and change in dietary habits were the dominant topics. Further searches for relevant records within each field of policy action retrieved another eight articles. Identified responses were furthermore classified and evaluated according to groups of societal actors, implying different modes of regulation and governance. Based on the results, a suggested policy strategy is presented for moving away from food production in Citation: Brozek, W.; Falkenberg, C. factory farms and supporting sustainable farming, involving the introduction of a tax on the demand Industrial Animal Farming and side and subsidies for the development and production of alternative meat. -
VISION for FAIR FOOD and FARMING © Istockphoto Vision for Those Who Wish to Know More
ciwf.org.uk/raffle VISION FOR FAIR FOOD AND FARMING © iStockphoto Vision for Fair Food and Farming Good health by ensuring universal access to sufficient and nutritious food We are facing a dilemma: the world’s population is growing, but the planet In 2019, around 690 million people in the world were estimated to be suffering from under-nutrition itself has little viable land left to farm, and water resources are under severe (FAO 2020). The COVID-19 pandemic may well have added over 100 million more to that figure. pressure. Many people are suffering from hunger, and the environment has Currently it is the poor who bear the brunt of this situation, and millions of children go to sleep hungry, night after night. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim for No been damaged by inappropriate farming methods. New technologies may Poverty and Zero Hunger by 2030 (SDGs 2015). Without radical change to our food and farming increase productivity, but small-scale farmers may not have access to them. systems, it will be a challenge to achieve this worthy goal. We urgently need a new vision for the future of food and farming, one that enhances the health of humanity and the planet itself, including animals, The marketing of food and global trading in food A University of Minnesota paper concludes that both wild and domesticated. commodities must be reformed so that prices of for every 100 calories of grain fed to animals, we food staples are maintained at an affordable level get only about 40 new calories of milk, 22 calories for those on low incomes. -
Europe Needs a Food Not Feed Policy
Europe Needs a Food not Feed Policy Philip Lymbery, Peter Stevenson and Carol McKenna Compassion in World Farming, River Court, Mill Lane, Godalming, GU7 1EZ, UK [email protected] Paper prepared for presentation at the 148th seminar of the EAAE, ‘’Does Europe need a Food Policy?”, Brussels, Belgium, 30 November – 1 December, 2015 Copyright 2015 Philip Lymbery, Peter Stevenson and Carol McKenna. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non- commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. EUROPE NEEDS A FOOD NOT FEED POLICY Abstract Current European agricultural policies serve to prop up industrial animal agriculture, which doesn’t produce food but wastes it. A sustainable food policy would focus on producing healthy food for people, and not feed for animals, whilst protecting the environment. When considering sustainability in value chains, a key fact commonly overlooked is that nearly two thirds of EU cereals are fed to farm animals, with enormous associated loss of ~70%: for every 100 food calories of edible crops fed to livestock just 30 calories are produced in the form of meat and milk. If this human-edible grain were fed to people, it could feed an extra 3 billion. Such losses are not restricted to grain: around a quarter of the world’s landed fish catch never reaches a human mouth, much of it is diverted to feed industrially reared fish, pigs or poultry. Animals’ inefficiency in converting human-edible crops into meat and milk brings other inefficiencies in its train: It is a wasteful use not just of the crops but also of the land, water and energy used to grow them. -
Industrial Agriculture, Livestock Farming and Climate Change
Industrial Agriculture, Livestock Farming and Climate Change Global Social, Cultural, Ecological, and Ethical Impacts of an Unsustainable Industry Prepared by Brighter Green and the Global Forest Coalition (GFC) with inputs from Biofuelwatch Photo: Brighter Green 1. Modern Livestock Production: Factory Farming and Climate Change For many, the image of a farmer tending his or her crops and cattle, with a backdrop of rolling fields and a weathered but sturdy barn in the distance, is still what comes to mind when considering a question that is not asked nearly as often as it should be: Where does our food come from? However, this picture can no longer be relied upon to depict the modern, industrial food system, which has already dominated food production in the Global North, and is expanding in the Global South as well. Due to the corporate take-over of food production, the small farmer running a family farm is rapidly giving way to the large-scale, factory farm model. This is particularly prevalent in the livestock industry, where thousands, sometimes millions, of animals are raised in inhumane, unsanitary conditions. These operations, along with the resources needed to grow the grain and oil meals (principally soybeans and 1 corn) to feed these animals place intense pressure on the environment. This is affecting some of the world’s most vulnerable ecosystems and human communities. The burdens created by the spread of industrialized animal agriculture are wide and varied—crossing ecological, social, and ethical spheres. These are compounded by a lack of public awareness and policy makers’ resistance to seek sustainable solutions, particularly given the influence of the global corporations that are steadily exerting greater control over the world’s food systems and what ends up on people’s plates. -
COVID-19'S Impact on Public Attitudes Toward Industrial Animal Agriculture
COVID-19’s Impact on Public Attitudes Toward Industrial Animal Agriculture Introduction | 1 Key Findings | 2 Methodology | 2 Survey Findings | 3 Conclusion | 11 November 2020 Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic that began in spring 2020 has led to wider recognition – and more scrutiny – of the direct connection between the mistreatment of animals and devastating effects on human populations. A prime example of this is the intensive confinement of pigs, chickens and cattle raised for food in industrial animal agriculture facilities. Humans have effectively manufactured the ideal environmental breeding grounds for future public health crises by crowding stressed animals together in constant contact with their own waste. This industry has also been in the spotlight as it faltered and strained under the pressure of market disruptions brought on by the COVID-19 crisis. There have been massive outbreaks at slaughterhouses due to unsafe working conditions, resulting in hundreds of workers dying and thousands more sickened by the virus in the past few months. As a result of slaughterhouse closures, animals backed up on farms and hundreds of thousands were killed en masse using inhumane “depopulation” methods. A new public poll by Lake Research Partners, conducted roughly six months into the 2020 pandemic, analyzed whether this particular crisis – and the resulting media stories about the industry’s failure to protect workers and animals – has increased public awareness and concern about industrial animal agriculture, changed consumption choices or impacted support for public policies to reform the industry. 1 Key Findings • The public is widely concerned about industrial animal agriculture. Nearly 9 out of 10 Americans (89%) are concerned about industrial animal agriculture – citing animal welfare, worker safety and/or public health risks. -
Anthropogenic Suffering of Farmed Animals: the Other Side of Zoonoses
Kona-Boun, Jean-Jacques (2020) Anthropogenic suffering of farmed animals: the other side of zoonoses. Animal Sentience 30(20) DOI: 10.51291/2377-7478.1207 This article has appeared in the journal Animal Sentience, a peer-reviewed journal on animal cognition and feeling. It has been made open access, free for all, by WellBeing International and deposited in the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Animal Sentience 2020.383: Kona-Boun on Wiebers & Feigin on Covid Crisis Anthropogenic suffering of farmed animals: the other side of zoonoses Commentary on Wiebers & Feigin on Covid Crisis Jean-Jacques Kona-Boun Centre Vétérinaire DMV, Montréal, Québec Abstract: Wiebers & Feigin’s (W&F’s) target article warns of the zoonotic threat to human health from factory farming and urges phasing out meat production and consumption, for the benefit of both human and nonhuman animals. This commentary focuses on the physical and emotional suffering of farmed animals. This varies by species, production system and geographic location, but suffering is there throughout all stages of production — breeding, housing, transport, usage and slaughter. Ubiquitous monitoring of all facilities where farmed animals are kept, with surveillance cameras recording all phases of production would help reduce some forms of suffering. Other forms are caused by accidents, disease outbreaks and all the “collateral damage” from factory farming. Nor can efforts to improve the welfare of farmed animals be confined to “merely” minimizing their suffering. Their lives need to be made not just bearable but worth living too. It is unrealistic to imagine, however, that all the suffering inflicted on farmed animals by industrial practices and human callousness can be eliminated by efforts to improve their welfare: Welfare measures urgently need to be undertaken and promoted, but they must not be regarded complacently, as if they were a panacea. -
The Scale of Intensive Indoor Livestock Farming in the United Kingdom, and the Impact of Its Related Sewage Disposal Regime Upon Water Quality in Rivers
Marinet Limited WQR0080 Supplementary written evidence submitted by Marinet Limited The Scale of intensive indoor livestock farming in the United Kingdom, and the impact of its related sewage disposal regime upon Water Quality in Rivers. We provide here tabulated data based on research undertaken by Compassion in World Farming (CIWM) published 2021, ref. https://www.ciwf.org.uk/factory-farm-map/#pig/all The Tables below record the information for indoor reared pigs, meat chickens, egg chickens, and dairy cows. Specifically: ● Individual Levels for these livestock animals being reared intensively indoors in the counties of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. ● Total Levels for these livestock animals being reared intensively indoors in the counties of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. ● Total Levels for these livestock animals being reared intensively indoors in the United Kingdom as a whole. Note: CIWM advise: “There is little publicly available information on the method of production system used on- farm. Therefore, the number of animals and farms are estimates of chickens, pigs and dairy cows that are permanently housed indoors in the UK.” It is also to be noted that in a large number of categories no data was available, so the figures cited are likely to be under-estimates of the total levels of indoor intensive livestock farming in the UK. In England, the 40,000 dairy cows being farmed in this way occur across 70 farms; the 11 million egg laying hens occur across 60 farms and the 100 million broiler (meat) chickens occur across 800 farms; whilst in the UK as a whole the 1.3 million pigs occur in over 200 farms. -
Ethical Consumers' Awareness of Vegan Materials
sustainability Article Ethical Consumers’ Awareness of Vegan Materials: Focused on Fake Fur and Fake Leather Yeong-Hyeon Choi 1 and Kyu-Hye Lee 2,* 1 Department of Clothing and Textiles, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; [email protected]figure 2 Human-Tech Convergence Program, Department of Clothing and Textiles, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-2220-1191 Abstract: With an increase in ethical awareness, people have begun to criticize the unethical issues associated with the use of animal materials. This study focused on the transition of global consumers’ awareness toward vegan materials and the relationship between the interest in ethical subjects such as animals, the environment, and vegan materials. For this purpose, consumers’ posts about fur/fake fur and leather/fake leather uploaded on Google and Twitter from 2008 to 2019 were utilized, and the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (Tf-idf ) value was extracted using Python 3.7. Furthermore, the worldwide Google keyword search volume of each word was analyzed using Smart PLS 3.0 to investigate global consumers’ awareness. First, with time, consumers began relating animal materials such as fur and leather to topics such as animal rights, animal abuse, and animal protection. Second, as interest in “animal welfare” increased, interest in “fake fur” also rose, and as interest in “cruelty free” increased, interest in “fake fur”, “vegan fur”, and “vegan leather” also increased. Third, as consumers’ interest in the “environment” increased, interest in vegan materials such as “fake fur” and “fake leather” decreased. However, as interest in “eco” increased, interest in “vegan leather” also augmented.