Improved Production and Utilization of Short Pulsed, Cold Neutrons at Low-Medium Energy Spallation Neutron Sources Nd Report of the 2 Research Co-Ordination Meeting

F1-RC-1056.2 (F1.20.21)

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WORKING MATERIAL

Improved production and utilization of short pulsed, cold neutrons at low-medium energy spallation neutron sources nd Report of the 2 Research Co-ordination Meeting

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2 – 4 July 2009

Reproduced by the IAEA Vienna, Austria, 2009

NOTE The material reproduced here has been supplied by the authors and has not been edited by the IAEA. The views expressed remain the responsibility of the named authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the government(s) of the designating Member State(s). In particular, neither the IAEA nor any other organization or body sponsoring the meeting can be held responsible for this material.

Contents

1. FOREWORD...... 3

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 3 2.1. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) development...... 3 2.2. Moderator Development...... 5 2.3. Energy-dispersive transmission measurements ...... 7 2.4. Recommendations to Participants ...... 8 2.5. Recommendations to IAEA...... 9 2.6. Additional recommendations coming from the second RCM:...... 10

3. PURPOSE OF THE MEETING ...... 10

4. BACKGROUND SITUATION ANALYSIS...... 10

5. OVERALL OBJECTIVE ...... 11

6. SPECIFIC RESEARCH OBJECTIVES...... 12

7. EXPECTED RESEARCH OUTPUTS ...... 12

8. ACTION PLAN (ACTIVITIES) ...... 12

9. UPDATED WORKPLANS FOR THE PROJECTS PRESENTED AT THE MEETING ...... 13 9.1. Development of mini focusing small angle neutron scattering instruments (Japan) ...... 13 9.2. Development and optimization of a curved wide wavelength band monochromator based on strongly cylindrically bent perfect Si-slabs in a sandwich for mini-focusing small-angle neutron scattering (mfSANS) device (Czech Republic)...... 13 9.3. Development of mini-focus SANS (Malaysia) ...... 14 9.4. SANS BATAN: Improvement in the Neutron Intensity by Focusing Optics (Indonesia)...... 15 9.5. Development of very cold moderator materials at the low energy neutron source (United States of America)...... 15 9.6. Modelling and measurement of neutronic properties of new cryogenic neutron moderators (Argentina) ...... 16 9.7. Development of pulsed cryogenic moderators at a pulsed source (Japan)...... 16 9.8. R&D of productive pelletized cold neutron moderators (Russian Federation)...... 17 9.9. Developing H 2O ice based cold moderator and multilayer based neutron optical elements for enhancing cold neutron flux in reactors and accelerator based sources (India)...... 18 9.10. Development of transmission method at a pulsed source (Japan)...... 19 9.11. Bragg edge transmission analysis at a medium intensity pulsed neutron source (Argentina) ...... 20

10. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS...... 21

11. LIST OF OBSERVERS...... 22

12. AGENDA...... 23

13. ANNEXES...... 24

ANNEX I. MINI FOCUSING SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING (SANS) 25 I-1. Development of micro focusing small angle neutron scattering spectrometers...... 27 I-2. Development and optimization of a curved wide wavelength band monochromator based on strongly cylindrically bent perfect Si-slabs in a sandwich for minifocusing small-angle neutron scattering (mfSANS) device...... 33 I-3. Development of mini-focus SANS...... 37 I-4. SANS BATAN: Improvement the Neutron Intensity by Focusing Optics ...... 47

ANNEX II. MODERATOR DEVELOPMENT ...... 53 II-1. Development of very cold moderator materials at the low energy neutron source...... 55 II-2. Modelling and measurements of neutronic properties of new cryogenic neutron moderators ...... 61 II-3. Development of Cryogenic Moderators Using a Small Proton Accelerator .... 67 II-4. R&D of productive pelletized cold neutron moderators ...... 71 II-5. A Report on the feasibility of an ice Cold Neutron Source at Dhruva Reactor...... 77

ANNEX III. ENERGY-DISPERSIVE TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENTS...... 83 III-1. Development of high resolution transmission method...... 85 III-2. Bragg edge transmission analysis at a medium intensity pulsed neutron source...... 91

1. FOREWORD

For over 50 years research reactors have supported developments in neutron beam research, new materials, and component integrity testing, and are expected to continue to do so in the coming decades. The scientific and technological problems being addressed using neutron beams are becoming increasingly large and complex that research reactors alone will not be able to cater to all the requirements. They will need to be complemented by neutron beams from spallation neutron sources, where the extremely high peak neutron fluxes and time structure of the pulsed neutron beam opens up numerous new experimental opportunities. This CRP will initiate a number of research, development, and demonstration activities that need to be undertaken to make this technology more readily available and to a wider community by way of a future global network of low and medium energy spallation neutron sources. Through this CRP, it will be investigated how high-end technologies from the flagship neutron sources can be cost-effectively adapted to lesser powered neutron sources, while assuring best experimental conditions for users in both the developing nations and industrially developed Member States. The CRP outputs would not only benefit spallation neutron facilities, but also the existing workhorse research reactors.

The meeting was attended by ten international experts and chaired by Mr M. Furusaka. The major part of the drafting of the report was done by Mr D. V. Baxter. The IAEA officer responsible for this document is Ms F. Mulhauser of the Physics Section, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications.

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The meeting brought together a group of 11 scientists from eight different countries with a common interest in neutron scattering. This document provides an update on progress achieved toward the goals laid out at the first RCM in Sapporo Japan (held in June 2007) and calls out specific action items to be undertaken over the remaining period of the CRP to achieve those goals that have not already been reached. In the following sections, text from the first RCM appears in standard font, with italics used to identify comments on progress to date and action items identified during the second RCM .

The meeting focused on three specific areas in which it appears significant progress may be made through the activities of the CRP over the next three years. In each case there are a number of research thrusts that will be undertaken to maximize the impact of the CRP on the larger scientific community and the interested Member States. The three areas and research thrusts are:

2.1. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) development

– The demonstration of a working “mini-focusing SANS” instrument provides an opportunity to have a qualitative impact on this technique in terms of both its general availability world-wide and the ease with which the SANS technique may be introduced to a new facility . o This has been largely achieved by the time of this second RCM and so no specific action items toward furthering this objective have been added here; however, extensions to this goal are identified below within the context of a revised goal.

– There is a recognized, but as yet unfilled, need to improve the treatment of incoherent inelastic effects in SANS data analysis, and three of the participating groups will form a collaboration to make progress in this area. o The key deficiency here is the lack of suitable kernels for describing inelastic scattering at relatively low q but large angles. Limited progress has been made in this thrust over the last two years due to commitments to other projects on the part of the key personnel to be involved. o Action items to be undertaken over the remainder of the CRP : The Argentina group will provide a room-temperature water kernel (in ACE format) to the Japanese group, who will be responsible for interfacing it to the PHIT code and developing a model TOF SANS instrument (Granada to lead on one end, Furusaka to coordinate on the other). Baxter will provide information on the LENS SANS layout to both groups (Argentina and Japan) so that this same analysis method can be used there. Baxter will also explore the suitability of the McStas code to provide a vehicle for deploying this analysis once it becomes available. – The performance of at least three existing SANS machines will be enhanced as a result of this CRP through improved beam conditioning, advances in data acquisition, and the improvement of data reduction techniques. For two additional instruments, the possibility of including a focusing mirror will be explored. o The CRP appears to be on track toward this goal. The cold source project in India is progressing and, although it is unlikely that it will have an impact on the SANS performance within the lifetime of the CRP, it is certain to have a beneficial impact on the SANS instrument at that facility eventually, the instrument at LENS is now operating, and the Indonesian instrument is functioning and efforts toward developing a focusing lens system to extend its q-range are beginning. o There has been a useful exchange between Malaysia and Japan in which Mega Harun spent 6 months at Hokkaido University working on computer simulations of the design for improvements to the Malaysian SANS instrument. Progress on this front was hampered somewhat by uncertainties in the actual performance of the Malaysian source, however it now appears that the initial concept will lead to an instrument whose flux is less than desirable. Alternative concepts will be explored (see below). o The limitations of the initial mf-SANS concept for use with a thermal moderator have become apparent during the course of the last 18 months, and some of the action items below reflect in part an adjustment to this realization. o Action items to be undertaken over the remainder of the CRP: Design of lens elements for the Indonesian instrument. This should be used as a vehicle to introduce a local scientist to the ray tracing codes (e.g., through a visit to NPI or Dubna to learn the MC simulation for designing and developing the lens element). A TC-sponsored visit by one of the CRP members to the Indonesian site should also be investigated. Mr Saroun from Czech Republic may be an ideal candidate for the first visit to Indonesia. Over the next 18 months alternative concepts more suitable for development of mf-SANS style instruments on thermal sources will be

explored and used to develop a new conceptual design for a viable SANS instrument at the Malaysian source as outlined below. Continued improvement to the instrument background and user program at the LENS instrument will be undertaken. A collaboration between the Russian and Malaysian groups is encouraged in order to improve the existing data handling chain associated with the Malaysian SANS instrument, as well as to improve the performance of the Be filter cryostat.

As a follow-up to the first goal above, we have identified the following new goal: – To demonstrate, from a practical point of view, the utility of the mf-SANS idea, an instrument of this type should be deployed outside of Japan over the next two years. o An initial project could be to set up a mf-SANS instrument temporarily on one of the unused beamlines on LENS (Baxter to lead; components to be shipped from the Furusaka group). o Develop a conceptual design report for deploying a mf-SANS instrument at the reactor in Malaysia. A new concept involving a focusing supermirror monochromator (FSM) will be investigated with the possibility of deploying a focussing collimator version serving as a secondary option according to the following outline: FSM concept to be more fully developed (Mikula and Furusaka to lead). Simulation of the FSM performance. (Mikula) Conceptual design of the combined mf-SANS instrument (Furusaka, Basu, Aziz) We note that the work outlined here will produce modules and knowledge that will be directly applicable to efforts for upgrading the Indonesian SANS instrument as well. o A ray tracing module for one of the standard MC codes for the mf-SANS instrument components will be developed (e.g. imperfect mirror module for PHIT, VITESS, and/or McStas). Kulikov will coordinate this for VITESS with input information to be provided by Furusaka. o Ideally, multiple simulations of a mf-SANS instrument should be performed for inter-comparison and validation of the developed modules. Participants in this will include Malaysia-Japan, Russia, and USA.

2.2. Moderator Development

– The neutron moderator lies at the heart of all neutrons scattering experiments, but the development of new moderator concepts has been inhibited by the lack of available computer models of candidate materials at the desired temperatures, and a significant part of the CRP activity will be devoted to the development of new models. This will include the collection of appropriate data for validating the models as well as the computational work itself. o This goal appears to be well on track, with the Argentine group taking the lead in the development of computer kernels to model the performance of various moderating materials. o Kernels developed in Argentina have already been used to optimize the design of moderators in Russia and India.

o Collaborations between this group and the USA group, and the anticipated deployment of the cool moderator at Bariloche, will expand the range of energy over which these modules can be validated. Key needs are the lack of suitable catalogue of existing data that could be used for validation of specific kernels and in many cases lack of the data themselves. Total cross section data can provide a first-order test of new kernels, but spectral measurements from test moderators are also needed for thorough validation. o Action items to be undertaken over the remainder of the CRP: A list identifying those materials for which we have both reasonable kernels and adequate spectral data should be produced as a first step toward providing a catalogue of evaluated neutron kernels. This will require communication among the groups from Argentina, Japan, Russia, and USA. Members of the CRP requested kernel development on HD (~18K liquid, solid at some lower temperature?) during the second RCM. If interest in other materials develops over the next 12 months, requests should be forwarded to the Argentine group .

– New moderators will be developed for the facilities of at least three of the participating groups thereby providing a significant boost to the capabilities of those facilities. o Important design and prototyping work has been completed for the Indian cold source and over the remaining time in the CRP tests with the prototype model will be performed and used to produce safety documentation will be. o Modifications to the basic LENS moderator design have been deployed and a second moderator test bed has been constructed to facilitate experiments on new moderator concepts. This capability has already been used in experimental collaborations with major neutron facilities (ISIS, SNS). o Significant progress is also being made at the Russian facility, with a full mock up of the mesitylene ball/He gas system presently at the manufacturer. It is anticipated that the system will be ready for installation near the end of the CRP’s period of operation. o The development of a cool moderator source in Argentina is nearing completion. o Recent studies in Japan have suggested that a coupled mesitylene moderator with an optimised (roughly 1cm diameter, 4-5cm deep) re-entrant hole gives roughly the same intensity as similarly optimised re-entrant hole in a methane moderator. This is a particularly interesting development for the mf-SANS idea. o Action items to be undertaken over the remainder of the CRP: The Argentine cool source should be deployed. Its performance measured against expectations and the results transmitted to the members of the CRP Experimental verification of the predicted performance of the re- entrant hole mesitylene moderator should be completed. – The optimization of designs for Target/Moderator/Reflector assemblies at small scale ADNS is expected to be different from those for larger scale spallation sources or reactor sources. One of the activities in the CRP will directly address this issue.

o This project is on track, with simulations of the performance of a low-energy Li-target based system being completed with significant detail. o Action items to be undertaken over the remainder of the CRP: Over the remaining time of the CRP additional simulations of a Be- target based system will be initiated.

2.3. Energy-dispersive transmission measurements

– Energy-dispersive transmission measurements can provide a wealth of important data on a wide variety of materials and it is possible to perform these measurements at relatively weak sources (indeed these measurements can often be easier at weaker sources). Development of these techniques therefore offers an opportunity for national-scale neutron sources to have significant impact on local industry, but realizing this potential will require significant development of the technique. o Two groups within the CRP (Argentina and Japan) have made significant progress in this arena. Parallel development of analysis software will facilitate the eventual validation of both. – In the case of Bragg-edge measurements, the ability to identify phase distributions and residual stress in engineering parts has been demonstrated. The CRP will optimize facilities at two small-scale sources for exploiting this technique and develop enhanced data analysis software for these experiments. An exciting outcome from the meeting was the discussion of the ability to use bent crystal monochromators to perform these experiments at small or medium-scale steady-state sources. o The first of these goals has been demonstrated at two of the participating institutions (Japan and Argentina). o The use of bent crystals to measure one edge at a time has not yet been exploited by any CRP member. At present this does not fit into the capabilities of any of the participating institutions and at this time it seems best to put this idea on hold. o Action items to be undertaken over the remainder of the CRP: The Argentine and Japanese groups should exchange samples to provide confirmation of the performance of the two experimental systems and data analysis capabilities. In the case of strain and texture measurements, comparison to traditional measurements and analysis should be performed as well (using facilities at ISIS, J-PARC or LANL). – Transmission experiments will also be undertaken to provide the data needed for developing new computational models of moderator materials, as discussed in point 2 above. o Both the USA and Argentina facilities have conducted experiments with this goal in mind and additional experiments are being planned for the remaining time covered by the CRP. – Action items to be undertaken over the remainder of the CRP: o Additional measurements of total cross-section of VCN-relevant materials will be carried out in Argentina and USA. Again some intercomparison should be conducted.

The participants wish to emphasise that the above activities are not independent, but that there exist valuable synergies among the various activities. For example, the improved models for

the dynamics of hydrogenous materials needed for research on neutron moderators can also contribute to more accurate handling of inelastic scattering corrections for SANS, transmission measurements on this class of materials provide valuable data for model development, the development of bent crystal optics will enhance both SANS and transmission measurements, and enhancements of moderator performance will directly increase instrument performance for these and many other techniques.

– Several examples of these synergies have been evident over the initial 18 months of the CRP. These include the exchange of personnel between Malaysia and Japan, and the use of kernels developed in Argentina in the design of moderators in Russia and India. Many of the action items identified above for the remaining period of the CRP call for specific interactions among the participants in order to encourage additional synergistic collaborations over the remainder of the CRP. As a result of the second RCM a plan has been developed to aid the Malaysian group with the installation of a new data acquisition system for the SANS instrument in order to facilitate the transfer of data to a computer suitable for later analysis. Renewed commitments have been made to collaborative action on the improvements to SANS data analysis and several groups will work together to develop suitable computer modules for a variety of simulation applications.

– Although significant progress has been made on specific fronts at individual institutions within the CRP, collaborative work among CRP members has not yet met expectations. It is our belief that the exchange of information that took place during the second RCM, along with many of the specific action items identified above will foster increased collaborative work over the remainder of the CRP time frame.

2.4. Recommendations to Participants

Here we comment on progress regarding specific recommendations that were identified at the first RCM and comment upon actions to be taken in those cases where the recommendations have not, to date, produced the desired results.

– All participants are encouraged to exploit the SKYPE software as a mechanism to enhance inter-group communication during the course of the CRP (www.skype.com). o Most of the participants have indeed loaded this program onto their computer, but it has not yet been successfully used to enhance communication between the participants on a regular basis. o All participants with such accounts should forward their account names to Francoise to have them included with the contact information in this document. – A website should be established to facilitate data and information exchange among the participating research groups. Mr. Baxter will explore the possibility of having this hosted at Indiana University. o Baxter has been unable to get such a page setup due to restrictions on access to computer systems at his institution, but there is an IAEA site holding a static copy of the report from the first RCM.

o The Japan group suggested that it could set up a wiki server to provide this service with relative ease and the CRP members recommended that this take place. o Francoise will provide a ‘ping’ the group to update their contributions to the page once per month. o The Argentine group is developing a web site devoted to neutron transmission experiments. Participants are encouraged to provide content and comments on the site once it is in operation. – All participants are requested to acknowledge in publications that the work was performed with the support of a Coordinated Research Project from the IAEA. o To date 5 publications have provided such acknowledgement. – The hosts should prepare items or articles for Neutron News to highlight the next RCM of the CRP, and report on the progress of this first meeting . o It is recommended that this be added as a brief description associated with the announcement of the ICNX ’09 conference in KL. (The Malaysian group will see to this). – A formal proceedings should accompany the second RCM of the CRP. o This has been shifted to the final RCM of the CRP. – The participants should work to identify sources of funding to support participation at the next RCM by young scientists from developing countries, perhaps by holding an associated workshop or school. – Participants need to identify funding to support personnel exchanges among the members of the CRP. Additional recommendations coming out of the second RCM – The collaboration between the Malaysia and Japan should be continued and expanded to include the Czech Republic and Russia as outlined above. – It is recommended that Technical Contract proposals be prepared to access IAEA funding to support exchanges of personnel within the CRP. o It was specifically suggested that this could be a useful vehicle to support the development of simulations of the focusing monochromator and focusing instruments as well as the transmission of this knowledge to Malaysia and Indonesia (Saroun).

2.5. Recommendations to IAEA

– It is strongly recommended that the next meeting be held in the first week of March 2009 at Bariloche, Argentina. The group at Bariloche has appropriate facilities for hosting the meeting, and they run an electron accelerator-driven neutron source that plays a key role in several of the CRP activities. This group also participates in two of the CRP’s three main thrust areas and has active participation by a large number of young investigators. o It was decided to exploit the opportunity presented by the hosting of the second International Conference on Neutron and X-ray scattering at Kuala Lumpur by holding the second RCM in conjunction with that conference. o It is recommended that the final meeting of the CRP be held in Bariloche to allow participating groups to see the facility there. It is further recommended that this meeting take place on 6-9 December of 2010 or 4-7 April 2011. – The agency should find a way to fund travel for people from developing countries to spend a month at some of the facilities participating in this CRP in order to enhance exchange of ideas and techniques.

o One exchange was facilitated through external funding – The agency should consider initiating a CRP specifically devoted to identifying realistic design(s) for new small-scale ADNS that could be easily deployed in developing countries. o Other ideas for a follow-on CRP were developed during the second RCM. These include development of small Accelerator Driven Neutron Sources, developments in advanced neutron optics, or compact but brilliant Inverse Compton X-ray sources. – The agency should provide some funds to support participation at the next RCM by young scientists from developing countries. – An email should be sent from the agency to the participants reminding them to provide any updates on their progress to their multilateral collaboration .

2.6. Additional recommendations coming from the second RCM:

– The IAEA should send a copy of this document along with a description of the requirements for final reports and contributions for the final publication to all participants approximately 6 weeks prior to the next RCM . – The IAEA must distribute information on the application procedures and execution of Technical Contracts to facilitate the use of this mechanism to support CRP activities. – The Skype addresses of all CRP members who were able to sign up for the service on their office computers should be added to the participant contact information given at the back of this document.

3. PURPOSE OF THE MEETING

nd The main objectives of this 2 RCM were to: – Review the project objectives, tasks, and work plans of all participants; – Review the progress in current research activities related to the CRP; – Exchange information on the research undertaken in participating laboratories with relevance to achieving the objectives of the CRP; – Review future directions and possibilities for this CRP and beyond; – Preparation of a meeting report detailing the outcomes of this working group; – Formulate recommendations for the project participants and the IAEA

4. BACKGROUND SITUATION ANALYSIS

For over 50 years research reactors have supported developments in neutron beam research, new materials, and component integrity testing, and are expected to continue to do so in the coming decades. Many of the benefits from research reactors have to be brought into today’s technical, economic, and social realities. The demands on neutron research are increasing and new coordinated research interfacing different branches of science will be necessary. New techniques, besides using research reactors, require access to spallation neutron sources, where neutron intensity is increased by two orders of magnitude with high-power sources. However, providing a worldwide access to these techniques cannot be accomplished by the few high-energy spallation neutron sources alone. A broad network of low-medium energy facilities is needed to render accessibility, availability to a wider community, to allow the development of new techniques and application, and to train new users, operators, designers and builders. Such a network will enhance the impact of the major facilities, for many 10

emerging economies and the developing nations have a keen interest to expand opportunities in education, research, and industrial applications, using nuclear technology, but they do not always have sufficient resources, technology, or trained manpower to establish facilities suitable for these tasks. In order to foster the application of accelerator driven neutron sources (ADNS) in developing countries, a network of medium energy accelerator driven neutron source facilities and users is proposed to generate and strengthen international cooperation in this area.

In the IAEA-TECDOC-1439 the development opportunities for accelerator driven neutron sources were thoroughly examined, putting into evidence that the construction of a new source or significant work towards it might easily exceed the scope of IAEA-sponsored CRPs. A Technical Meeting on “Use of High Energy Accelerators for Research, Therapy, and Applications of Spallation Sources” held in Vienna in 07-09 December 2005, further identified some of the specific contributions that could be of interest for the users and owners of spallation neutron sources. The experts recommended a CRP in the light of existing boundary conditions. The scope of the CRP should cover

– Improvement of spallation source by development of cryogenic moderators – Increase of potential usage of beam lines by contributing to improve mini-focusing small angle neutron scattering – Enhance capability for strain determination by improving data extraction and evaluation from high resolution energy-dispersive transmission measurements

These efforts will lead to source improvement as well as more effective source utilization. This CRP would be focused on improvement at spallation sources with a future prospect to expand neutron techniques and applications into new areas involving users in various disciplines of research.

This CRP brings together institutions with widely different possibilities and a broad spectrum of interests. It has the prospect of producing tangible results in medium term, although in its entirety it may be a more long term effort. Novel very cold moderators would greatly enhance the performance of small and medium size facilities; whereas the development of an inexpensive, compact, and versatile small angle scattering instrument and better interpretation of transmission experiments would address needs of both research and training. Taken together developments in these areas hold promise to efficiently align neutron demand and neutron supply across sources of various strengths. The CRP will also promote optimal use of the different possibilities of developed countries and emerging economies to bear in a fruitful way with benefits for all involved parties.

The experts highlighted the importance, in particular for developing countries, of having easy and quick access to small or medium size facilities for research and applications and, probably even more important, for training purposes. They also examined several networking opportunities in different areas of interest.

5. OVERALL OBJECTIVE

To enhance the utilization possibilities of low and medium energy spallation neutron sources for research and development in neutron science and applications, by increasing neutron supply at sources and by improving optimum use of neutron techniques in interested Member States.

6. SPECIFIC RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

– To improve neutron beam flux via development of cryogenic moderators. – To improve neutron beam resolution via study of new collimator, focusing devices, and monochromators. – To develop compact small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instruments, with mini- focusing properties, for simultaneous installation at neutron beamline. – To improve capability of strain determination through time-of-flight neutron measurements: experiment and user friendly implementation of the methodology to extract the desired information from the measured cross-sections. – To carefully consider how proposed techniques and improvement could be made available for interested Member States.

7. EXPECTED RESEARCH OUTPUTS

– Establishment of bilateral and multilateral cooperation between neutron facility centers of developing and industrially developed Member States. – Contributions for new compact SANS instruments with enhanced capabilities, which are easy to handle, repair, and maintain. Improvements include: o Focusing element o Wide wavelength band monochromator o Beam line splitter or bender to install several instruments at one beam line – Development of cryogenic moderator materials and designs, improvement of scattering kernels, and optimization of systems for small-scale ADNS. – Development, implementation, and dissemination of the methodology, data acquisition, and analysis for neutron energy-dispersive transmission experiments. – Scientific publications - IAEA Technical Documents, journal papers and institutional reports and presentations at different national and international conferences and meetings.

8. ACTION PLAN (ACTIVITIES)

1. Announcement of CRP and preliminary call for proposals (Summer 2006) 2. Contracts and agreement proposals received, evaluated and approved (October 2006) 3. Research contracts and agreements awarded (November 2006). Research contracts and agreements renewed annually thereafter. 4. Co-ordinated research of participating groups within the framework of the CRP. On- going, 2006 – 2010. st 5. Hold 1 RCM of the CRP July 2007. Formulate detailed work plan. 6. Report on the status of the work, including publications and conference reports of (joint) experiments, if applicable. nd 7. 2 RCM, mid term review. Update of work progress and work plan (Mid 2009). 8. Final RCM, final report preparation (Late 2010, early 2011) 9. Final report (2011).

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 X X X X X 5 X 6 X X X 7 X 8 X X 9 X

9. UPDATED WORKPLANS FOR THE PROJECTS PRESENTED AT THE MEETING

9.1. Development of mini focusing small angle neutron scattering instruments (Japan)

Chief investigator: FURUSAKA Michihiro

Detailed work plan for the next 18 months 1. Development of a wide-wavelength band monochromator based on bent perfect silicon crystal plates. It is based on new idea. To get a very wide wavelength range with relatively small beam divergence, we need to bend crystal very strongly, and at the same time, need very large beam divergence for the incident beam that matches the angles of the lattice plane of the bent crystal. We already fabricated a new beam deflector to get very large beam divergence that matches the angular change of lattice planes. We already testing the device but need detailed study. We also found that the surface roughness of the silicon plates degraded the performance of the monochromator; therefore, we should fix the problem and would like to complete the development. 2. Fabricate a new, better quality ellipsoidal mirror to reduce small-angle background. It is already underway. 3. Develop a stable detector based on the new micro-strip technology and install one to mfSANS instrument. 4. Develop a beam branching/bending device for both pulsed neutron sources, but it might be difficult to finish in 1.5 years because of financial and manpower problems.

9.2. Development and optimization of a curved wide wavelength band monochromator based on strongly cylindrically bent perfect Si-slabs in a sandwich for mini-focusing small-angle neutron scattering (mfSANS) device (Czech Republic)

Chief investigator: MIKULA Pavol

Detailed work plan for the next 18 months 1. After clarifying the reasons of lower efficiency of the monochromator for minifocusing small-angle neutron scattering (mfSANS) device of Hokkaido University, NPI Rez will prepare new set of crystal wafers.

2. Construction of two new horizontally focusing monochromators for KAERI Daejeon and about 10 new crystal slabs (namely Si(111) and Si(220))providing different resolution at different monochromator take-off angles. 3. Construction of complete horizontally focusing monochromator for BARC Mumbai 4. Preparation of crystal slabs for horizontally and vertically focusing monochromator for BARC Mumbai. The mechanical part will be made in BARC Mumbai. 5. Construction of horizontally focusing monochromator for Malaysian Nuclear Agency 6. Monte Carlo simulations of parameters of two instruments in KAERI Daejeon. 7. Presentation of advantageous employment of focusing elements in neutron scattering instruments on international meetings and workshops.

9.3. Development of mini-focus SANS (Malaysia)

Chief investigator: Bin MOHAMED Abdul Aziz

Detailed work plan for the next 18 months – Nanostructured Material Characterizations o Sample preparation, measurement at SANS facility in BATAN with subsequent data analyses and programming o Design of micro-focusing system, shielding components and funding applications – assistance from Hokaido University o Procurement preparation for parts/hardware/materials to be purchased and fabricated – Cooling System for Neutron Beam Conditioning (Be filter) o Implementation of heat transfer mathematical models and cryostat redesign parameters o Models discrimination and parameters estimation using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software. (To model with 3D analysis and repeat experimental testing to verify our design and simulation data.) o Purchase of hardware and related controlled components for cryostat modification – Beamline Upgrading o Flight tube positioning and alignment. o Modification of front collimator external shielding. – Monte Carlo Simulation: MCNP - Shielding Calculation o Expansion of the MCNP5 modeling to the whole SANS beam port and SANS facility. o Evaluation of computing hardware and software items to be purchased o Testing and verification of instrument characteristics and performance – Monte Carlo Simulation: McStas Beam Instrument Calculation o Evaluation of SANS existing set-up and set-up with reflection/focusing mirror o Testing and verification of instrument characteristics and performance

9.4. SANS BATAN: Improvement in the Neutron Intensity by Focusing Optics (Indonesia)

Chief investigator: PUTRA Edy Giri R.

Detailed work plan for the next 18 months – Workshop/Training Course/On Job Training (OJT) on Monte Carlo calculation program – theory and applications, through IAEA's TC program, i.e. IAEA Expert Mission for local neutron scattering scientists (2009). The Monte Carlo calculation program for development of neutron instrument has to be exposed initially to the local scientists.

– A simulation using a Monte Carlo calculation program to calculate the theoretical intensity and profile patterns at SANS spectrometer with a various configuration (2009 – 2010) will be utilized.

– Joining either the NPI in Czech Republic or JINR in Russia for enhancing the knowledge and experience of one Indonesian neutron scattering scientist on designing and developing the new focusing lens of SANS BATAN (2010).

– Implementation of the detector monitor, pre-Amplifier and its electronics system for present count data acquisition will take place in 2010.

9.5. Development of very cold moderator materials at the low energy neutron source (United States of America)

Chief investigator: BAXTER David

Detailed work plan for the next 18 months 1. Over the next 18 months, we will continue to conduct total cross-section measurements of various materials that may be suitable for future VCN moderators. Specific examples to be explored include mesitylene, methanol, toluene, and methane (and, we hope, deuterated versions of these as well). Mixtures of these materials (and others) will also be used in an effort to develop candidate amorphous moderator materials (for which there will be additional low-energy modes, and in which radiation damage may be less of an issue). Our goals will be to provide data to other CRP members who are also interested in scattering kernel development, and to demonstrate materials that may prove useful for application in future VCN moderators. We will also continue more quantitative assessment of the scattering kernel developed during the first year of the project. 2. In addition to this work, we will continue our collaboration with several major neutron sources exploring novel neutron moderator designs. Some of this work is directed at lowering the spectral temperature, but much is also simply concerned with increasing moderator brightness, controlling emission time distributions, and increasing our confidence in the scattering kernels that lie at the heart of the simulation codes that are used in source design. 3. We also expect to work with other members of the CRP (and others) to investigate the impact of incoherent inelastic scattering on Small Angle Neutron Scattering. In particular,

we wish to investigate whether detailed analysis of the total cross section of a sample can provide any insight into this contribution to the SANS background.

9.6. Modelling and measurement of neutronic properties of new cryogenic neutron moderators (Argentina)

Chief investigator: GRANADA Rolando

Detailed work plan for the next 18 months 1. To produce scattering kernels for several deuterated materials of interest as cold-, very cold-, and ultra cold-neutron moderators, the list will include solid deuterium, solid d-methane, and deuterated solid aromatic hydrocarbons. 2. To generate and validate the cross section libraries for those materials over a wide range of temperatures, in a format appropriate for MCNP calculations; 3. To propose new composite deuterated materials that could give an enhanced performance in terms of long wavelength neutron production and radiolysis resilience; 4. To improve our experimental capabilities by operation of a new cold source in our pulsed facility; 5. To strengthen multilateral cooperation between groups involved in the improvement of experimental capabilities or techniques around neutron facility centers; 6. To disseminate the new knowledge and developments related to advanced cold moderators through scientific publications and presentations in national and international meetings.

9.7. Development of pulsed cryogenic moderators at a pulsed source (Japan)

Chief investigator: KIYANAGI Yoshiaki

Detailed work plan for the next 18 months 7 When we use the Li (p, n) reaction to produce neutrons, γ-rays of 14MeV or higher energy 7 may be generated by the resonance capture of protons of 411 keV by Li. The yield of 4) photons of 14MeV were roughly estimated and not yet measured. The results that we have calculated so far showed that the photons of 14MeV strongly dominate the surface photon 7 dose on the shielding components around the Li (p, n) cold neutron source. Thus we are 7 planning to measure the yield and the spectrum of the photons that are generated by the Li (p, n) reactions in a thin Li target equipped with the 3 MeV Pelletron accelerator of the Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. However, the research fund has not been acquired. For the development of a fixed type intense neutron source for neutron scattering experiments, we will also perform R&D to look for the best materials and a configuration for 9 a coupled methane moderator system consisting of a Be target, a pre-moderator and a reflector as well as a moderator. Furthermore, a mesitylene moderator system will be also studied since it is much preferable than the methane one in the facilities having a serious safety regulation, and new materials, if they exist, will be also studied. From this research we

9 will design the best moderator system for the combination of the Be (p, n) reactions with the small proton linac. We have planed the following items but the budget for these researches is partly confirmed and we need other sources for the researches.

1. Simulation Calculation to Obtain the Optimal System of Coupled Methane Moderators. We will study a slab shape moderator to obtain optimal condition of the moderator system to get the highest performance. Combination of moderator material, premoderator and reflector is studied in more detail. The configuration to get beam lines as many as possible is an important issue to accelerate the neutron scattering experiments. Therefore, we also examine the method to get many beam lines at one neutron moderator system. Furthermore, we will study a coaxial cylindrical moderator with an inside pre-moderator and an outside methane moderator to increase the number of neutron beam ports around the moderator and improve the efficiency for use of slow neutrons. For the coupled methane moderator system equipped with the 9Be target, coupling effects of reflector materials (beryllium, lead and so on) and pre-moderator materials (water, mesitylene and so on) on the neutron intensity will be studied in detail. 2. Same Simulation Calculation for Mesitylene Moderators 3. Designing the Optimal Moderator System of a Coaxial Cylindrical Type Moderator

9.8. R&D of productive pelletized cold neutron moderators (Russian Federation)

Chief Investigator: SHABALIN Evgeny represented by KULIKOV Sergey

Detailed work plan for the next 18 months July 2009 – December 2009 : Completion of construction of the full scale model of the technological system of the cryogenic moderator assigned to make testing of the main parameters of the moderator technology: - manufacturing of mechanical parts of the model; - elaboration of control and detection equipment, and system of collection and data presentation; - adopting the helium cooler to the model; - installation of the model; - elaboration of an experimental programme.

January 2009 – March 2010: Execution of the experimental programme at the full scale model of the technological system of the IBR-2M cryogenic moderator: - Measurement of the technical characteristics of the helium blower; - Measurement of heat load onto the cryogenic pipelines; - Measurement of distribution of delivery time and velocity of mesitylene beads at the given parts of the conveying pipe and the moderator chamber at various conveying gas flow rate; processing of the experimental data and analysis, choice of acceptable gas flow rate providing integrity of the beads.

March 2010 – April 2010: Proceeding of execution of the experimental programme: 17

pneumoconveying of mesithylene balls one by one at various input frequency – estimation of acceptable frequency of input balls into conveying pipe providing their uninterrupted charging into the chamber.

May 2010 – October 2010: Elaboration of an apparatus for neutron radiography of the cold moderator at the IBR-2M.

Nov. 2010 – Dec. 2010: Preparation of a final report

9.9. Developing H 2O ice based cold moderator and multilayer based neutron optical elements for enhancing cold neutron flux in reactors and accelerator based sources (India)

Chief investigator: BASU Saibal

Detailed work plan for the next 18 months 1. Complete Monte Carlo simulation process for obtaining the optimized geometry of the moderator pot: As described earlier, we have undertaken optimization of the moderator geometry for best possible output of cold neutrons from the ice moderator. We have already got the preliminary results for the ice cold source located at beam hole CS 3003 in Dhruva. This is a dedicated beam hole for the cold source. The input spectrum for the cold source is known for this location and that has been used in the Monte Carlo program. We are optimizing the thickness of the moderator at the abovementioned location for an ice temperature of 100 K. 2. Complete the engineering design of the moderator pot using finite element techniques for simulating the ice formation process, so that no water can remain trapped in the moderator pot at the time of ice formation. Otherwise there will be large stress developed in the moderator pot, every time ice is formed and the moderator pot will fail eventually. 3. Prepare a complete flow diagram (based on the experience of Mock Up test) and a fail-safe control logic for operation of the cold source. 4. Prepare a complete safety report for the installation of the cold source. This safety report will contain design of various components, based on our tests and simulation results. The safety report will be submitted for evaluation and needs to be cleared before we attempt installation of the cold source in the reactor. 5. Design the shielding for the specified beam hole and get it cleared by safety committee and then fabricate the same.

6. Procure and install LN 2 dewars in the vicinity of the reactor hall of Dhruva. Arrange laying of cryogenic lines to the beam hole mouth for cold source. 7. Assemble the components of the in-pile assembly inside the vacuum jacket and test.

9.10. Development of transmission method at a pulsed source (Japan)

Chief investigator: KIYANAGI Yoshiaki

Detailed work plan for the next 18 months 1. Model experiments to verify the reliability of the transmission method We are developing a new data analysis code for the transmission method to get the information of crystal structure and texture. To verify the validity of the code, experiments of in-situ strain measurements will be performed by using both methods of the transmission and the diffraction.

2. Simulation for studying the optimal condition of the experimental setup for the transmission method The transmission spectra are affected by the multiple scattering and sometimes the small angle scattering. To assess the effect of the multiple scattering and beam divergence is important to perform the data analysis for the precise information on preferred orientation, strain distribution and so on. We are developing a simulation code that can simulate the inelastic and the elastic scattering in the forward direction. We will complete the code development and perform the calculations to know the multiple-scattering effect including the beam divergence on the transmission spectrum and finally get the optimal condition of the experimental setup.

3. Detailed observation on a welded sample We will investigate in more detail the texture and the residual strain in the steel welding material. Welding material consists of parent material, welded place and heat affected zone (HAZ). The texture can have a marked effect on the overall shape of the Bragg edge profiles recorded for each hkl reflection. From the change of shape of Bragg edge profile, welded material may be divided into parent material, welded place and HAZ. In order to understand the detailed mechanism of a fatigue failure of welding material, we will try to specify the positions of parent material, welded place and HAZ and determine the residual strain quantitatively at different texture by one measurement.

4. Effect of the crystalline size on the transmission cross section Grain size affects the total cross section of the crystalline materials. We have already measured transmission spectra of two SS samples having different grain sizes. It was observed that the transmission cross section of the large grain size sample was smaller than that of the smaller sample. However, the method to evaluate the grain size effect has not been accomplished. We will proceed with a study on the grain size effect.

5. Experiments on practical materials In order to evaluate the effectiveness of high resolution transmission measurements, some experiments on the practical materials will be performed.

6. Detector development We are now developing a GEM detector with KEK and application of a color imaging intensifier (Color I.I.) to the time-of-flight method with Toshiba co. We will improve the detection efficiency of the GEM detector and apply Color I.I. for the precise measurement of time-of-flight spectroscopy.

9.11. Bragg edge transmission analysis at a medium intensity pulsed neutron source (Argentina)

Chief investigator: SANTISTEBAN Javier

Detailed work plan for the next 18 months 1. Implementation of Bragg edge transmission beamline at the Bariloche LINAC a. Commissioning of the recently-built cold moderator and associated cryogenic device. b. Installation of a new neutron beam monitor for this beamline. c. Installation of a transmission detection bank optimized for studying small samples. d. Implementation of Nexus-compatible file formats within the data acquisition software (see section below). 2. Development of a Bragg edge computer code a. Definition of input/output routines using the Nexus format b. Definition of a “TOF transmission” instrument within the Nexus format. c. Creation of a Matlab library for single-Bragg edge fitting analysis. d. Creation of a Matlab library for the calculation of total cross section of textured materials. e. Publication of the software via a dedicated webpage

10. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Mr José Rolando Granada Mr Michihiro Furusaka Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica Hokkaido University; Graduate School of (CNEA) Engineering Centro Atómico Bariloche; Division Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku Neutrones y Reactores Sapporo 060-8628 Av. Bustillo km 9,500 Japan 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche Email: [email protected] Argentina Tel: +81 11 706-6677 Email: [email protected] Fax: +81 11 706-6677 Tel: +54 2944 445223 Skype: michifurusaka Fax: +54 2944 445299 Skype: rolando.granada Mr Yoshiaki Kiyanagi Hokkaido University; Graduate School of Mr Pavol Mikula Engineering Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku (ASCR) Sapporo 060-8628 Nuclear Physics Institute v. v. i.; Japan Department of Neutron Physics Email: [email protected] Husinec-Rez, 130 Tel: +81 11 706-6650 250 68 Rez Fax: +81 11 706-7368 Czech Republic Skype: Email: [email protected] Tel: +420 2 6617 3553 Mr Hiraga Fujio Fax: +420 2 2094 0141 Hokkaido University; Graduate School of Skype: pavol.mikula1 Engineering Kita-13, Nishi-8 Mr Saibal Basu Kita-ku Solid State Physics Division Sapporo 060-8628 Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) Japan Trombay Email: [email protected] Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 085 Tel: +81 11 706- 6652 India Fax: +81 11 706- 6652 Email: [email protected] Skype: Tel: +91 22 25594588 Fax: +91 22 25505151 Mr Abdul Aziz Bin Mohamed Skype: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Mr Edy Giri Putra Malaysia Nuclear Agency National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) Division of Industrial Technology; Materials Gedung 40 kawasan Technology Section Puspiptek Serpong Kompleks MINT, Bangi Tangerang, Jawa Barat 15314 43000 Kajang, Selangor Indonesia Malaysia Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel: +62 21 7566727 Tel: +60 3 89250510 Fax: +62 21 7560926 Fax: +60 3 89250907 Skype: not yet available Skype:

Mr Sergey Kulikov Email: [email protected] Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) Tel: +1 812 855 0932 ul. Joliot-Curie, 6 Fax: +1 812 855 5533 141980 Dubna, Moskovskaya Oblast Skype: david.v.baxter Russian Federation Email: [email protected] Ms Françoise Mulhauser Tel: +7 49621 65915 Department of Nuclear Sciences and Fax: +7 49621 65253 Applications Skype: s_kulikov2002 International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 Mr David Baxter A-1400 Vienna Department of Physics Austria Swain Hall W 117 Email: [email protected] rd 727 E. 3 St. Tel: +43 12600 21753 Indiana University Fax: +43 126007 Bloomington, IN 47405-7105 Skype: myfanfan9 United States of America

11. LIST OF OBSERVERS

Mr Anwar Abdul Rahman Malaysia Nuclear Agency Ministry of Science, Technology and Kompleks MINT, Bangi Innovation 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia Nuclear Agency Malaysia Kompleks MINT, Bangi Email: [email protected] 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia Ms Faridah Md Idris Email: [email protected] Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Mr Azraf Azman Malaysia Nuclear Agency Ministry of Science, Technology and Kompleks MINT, Bangi Innovation 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia Nuclear Agency Malaysia Kompleks MINT, Bangi Email: 43000 Kajang, Selangor [email protected] Malaysia Email: [email protected]

Mr Wan Khalil Wan Ahmad Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysia Nuclear Agency Kompleks MINT, Bangi 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia Email: [email protected]

Mr Mohd rizal Mamat Ibrahim Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation

12. AGENDA

Thursday, July 2, 2009

09:00 – 09:45 Opening of the Meeting Welcoming Remarks Announcements Election of Chairperson and Rapporteur Discussion of the Agenda Approval of the Agenda Introduction of the participants 09:45 – 10:00 Status Report on the CRP Administrative arrangements for the meeting Introduction to the IAEA Co-ordinated Research Projects Ms. F. Mulhauser, IAEA 10:00 – 10:15 Opening by DDG 10:15 – 10:45 Coffee break 10:45 – 13:00 Progress Report (4x30minutes) and Discussions Session: Mini focusing SANS Japan (Mr Furusaka) Czech Republic (Mr Mikula) Malaysia (Mr Bin Mohamed) Indonesia (Mr Putra) 13:00 – 14:00 Lunch Break, IAEA Hospitality Event 14:00 – 17:00 Presentations (5x30minutes) and Discussions Session: Neutron sources USA (Mr Baxter) Japan (Mr Hiraga) Russian Federation (Mr Kulikov) India (Mr Basu) Argentina (Mr Granada)

Friday, July 3, 2009

08:30 – 13:00 Visit of Malaysian Nuclear Research Reactor and Centre 13:00 – 14:30 Lunch break 14:30 – 15:00 Presentations (2x30minutes) and Discussions Session: Transmission Measurements Argentina (Mr Granada) Japan (Mr Kiyanagi) 15:00 – 15:30 Coffee break 15:30 – 18:30 Summary of Progress reports versus Research objectives and expected outputs of the CRP: Discussion 20:00 – 22:00 Nuclear Malaysia Hospitality Event

Saturday, July 4, 2009

09.00 – 14:00 Discussions, drafting of the meeting report and closing of meeting

13. ANNEXES

Individual progress reports for each project are given in this section.

ANNEX I. MINI FOCUSING SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING (SANS)

I-1. Development of micro focusing small angle neutron scattering spectrometers

Main collaborators: M. Furusaka, F. Fumiyuki, A. Homma, Y. Kiyanagi, T. Kamiyama, F. Hiraga Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan Fax: +81-11-607-6677, E-mail: [email protected]

Other collaborators: K. Kamada, Y. Sasaki, K. Koyama, Y. Okusawa, N. Ishikawa (Hokkaido Univ.) P. Mikula (INR, Czeck Republic), H. Takahashi (Univ. Tokyo, Japan), K Hirota, Y. Otake, K. Ikeda (RIKEN, JAPAN) S. Naito, H. M. Shimizu, S. Ikeda, S. Satoh (KENS, Japan) M. Sugiyama (KUR, Japan), T. Sato (KUR, Japan, currently at Hokkaido Univ.), H. Yoshizawa, M. Shibayama, H. Endoh, Y. Kawamura, T. Asami (ISSP Univ. Tokyo)

I-1.1. Short summary of work done in our group.

Constructed two prototypes of "micro-focusing", now changed to "mini-focusing" SANS (mfSANS) instrument, one at the low-power pulsed-neutron source based on 45 MeV electron linac at Hokkaido University, and the other at the cold guide tube of JRR-3 reactor at JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency). They are still in an infant stage, but successfully obtained several SANS data. Analysis program development is also underway.

To realize the instruments, several neutron device developments were necessary.

1. We fabricated a wide-wavelength band monochromator based on bent perfect silicone crystal made of a stack of 30 thin plates. We found significant intensity loss, maybe due to surface roughness of the crystal plates. Detailed analysis is underway.

2. We made two ellipsoidal mirrors, one with nickel and the other with 2.5 Q c supermirror coating. The latter has sufficient quality for a focusing SANS instrument, but we are developing a new mirror made of different material (float glass instead of borated glass) with much better surface finish.

3. We are currently using a zinc sulfide (lithium) scintillation counter based on a resistive- wire type photo-multiplier tube. A high-resolution detector that has inherently better performance based on a new type of micro-strip technology has been tested and the prototype is working quite nicely.

4. We are trying to development a beam branching/bending device for both pulsed neutron sources. First basic test experiment has been carried out, but it is still in a very preliminary stage.

I-1.2. Scientific scope of your project under the CRP

Research activities using neutron scattering techniques are strongly hampered by its limited machine-time availability. We need very large facilities, either a research reactor or an accelerator driven neutron source, and the number of such facilities all over the world is rather limited. Also true is the number of instruments at such facilities. As a result, getting machine

time of one of such instruments is also severely limited; often they are oversubscribed by a factor of three or more.

In case of X-ray, there are a lot of laboratory based X-ray instruments all over the place. Instruments are commercially available; researchers can test their ideas or new samples without writing a proposal; many researchers know how to analyze data. If you need a more powerful instrument, synchrotron radiation facilities are there.

One way of overcoming this situation around neutron scattering technique, especially for SANS instrument, would be to develop a compact unit instrument that can be installed many on a beamline. The unit should be of low cost and can also be installed at low power accelerator based neutron sources. The answer to this is the mfSANS instrument. By using a neutron-focusing technique, like an ellipsoidal mirror we are developing, we can make a very compact SANS instrument. Current ones are 2.5 and 4m in total lengths.

We have to develop many devices, such as high intensity monochromator, beam branching device, high quality focusing mirror, and detector with high-resolution/high-count-rate /high- detecting efficiency. Also important is to develop easy to use software.

I-1.3. Detailed work plan for the next 18 months

1. Development of a wide-wavelength band monochromator based on bent perfect silicone crystal plates. It is based on new idea. To get a very wide wavelength range with relatively small beam divergence, we need to bend crystal very strongly, and at the same time, need very large beam divergence for the incident beam that matches the angles of the lattice plane of the bent crystal. We already fabricated a new beam deflector to get very large beam divergence that matches the angular change of lattice planes. We already testing the device but need detailed study. We also found that the surface roughness of the silicone plates degraded the performance of the monochromator; therefore, we should fix the problem and would like to complete the development.

2. Fabricate a new, better quality ellipsoidal mirror to reduce small-angle background. It is already underway.

3. Develop a stable detector based on the new micro-strip technology and install one to mfSANS instrument.

4. Develop a beam branching/bending device for both pulsed neutron sources, but it might be difficult to finish in 1.5 years because of financial and manpower problems.

I-1.4. The results obtained till now under the CRP

The first prototype mini-focusing small-angle neutron scattering (mfSANS) instrument was tested at the pulsed cold neutron facility based on a 45 MeV electron linac at Hokkaido University. The moderator was a solid methane moderator at about 17K together with a polyethylene premoderator at an ambient temperature therefore the spectrum was a combination of cold and thermal ones.

An ellipsoidal mirror of 900 mm in length made of three pieces was fabricated by the joint- venture company J-NOP as a prototype. The long radius of ellipsoid is 2 m, and the length between focal points 4 m. The mirror was made of 3 pieces of borated glass plates and the

surface was coated by Ni; the short radius is 20 mm and the height of the ellipsoidal part of the mirror was 20 mm at the center.

At one of the focal points, a cadmium plate with an aperture in between 1 and 10 mm in diameter was placed, and at the other focal point a detector made of zinc-sulfide scintillator with lithium neutron converter was place. Sample was placed just after the mirror, and the scattering path length to detector was about 1.4 m. We also placed a shielding plate to eliminate the neutrons that went through the upstream aperture, but did not reflected by the mirror and directly hit the detector.

Figure 1: Preliminary result of small-angle scattering in a piece of bovine thighbone. Red squares showed data obtained by mfSANS installed at Hokkaido University and blue and green ones by the one at JRR-3. Because this was a prototype, some part of the mirror surface was not smooth enough. We scanned the mirror surface with a cadmium pinhole placed just in front of the mirror, and check the focused beam on the detector whether it had a good shape. Only parts of the mirror that showed good direct beam shape by focusing were used.

When an upstream aperture of 5 mm in diameter was used, we obtained about the same direct beam size in FWHM. With a 1 mm diameter aperture, we obtained about 1.5 mm beam size in FWHM but with slightly elongated shape in longitudinal direction.

We measured several samples by the machine; one was iron or nickel powder in 20 nm in diameter, a micro-separated block co-polymer sample and water as standard samples and other ones like three pieces of bovine thighbone with different characteristics. We are developing an analysis program using Walfram made Mathematica program, but it is still in a preliminary stage.

Preliminary data taken by this machine and the one at JRR-3 were shown in Fig. 1. The sample was a piece of bovine thighbone. It was shown by the data that Qmin of 0.002 to 0.003 A-1 was obtained by this instrument. Qmax was only about 0.07 A-1 because of the detector size; it can be extended by placing higher angle detector like an array of linear position-sensitive detectors (LPSD) that is shown below. The larger Q-ranges were covered by the mfSANS instrument installed at JRR-3 with different aperture sizes.

Figure 3: Ellipsoidal mirror placed inside of a Figure 2: mfSANS instrument installed at JRR-3. vacuum chamber. A second prototype mfSANS instrument has been installed at the cold neutron guide beamline, C1-3, at JRR-3 research reactor of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

In this case, an ellipsoid neutron mirror with supermirror coating of 2.5 Q c was used. The distance between the focal points was 2.5 m, considerably shorter than the one at Hokkaido University. The length of the mirror was also 900mm, made of three pieces.

Figure 4: The zinc-sulfide scintillation detector shown at the center and an array of linear position sensitive detectors of the mfSANS instrument at JRR-3. The instrument was installed not at horizontal plane, but tilted by 45 degrees toward ceiling from the horizontal line. A photograph of the instrument is shown in Fig. 2. The focusing mirror was installed in a vacuum chamber shown at the center of the photograph. A monochromator and a cadmium aperture were place in the shielding box shown at the bottom, the detector at the top part of the photograph. In Fig. 3 was shown the ellipsoidal mirror installed in the vacuum chamber. The LPSD was installed just in front of the zinc-sulfide scintillation detector as shown in Fig. 4. We successfully obtained about 2.5 mm FWHM focused beam at the detector position using a 2 mm aperture at one of the two focal points of the focusing mirror. We obtained SANS data from standard samples, such as Ni powder of 20 nm in diameter and micro-separated block-copolymer DI33, and preliminary results are shown in Fig. 5 and 6, respectively.

Figure 5: Preliminary data; Small-angle scattering in nickel powder standard sample of 20 Figure 6: Small-angle scattering in a micro- nm in diameter. separated block co-polymer. -1 -1 The accessible Q-range for the instrument at JRR-3 was about 0.005 A to 0.02 A . They shifted to higher Q ranges because the distance between the sample and detector was about 760 mm, about half of the one of the instrument at Hokkaido University. Q max becomes -1 significantly larger, 0.5 A if we combine the LPSD detector bank data. We still have a small-angle background problem due to the surface roughness of the ellipsoidal mirror; we had to give up the final finish because of a failure of the grinding machine. It should be noted that even with such a mirror, we obtained reasonable small-angle scattering data shown above. We are fabricating a new mirror with much better surface finish now with float glass substrate instead of borated glass one, because the former is more ductile.

Figure 7: Schematic diagram of a neutron-beam deflector bender complex. A bent prefect silicone monochromator was placed at a monochromator shielding of Ultra- Low-angle Scattering instrument (ULS), just down-stream of the monochromator of ULS. The monochromator is made of a stack of 30 silicone crystal plates of 0.5 mm in thickness, 120 mm in length and 20 mm in width, placed at the fully asymmetric diffraction geometry. The bent radius was about 2m and 5.8 A neutrons were extracted by using a (111) lattice plane with 2 θ of 135 degree.

Unfortunately, the performance of the monochromator for mfSANS at JRR-3 is very poor at this moment. We fabricated and testing a better monochromator as shown in Fig. 7. It is based on bent-perfect-silicone crystal slabs with a beam divergence enhancement device consisting of many supermirrors at an upstream position. Design goal is to obtain ∆λ/λ of more than 1%.

I-2. Development and optimization of a curved wide wavelength band monochromator based on strongly cylindrically bent perfect Si-slabs in a sandwich for minifocusing small-angle neutron scattering (mfSANS) device

Chief Scientific Investigator : RNDr. Pavol Mikula DrSc.

Nuclear Physics Institute v.v.i., AS CR, 25068 Rez, Czech Republic

Fax: +420-220940141, E-mail: [email protected]

I-2.1. Short summary of work performed in the NPI during the last 3-4 years which is related to the contract

Neutron diffraction group of Neutron Physics Department of NPI Řež has a high credit in neutron scattering community and keeps world priority in application of Bragg diffraction optics based on cylindrically bent perfect crystals in neutron diffractometry and spectrometry.

In the last 4 years the activity has been followed in two ways: An employment of already developed focusing devices based on cylindrically bent perfect crystals in high resolution neutron diffractometers and spectrometers and testing of new designs of high and ultrahigh resolution focusing monochromators/analyzers [1-12]. First, in 2007 we have provided know- how and two focusing devices for double crystal SANS diffractometer for Demokritos Institute in Athens. Then, similarly we have provided two horizontally and vertically focusing devices to HMI Berlin, where after an installation the figure of merit of neutron diffractometer has increased by a factor of 12. Also in 2006 we have provided focusing monochromators to BARC Mumbai and in 2005 and in 2008 to KAERI Daejeon and JINR Dubna. However, NPI has been engaged to a large extent in Monte Carlo simulations of neutron scattering devices employing neutron optics elements. Such MC simulations have been done namely for HMI Berlin (2006), JINR Dubna (2007), NECSA South Africa (2008) and CIAE Beijing (2008). It should be pointed out that NPI is widely recognized (at the European level) RESTRAX software package for estimation of characteristic properties of designed performance of neutron scattering devices and their optimization. The unique of the RESTRAX package for neutron ray tracing consists in its possibility of implementing the neutron optical elements (e.g. curved crystals, flat or curved mirrors and supermirrors, any type of collimators etc.)

I-2.2. Scientific scope of the project under the CRP

The main task related directly to CRP project was participation at the development of focusing monochromator for micro(mini)-focusing SANS device designed by Hokkaido University. The idea of the micro(mini)-focusing SANS device proposed by the Department of Mechanical Intelligence Engineering, Hokkaido University supposes to employ a cylindrically bent perfect (sandwich) monochromator and two curved focusing supermirrors. It represents an inexpensive and compact SANS performance permitting measurements in a large scale momentum transfer which can be installed at a cold neutron source. According to the research plan introduced in the proposal of the CRP research contract, we have prepared several sets of crystal slabs for the CRP partner Hokkaido University.

– First, individual silicon ingots were bought and oriented by using X-ray diffractometer for a consequential cutting.

– Two sets (2x30) of the perfect silicon crystal slabs of a special cut with the lattice planes (111) at the angle 67.5 deg have been prepared. The dimensions of the slabs are: 3 120x20x0.5 mm (length x width x thickness). Therefore, such a cut of the crystal slabs permits us to use the bent focusing monochromator in the so called fully asymmetric diffraction geometry when employing it just at the Bragg angle of 67.5 deg. The monochromator in the form of sandwich containing these slabs will be installed at the C1-3 position of the reactor JRRR-3 in Tokai for a prototype of the newly designed mfSANS instrument. The thickness of the slabs is 0.5 mm and all were polished to remove a slightly damaged surface brought about by cutting wires. One set of the crystal slabs will be as a spare one.

– Two sets (1x30 and 1x40) of the crystal slabs of the same orientation which will be used for mechanical tests (minimum curvature, optimum number of slabs in the sandwich) have been prepared.

– We have carried out calculations related to reflectivity parameters of a strongly curved sandwich type monochromator consisting of thin silicon crystal slabs.

– During my stay in Hokkaido University (July 15 – July 25, 2007) a demonstration of manipulation with the sandwich type curved monochromator was carried out.

First mock-up test experiments of a time-of –flight type mfSANS was already carried out at a small pulsed cold-neutron source at Hokkaido University and then in JAERI Tokai [13,14]. First results were presented at the ICANS-18 conference in Dongguan City, (China) April 26- 29, 2007 and on the related First CRP Coordination Meeting held in Sapporo, July 23-25, 2007. Recent results were presented in the contribution of prof. M. Furusaka at the ICNX 2009 conference in Kuala Lumpur (June 29 – July 1, 2009) and also at the CRP meeting in Kuala Lumpur (July 2-4, 2009).

Thanks to the CRP project and meetings, new contacts of mutual collaborations have been also established. Within these collaborations our know-how in the Bragg diffraction optics can be provided to other laboratories, which are interested in employment of focusing devices in their neutron scattering devices (see the next chapter).

I-2.3. Work plan for the next 18 months of the CRP

– After clarifying the reasons of lower efficiency of the monochromator for minifocusing small-angle neutron scattering (mfSANS) device of Hokkaido University, NPI Rez will prepare new set of crystal wafers.

– Construction of two new horizontally focusing monochromators for KAERI Daejeon and about 10 new crystal slabs (namely Si(111) and Si(220))providing different resolution at different monochromator take-off angles.

– Construction of complete horizontally focusing monochromator for BARC Mumbai

– Preparation of crystal slabs for horizontally and vertically focusing monochromator for BARC Mumbai. The mechanical part will be made in BARC Mumbai.

– Construction of horizontally focusing monochromator for Malaysian Nuclear Agency

– Monte Carlo simulations of parameters of two instruments in KAERI Daejeon. 34

– Presentation of advantageous employment of focusing elements in neutron scattering instruments on international meetings and workshops.

I-2.4. Summary – Results obtained till now under CRP

– Preparation of the monochromator part for (mini)Focusing SANS device designed and constructed by Hokkaido University (main task of the CRP project)

– Construction of focusing monochromator for KAERI Daejeon and 17 crystal slabs for a different monochromator use

– Monte Carlo simulations of optimum parameters of neutron scattering devices for JINR Dubna, KAERI Daejeon, CIAE Beijing, NECSA South Africa

Horizontally focusing monochromator as prepared for JINR Dubna, KAERI Daejeon, BARC Mumbai and Malaysian Nuclear Agency

I-2.5. References

[1] P. Mikula and M. Vrána, Neutron diffraction performance based on multiple Bragg reflection (MBR) monochromator for high-resolution neutron radiography , Biennial Report 2005-2006, Nuclear Physics Institute, v.v.i., AS CR, Řež near Prague, p.41.

[2] M.K. Moon, C.H. Lee, V.T. Em, P. Mikula, et al., Optimization of Bent Perfect Si(311)- Crystal Monochromator for Residual Strain/Stress Instrument at HANARO Reactor - Part I, Physica B, 369 (2005) 1-7.

[3] M.K. Moon, C.H. Lee, V.T. Em, P. Mikula, et al., Optimization of Bent Perfect Si(220)- Crystal Monochromator for Residual Strain/Stress Instrument- Part II, Physica B- Condensed Matter, 368 (2005) 70-75.

[4] P. Mikula, M. Vrána, V. Wagner, D. Lott, Dispersive Monochromators/Analyzers Based on Cylindrically Bent Perfect Crystals (BPC) for High-Resolution TOF Spectrometry , In th proceedings of the ICANS-XVII-17 Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced Neutron Sources, April 25-29, 2005, Santa Fe, New Mexico.

[5] P. Mikula, M. Vrána, D. Lott, V. Wagner, Neutron monochromator based on dispersive double-reflections excited in a cylindrically bent-perfect-crystal (BPC) slab, In Proc. of the ICNS 2005 Conf., Sydney, Nov. 27 – Dec. 2, 2005, Physica B, 385-386 (2006) 1274-1276.

[6] S. Kawamura, J. H. Kaneko, H. Fujimoto, Y. Otake, F. Fujita, A.Homma, T. Sawamura, P. Mikula, M. Furusaka, Deformation experiment of piezoelectric single-crystals for neutron- optical-devices, In Proc. of the ICNS 2005 Conf., Sydney, Nov. 27 – Dec. 2, 2005, Physica B, 385-386 (2006) 1277-1279.

[7] P. Mikula, M. Vrána, V. Wagner, High-resolution neutron diffraction performance for stress/strain measurements in polycrystalline materials , Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, , Suppl. 23 (2006) 205-210.

[8] Y. N. Choi, S.A. Kim, S.K. Kim, S.B. Kim, C.H. Lee, P. Mikula, M. Vrána , Bent perfect crystal (BPC) monochromator at the monochromatic focusing condition , Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Suppl. 23 (2006) 199-204.

[9] P. Mikula, M. Vrána, V. Wagner, M. Furusaka, Multiple reflections (MR) – a new challenge for high-resolution neutron diffractometry and spectrometry , In Proc. of European Workshop on Neutron Optics NOP07, PSI Willigen, March, 5-7, 2007, Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Phys. Research, Section A, A586 (2008) 18-22.

[10] P. Mikula, M. Vrána, and V. Wagner , Neutron multiple reflections excited in cylindrically bent perfect crystals and their possible use for high-resolution neutron scattering , In the book “Modern Developments in X-ray and Neutron Optics”, eds. A. Erko, M. Idir, T. Krist, A.G. Michette, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, Volume 137/2008 , pp. 459-470.

[11] R.C. Wimpory, P. Mikula, J. Saroun, T. Poeste, Junghong Li, M Hoffman nand R. Schneider, Efficiency Boost of the Materials Science Diffractometer E3 at BENSC: One Order of Magnitude, Due to a Double Focusing Monochromator , Neutron News, 19 (2008) 16-19.

[12] R.C. Wimpory, P. Mikula, J. Saroun, T. Poeste, R. Schneider, J. Li and M. Hoffmann, Efficiency Boost of the Materials Science Diffractometer E3 at BENSC: One Order of Magnitude, BENSC Experimental Report 2007, HMI Berlin, Edited by U. Stahnke, A. Brandt and H.A. Graf, April 2008, HMI-B 617, ISSN 0936-0891.

[13] M. Furusaka, K. Kamada, Y. Kiyanagi, F. Fumiyuki, A. Homma, K. Ikeda, K. Hirota, H. Shimizu, S. Satoh, P. Mikula, T. Satoh, K. Tanabe, K. Koyama, H. Takahashi, K. Fujita, T. Kamiyama, S. Naito, Y. Kawamura, H. Yoshizawa, S. Ikeda, First results from a mini- focusing Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument (mfSANS) with an ellipsoidal mirror , In Proc. of the Int. Conf. On Advanced Neutron Sources ICANS XVIII, April 26-29,2007, Dongguan, China.

[14] M. Furusaka, T. Satoh, Y. Sasaki, Y. Kawamura, T. Asami, Y. Otake, K. Ikeda, P. Mikula, Y. Kiyanagi, S. Naito, H. Yoshizawa, Installation of a prototype of focusing-type small-angle neutron scattering instrument with an ellipsoidal supermirror, Activity Report on Neutron Scattering Research: Exp. Reports 15 (2008), Report Number: 655, Tokyo University.

I-3. Development of mini-focus SANS

Main collaborator: Abdul Aziz Mohammed Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia) Kompleks PUSPATI, Bangi 43000 Kajang Selangor MALAYSIA Tel #: 603-89250510; Fax #: 603-89282992 Email: [email protected]

Other collaborators: Azraf Azman , [email protected] Mohd Rizal Mamat, rizal@ nuclearmalaysia.gov.my Megat Harun Al Rashid Megat Ahmad , [email protected] Rafhayudi Jamro , [email protected] Anwar Abdul Rahman, [email protected]

I-3.1. Project Summary

The current SANS system at Malaysian Nuclear Agency is only capable to measure Q in limited range with a PSD (128x128) fixed at 4m from the sample. The existing reactor hall that incorporate this MYSANS facility has a layout that prohibits the rebuilding of MYSANS where the position between the monochromator (HOPG) and sample, and the position between the sample and the PSD cannot be increased for wider Q range.3 2 The flux of the neutron at current sample holder is very low which is around 10 n/cm /sec. Thus it is important to rebuild the MYSANS to maximize the utilization of neutron beams. Over the years, the facility has undergone maintenance and some changes have been made. Modification on secondary shutter and control has been carried out to improve the safety level of the instrument. A compact micro-focus SANS method can suit this objective together with an improve cryostat system. Study of focusing issues (divergence/specular tails) and evaluation and design of micro-focus apparatus for MYSANS facility at Nuclear Malaysia which include design and fabrication of focusing reflector (NiTi) and detector system will be beneficial in term of technology enhancement and human capital development.

In the last meeting, we reported there are four researchers involved in this project. From Oct 2008 two junior researchers have been assigned into this project. It is therefore six researchers are engaged in this project. The following is a brief background of the new members.

Anwar and Rizal are Mechanical Engineers and have been working with the Nuclear Malaysia for 6 years. They are currently undertaking work on Shielding Fabrication for X-ray and Neutron Beam Application. Megat Harun is currently on on-job attachment with Dr Furusaka laboratory at Hokaido University, Japan. His main mission is to design and collecting information on hardware and software for MYSANS micro-focusing technique.Scope of Works

I-3.1.1. Nanostructured alumina materials characterization study

The production of alumina materials with controlled porosity is of considerable interest to the international research and development community. This study has identified that alumina

with controlled porosity was useful in the electronics industry and set about finding the best method of material preparation and the most appropriate methods of materials characterisation. Alumina nanostructured samples preparations have been carried out at Nuclear Malaysia and SANS characterizations have been performed at SANS BATAN, Indonesia. Analyses of SANS data and modelling of the nanostructured samples are mostly carried out by the Nuclear Malaysia’s MYSANS group.

I-3.1.2. Neutron cooling

Studying the present cryostat design and its performance has been carried out in re-innovating a cooling system that can be enhanced the cooling efficiency and will increase the production of thermal “cooled” neutron. The new system will incorporate improved heat transfer rate, therefore will allow the production of more thermal neutrons. Fluid dynamics calculations will be carried out to model the heat transfer mechanism in the system.

Some works and components have been done in realising these needs. It can be highlighted as follows:

The new liquid nitrogen container is a self-pressurized container. The liquid losses are minimal compared to the current system. The current pumping system used small pump and deliver the liquid through a flexible pipe

Vacuum pump-turbo molecular pumping station which can achieved higher vacuum level up to 1e-6 milibar (Leybold). Previously the cryogenic was pumped using only roughing vacuum pump the pumping level is ~ 1e-2 milibar.

The cryostat which includes the liquid nitrogen (LN2) tank, Beryllium (Be) filters and Cadmiums. The heat transfer from LN2 tank to the Be and Cd is through the thermal

lingkage which is attach to the tank. The system only achieve 83K after 2 hours and basically need ~ 50 liters of LN2. The losses may also come from the LN2 delivery from the Dewar tank. The LN2 is transfered using a flexible pipe and not properly insulated along the pipe. The delivery is done using the compressed air method. To reduced the losses, we will use the self pressurized tank to deliver the LN2 efficiently.

With the current system, the cryostat is vacuum pump only up to 1e-2 milibar and the tank is not insulated. To improve the cryostat performance, the tank now is insulated using the super insulator – aluminized maylar and the system will be vacuum up to 1e-06 milibar.

To measure the temperature, the current feedthrough thermocouple adapter is not suitable. A new thermocouple feedthrough with four terminals and thermocouple type T replacing the current feedthrough. The feedthrough and thermocouple has been installed at the cryostat.

The thermocouple system also had improved Thermocouple- 4 and installed at the cryostat to measured the terminals Be filters.

Super insulator- The liquid tank is insulated with multilayer Alumanized mylar super insulator –aluminized mylar and vacuum pump up to 1e-6 milibar to minimized / reduced the thermal radiation heat transfer.

I-3.1.3. Neutron shielding

Computational methods have been carried to simulate radiation shielding surrounding an instrument. The Monte Carlo (MC) method is a computational algorithm that can provide approximate solutions to a variety of nuclear and also other physical problems by the simulation of random quantities. MCNP is well known to provide reasonable agreement on result simulation and real experiment. A Monte Carlo simulation of the Malaysian nuclear reactor has been performed using MCNP Version 5 code. The determination of flux distribution for TRIGA Mark II PUSPATI (RTP) research reactor and SANS beam port in Malaysia was done based on the Monte Carlo method. The modelling work has been performed to calculate the value of flux distribution i.e. neutron and photon in a SANS facility. The beam port and SANS facility was modelled as close as possible to the real geometry to get the reasonable results. The SANS beam port were modelled in 200 cm length and 20 cm in diameters.

Fig. 1: Radial Model for the RTP configuration in MCNP 5

Figure 2: SANS beam port (cell no. 409) were modeled in MCNP5 computer Code

Result:

-2 -1 Cell no. neutron flux (ncm s ) Relative or errors, R

-2 -1 photon flux (pcm s )

10 409 thermal: 9.0856 x10 0.0049

10 fast: 7.6534 x10 0.0129

10 photon: 8.7351 x10 0.0452

I-3.2. Work Plan Year -2008

Nanostructured Material Characterisations

No Programme / Activities Jan - Apr May – Aug Sept - Dec Notes

3. Design of micro-focusing mirror and funding applications

4. Evaluation of parts/hardwares those to be purchased and fabricated 5. Setup, testing and verification of micro-focusing system and shielding performance – assistance from Hokaido University Cooling System for Neutron Beam Conditioning

No Programme / Activities Jan - Apr May – Aug Sept - Dec Notes

4 Initial testing and system verification 5 Performance evaluation at various reactor powers Shielding Calculation Using MCNP

No Programme / Activities Jan - Apr May – Aug Sept - Dec Notes

3. Simulation and estimation using MCNP for shielding system including collimator system, neutron source and neutron collimator 4. Evaluation of parts, hardware and materials to be purchased and fabricated 5. Setup, testing and verification of shielding performance evaluation

I-3.2.1. Current Achievement and Results

– MYSANS – enhancement in electronic DAQ – interfacing method using GPIB-USB protocol, data treatment/analysis and easy movement of the flight – installed air lifting footers and collimator tubes.

–

– – Cryostat – simulation results using 2-D & 3-D geometry using FEA. The result with 2D FEA modelling is accurate and mostly in agreement with the result obtained through experimental.

– MCNP – basic simulation on MYSANS shielding setup.

– Sample – prepared and characterise using BATAN, SANS and other related techniques, i.e. TEM, XRD. I-3.3. Work Plan For The Year 2009

Nanostructured Material Characterisations