DOCSLIB.ORG

The Settler Economies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Settler Economies THE SETTLER ECONOMIES AFRICAN STUDIES SERIES 35 Editorial Board John Dunn, Reader in Politics and Fellow of King's College, Cambridge J.M. Lonsdale, Lecturer in History and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge David M.G. Newbery, Lecturer in Economics and Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge A.F. Robertson, Assistant Director of Development Studies and Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge The African Studies Series is a collection of monographs and general studies that reflect the interdisciplinary interests of the African Studies Centre at Cambridge. Volumes to date have combined historical, anthropological, economic, political and other perspectives. Each contribution has assumed that such broad approaches can contribute much to our understanding of Africa, and that this may in turn be of advantage to specific disciplines. OTHER BOOKS IN THE SERIES 3 Land Policy in Buganda Henry W. West 4 The Nigerian Military: A Sociological Analysis of Authority and Revolt 1960-1967 Robin Luckham 5 The Ghanaian Factory Worker: Industrial Man in Africa Margaret Peil 6 Labour in the South African Gold Mines, 1911-1969 Francis Wilson 7 The Price of Liberty: Personality and Politics in Colonial Nigeria Kenneth J. Post and George D. Jenkins 9 Dependence and Opportunity: Political Change in Ahafo John Dunn and A.F. Robertson 10 African Railwaymen: Solidarity and Opposition in an East African Labour Force R.D. Grillo 11 Islam and Tribal Art in West Africa Rene A. Bravmann 12 Modern and Traditional Elites in the Politics of Lagos P.D. Cole 13 Asante in the Nineteenth Century: The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order Ivor Wilks 14 Culture, Tradition and Society in the West African Novel Emmanuel Obiechina 15 Saints and Politicians: Essays in the Organisation of a Senegalese Peasant Society Donal B. Cruise O'Brien 16 The Lions of Dagbon: Political Change in Northern Ghana Martin Staniland 17 Politics of Decolonization: Kenya Europeans and the Land Issue 1960-1965 Gary Wasserman 18 Muslim Brotherhoods in Nineteenth-Century Africa B.G. Martin 19 Warfare in the Sokoto Caliphate: Historical and Sociological Perspectives Joseph P. Smaldone 20 Liberia and Sierra Leone: An Essay in Comparative Politics Christopher Clapham 21 Adam Kok's Griquas: A Study in the Development of Stratification in South Africa Robert Ross 22 Class, Power and Ideology in Ghana: The Railwaymen of Sekondi Richard Jeffries 23 West African States: Failure and Promise: A Study in Comparative Politics John Dunn 24 Afrikaners of the Kalahari: White Minority in a Black State Margo Russell and Martin Russell 25 A Modern History of Tanganyika John Iliffe 26 A History of African Christianity 1950-1975 Adrian Hastings 27 Slaves, Peasants and Capitalists in Southern Angola 1840-1926 W.G. Clarence-Smith 28 The Hidden Hippopotamus: Reappraisal in African History: The Early Colonial Experience in Western Zambia Gwyn Prins 29 Families Divided: The Impact of Migrant Labour in Lesotho Colin Murray 30 Slavery, Colonialism and Economic Growth in Dahomey 1640-1960 Patrick Manning 31 Kings, Commoners and Concessionaires: The Evolution and Dissolution of the Nineteenth-Century Swazi State Philip Bonner 32 Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism: The Case of Sayyid Mahammad 'Abdille Hasan Said S. Samatar 33 The Political Economy of Pondoland 1860-1930: Production, Labour, Migrancy and Chiefs in Rural South Africa William Beinart 34 Volkskapitalisme: Class, Capital and Ideology in the Development of Afrikaner Nationalism 1934-1948 Dan O'Meara THE SETTLER ECONOMIES Studies in the economic history of Kenya and Southern Rhodesia 1900-1963 PAUL MOSLEY Lecturer in Economics, University of Bath CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE LONDON NEW YORK NEW ROCHELLE MELBOURNE SYDNEY CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www. Cambridge. org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521102452 © Cambridge University Press 1983 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1983 This digitally printed version 2009 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 82-12896 ISBN 978-0-521-24339-1 hardback ISBN 978-0-521-10245-2 paperback Contents List of maps page vii List of tables vii List of figures x Preface xi A note on currency xii Abbreviations xiii 1 Introduction 1 1 Scope and methods 1 2 Background data 4 2 The political constraints on economic behaviour 10 1 Introduction: the concept of 'extra-market operations' 10 2 The evolution of government policy in input markets: three case studies 13 3 Conclusion: scope and determinants of extra-market operations 64 Appendix 1: A 'stimulus-response' model of government economic policy response in settler economies 68 3 African agricultural development 71 1 Introduction: a theoretical perspective 71 2 Long-period change among crop producers 76 3 Short-period response 1: the supply responses of maize producers 90 4 Short-period response 2: the case of African beef cattle 101 Appendix 2: A note on the data for Chapter 3 109 4 The labour market 114 1 Introduction and background data 114 2 The market for unskilled labour in mines and plantations 119 Contents Appendix 3: A note on the data for Chapter 4 143 Appendix 4'- Detailed time series on wages and employment: Kenya and Southern Rhodesia 1905-63 148 Appendix 5 : The African informal sector 166 5 European agriculture 170 1 Introduction 170 2 Economic performance 172 3 Factor proportions and their relationship to policy 183 Appendix 6 : A note on the data for Chapter 5 193 6 Secondary industry 195 1 Introduction: the problem to be resolved 195 2 Industries producing for final demand: income inequality and industrial development 197 3 Industrial development and the market of neighbouring countries 208 Appendix 7: A comparison of earnings and industrial structure in the settler economies and three non-settler economies in the early 1960s 216 Appendix 8: Income inequality and the demand for manufactures (after Pearson and others) 232 7 Conclusions 234 Notes 237 Bibliography 271 Index 286 VI Maps Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: principal place names xiv 1.1 Africa: 'settler economies', rain-sufficient regions, and land over 3000 feet above sea level 6 2.1 Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: disposition of African reserves, by Kenyan District Commissioners to 1915 and by Southern Rhodesian Native Commissioners to 1910 22 2.2 Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: boundaries of African and European area, as established by (Kenya) Highlands Order in Council 1939 and (Southern Rhodesia) Land Apportionment Act 1930 23 2.3a Conflict over branch railway lines, Southern Rhodesia, 1920s 35 2.3b Alternative routes for Uasin Gishu Railway, Kenya, 1914-24 35 Tables 1.1 'Settler economies' 1960: population, land and European representation on legislative body 7 2.1 'Extra-market operations': objectives, strategies and resulting policies 12 2.2 Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: some important land concessions before 1914 15 2.3 Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: prices of land in European areas, 1906-55 17 2.4 Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: distribution of African population by type of land tenure, 1922-51 26 2.5 Rail rates for carriage of freight a Kenya and Uganda Railway, 1914-59 31 b Rhodesia Railways, 1905-58 32 2.6 Kenya, Southern Rhodesia and Nigeria: railway rates, 1920 33 2.7 Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: ratios of average rail rates on 'representa- tive baskets' of goods consumed by Africans and Europeans, 1914-59 39 vii Tables 2.8 Southern Rhodesia: operation of maize market under Maize Control Amendment Act 1934 48 2.9 Kenya 1942: price structure for maize 51 2.10 Prices paid for African cattle, 1938 a Southern Rhodesia 55 b Kenya 56 2.11 Southern Rhodesia and Kenya: guaranteed prices for cattle per 100 lb liveweight, 1948 58 2.12 Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: price structures for maize, evolution early 1940s to late 1950s 60 2.13 Hypothetical profits on local sales of beef by Southern Rhodesia Cold Storage Commission, 1961/2 buying season 63 2.14 Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: economic stimuli and political responses, 1903-60 65 3.1 Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: African agricultural development, a general overview 72 3.2 Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: African marketed crop production, shares of grain and 'pure cash-crops' 74 3.3 Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: African population densities 78 3.4 Kenya, principal African districts: sales of agricultural produce outside the district 86 3.5 Kenya, principal African districts: population density, absenteeism and cash-crop sales, 1929, 1945 and 1961 88 3.6 Maize exports, sales and price a Southern Rhodesia, 1930-61 92 b Kenya, 1929-63 94 3.7 Results of regression analysis relating maize deliveries to price offered and other variables a Southern Rhodesia 98 b Kenya 99 3.8 Sales of cattle and certain possible explanatory variables a Kenya, Masai districts, 1924-52 102 b Southern Rhodesia, 1918-40 104 3.9 Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: deliveries of African-owned cattle to statutory board, 1941-63 108 3.10 Southern Rhodesia: frequency distribution of population/taxpayer ratios 111 3.11 Kenya and Southern Rhodesia: estimates
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 'Green' Trajectory of Economic Growth and Energy Security in Kenya?
    Towards a ‘green’ trajectory of economic growth and energy security in Kenya? Tom Owino Ries Kamphof Ernst Kuneman Xander van Tilburg Research Report Louise van Schaik James Rawlins Towards a ‘green’ trajectory of economic growth and energy security in Kenya? Tom Owino Ries Kamphof Ernst Kuneman Xander van Tilburg With contributions from Louise van Schaik and James Rawlins Research Report December 2016 December 2016 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. Cover photo: Farmer shows Feed the Future Kenya AVCD team her solar power in Opapo orange‑flesh sweet potato site visit in Migori county. © Flickr.com, ILRI/Muthoni Njiru Unauthorized use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non‑commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material. Material on the website of the Clingendael Institute may be reproduced or publicly displayed, distributed or used for any public and non‑commercial purposes, but only by mentioning the Clingendael Institute as its source. Permission is required to use the logo of the Clingendael Institute. This can be obtained by contacting the Communication desk of the Clingendael Institute ([email protected]). The following web link activities are prohibited by the Clingendael Institute and may present trademark and copyright infringement issues: links that involve unauthorized use of our logo, framing, inline links, or metatags, as well as hyperlinks or a form of link disguising the URL.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Cape Town
    The Collapse of a Regional Institution: The Story of the East African Railways within the East African Community, 1967-1977 Patrick / Whang / WHNPAT001 A minor dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Arts in Economic History Faculty of the Humanities University of Cape Town 2016 COMPULSORY DECLARATION This work has not beenUniversity previously submitted inof whole, Cape or in part, Townfor the award of any degree. It is my own work. Each significant contribution to, and quotation in, this dissertation from the work, or works, of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. Signature: Date: 1 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Acknowledgements I would first like to begin by thanking my supervisor, Dr. Michelle Sikes, for her patience and guidance in helping me to navigate the process of developing this dissertation and also helping me discover my academic voice. I have learned so much from her in such a short period. In helping me find appropriate primary sources, I have to thank two people. One is Mr. Anniel Njoka who is a staff librarian at the Daily Nation newspaper in Nairobi. His experience with navigating the news archives and also working with researchers made my task much easier in exploiting this wonderful resource.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenya: an African Oil Upstart in Transition
    October 2014 Kenya: An African oil upstart in transition OIES PAPER: WPM 53 Luke Patey Danish Institute for International Studies & Research Associate, OIES The contents of this paper are the authors’ sole responsibility. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies or any of its members. Copyright © 2014 Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (Registered Charity, No. 286084) This publication may be reproduced in part for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. ISBN 978-1-78467-011-5 October 2014 - Kenya: An African oil upstart in transition i Acknowledgements I would like to thank Adrian Browne, Bassam Fattouh, Celeste Hicks, Martin Marani, and Mikkel Funder for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of the paper. I alone remain responsible for any errors or shortcomings. October 2014 - Kenya: An African oil upstart in transition ii Executive Summary In late March 2012, Kenya entered the East African oil scene with a surprising splash. After decades of unsuccessful on-and-off exploration by international oil companies, Tullow Oil, a UK-based firm, discovered oil in Kenya’s north-west Turkana County. This paper analyses the opportunities and risks facing Kenya’s oil industry and its role as a regional oil transport hub. It provides a snapshot of Kenya’s economic, political, and security environment, offers a comprehensive overview of the development of Kenya’s oil industry and possibilities for regional oil infrastructure cooperation with neighbouring countries in East Africa, and considers the potential political, social, and security risks facing the oil industry and regional infrastructure plans.
    [Show full text]
  • An Employment- Targeted Economic Program for Kenya ______
    An Employment- Targeted Economic Program for Kenya ___________________________________________________ Robert Pollin Mwangi wa Githinji~ ~ James Heintz Department of Economics and Political Economy Research Institute (PERI), University of Massachusetts-Amherst COUNTRY STUDY SUPPORTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL POVERTY CENTRE This is an independent report produced by a team of international and national consultants supported by the International Poverty Centre in Brasilia (IPC). This report is part of a wider global research programme encompassing several other countries. The views in this report are the authors’ and not necessarily IPC’s. However, the IPC regards this report as an important contribution to the debate on economic policies and employment programmes in Kenya as well as in other countries in Africa. Copyright © 2007 POLITICAL ECONOMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (PERI) Gordon Hall / 418 N. Pleasant St., Suite A Amherst, MA, USA, 01002 http://www.umass.edu/peri An Employment-Targeted Economic Program for Kenya: Brief Highlights of Major Proposals The principal focus of our study is to develop effective policies for greatly ex- panding decent employment opportunities in Kenya. As we use the term, de- cent employment means a work situation that enables people to at least maintain him/herself and his/her family above a reasonable poverty line. The government of Kenya has committed itself to generating 500,000 new jobs per year at least through 2007. We certainly embrace this goal. At the same time, there are wide disparities in the types of employment opportunities avail- able in Kenya. A high proportion of people working full time at jobs are still unable to support themselves and their families above a poverty-line level.
    [Show full text]
  • Choice of Attractions, Expenditure and Satisfaction of International Tourists to Kenya /Pius Odunga Phd-Thesis, Wageningen University
    Choice of Attractions, Expenditure and Satisfaction of International Tourists to Kenya Pius Ongoro Odunga Promotor: prof. dr. H. Folmer Hoogleraar in de Algemene Economie Wageningen Universiteit, Nederland prof. dr. G. Antonides Hoogleraar in de Economie van Consumenten en Huishoudens Wageningen Universiteit, Nederland Co-promotor: prof. dr. W.J.M. Heijman Hoogleraar in de Regionale Economie Wageningen Universiteit, Nederland Promotiecommissie: prof. dr. J. Lengkeek, Wageningen Universiteit dr. J.H.L. Oud, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen prof. dr. A.F. Mkenda, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania prof. dr. A. Meister, Massey University, Nieuw Zeeland Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen de onderzoekschool Mansholt Graduate School of Social Sciences Choice of Attractions, Expenditure and Satisfaction of International Tourists to Kenya Pius Ongoro Odunga Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit, Prof.dr.ir. L. Speelman, in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 28 juni 2005 des namiddags te half twee in de Aula ISBN: 90-8504-291-0 Odunga, Pius Choice of Attractions, Expenditure and Satisfaction of International Tourists to Kenya /Pius Odunga PhD-thesis, Wageningen University. – With ref. – With summary in Dutch Acknowledgements I have been supported by many people in my academic life and this has enabled me to come this far. Besides these people, I thank my brains, my thoughts, my hands, and my corporal body for they are always helpful to me. I now have the opportunity to thank some of those people, who have contributed towards this achievement. The research project leading to this thesis was funded by the MHO-TOURISM project (under the auspices of NUFFIC): Strengthening the Teaching and Research Capacity of the Department of Tourism.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Economy Analysis of the Budget Process in Kenya
    Political Economy Analyses of Countries in Eastern and Southern Africa Case Study – Kenya Political Economy Analysis May 2017 Table of contents Abbreviations 5 Executive Summary 9 Introduction 11 1 Politico-economic historical context 13 2 Key actors in advocacy for children 19 3 Structure and actors in the budget process 37 4 Advocacy entry points for resource allocation 51 Conclusion 59 Appendix 1 List of interviewees 61 Appendix 2 List of references 63 3 Abbreviations BAC Budget and Appropriation Committee BPS Budget Policy Statement BROP Budget Review and Outlook Paper CA County Assembly CBEF County Budget and Economic Forum CFSP County Fiscal Strategy Paper CIDP County Integrated Development Plan CORD Coalition for Reforms and Democracy CRA Commission on Revenue Allocation CSO Civil society organisation DP Development Partner EAC East African Community ECDE Early Childhood Development Education ESARO Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office FSA Fiscal space analysis FY Financial year GDP Gross domestic product IBP International Budget Partnership ICT Information and Communication Technology IEA Institute of Economic Affairs IEBC Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission KADU Kenya African Democratic Union KANU Kenya African National Union KEPSA Kenya Private Sector Alliance KIPPRA Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis Ksh Kenyan Shilling MCA Member of County Assembly MOEST Ministry Of Education, Science and Technology MP Member of Parliament MTP Medium Term Plan MoH Ministry of Health NARC National Alliance
    [Show full text]
  • Youth, Peace and Security in Kenya by Olawale Ismail
    Youth, peace and Security in Kenya by Olawale Ismail Youth, Peace and Security in Kenya Revised Draft 12/12/2017 1 Youth, peace and Security in Kenya by Olawale Ismail 1. Introduction Kenya underscores the spirit and letter of UNSC Resolution 2250 in many ways. Over the last decade, Kenya’s political-security volatility has been well documented by extant research and media reports. Incidence of political and election-related violence, radicalization and violent extremism, inter-ethnic and inter-communal clashes, pastoralist violence, and state-led violence dot Kenya’s peace and security landscape in the last 10 years. While most of these peace and security issues predate the last decade, their scale, spread, intensity and impacts are unprecedented. As in similar contexts, much of research and policy attention have focused mostly on the role of young women and men largely as victims and perpetrators of violence, respectively. However, emerging pointers, as encapsulated in UNSCR 2250, signpost the crucial role and contribution of young people to preventing violence, responding to violence and rebuilding peace, and informed contributions to the security and stability of communities, countries and world at large. Kenya is no different; female and male youth on their own and/or in collaboration with other stakeholders, actively contributes to conflict prevention, reconciliation and peacebuilding in Kenya. Accordingly, this report presents an overview of the contemporary peace and security challenges in Kenya, and the responses of young people in the form of their roles and contributions to peacebuilding efforts. This case-study was commissioned by UNFPA and PBSO for the Progress Study on YPS requested by SCR 2250, with funding support from SIDA.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Farming in Kenya
    Digital Farming in Kenya Commissioned by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency WATERWATCH PROJECTS o---- Abbreviations 03 Glossary 04 Executive Summary 05 Chapter 1 Introduction 07 ICT for Agriculture 07 Objective of the study and methodology 09 Structure of the report 10 Chapter 2 An introduction to digital farming 11 ICT and Data 11 ICT and the agricultural sector 12 Data and Services applied in agriculture 15 The market for ICT services in agriculture 22 Dutch ICT for Agriculture companies 25 Financing ICT-Agri companies 25 Data and the Sustainable Development Goals 26 Chapter 3 The agriculture sector in Kenya 29 Importance of the Kenyan agriculture sector 29 Kenyan Farmer Profile 30 Major challenges facing the agriculture sector 31 The use of ICT-solutions in Kenya 33 The use of ICT-solutions in agriculture in Kenya 35 Governmental and business climate on data and ICT in Kenya 38 Dutch ICT for Agriculture companies in Kenya 41 Business opportunities and business models 44 Chapter 4 Key Findings 45 Challenges and opportunities in Kenyan Agriculture 45 Potential use of ICT for Agriculture in Kenya 46 Opportunities for Dutch ICT-Agri companies in Kenya 48 Success criteria for Dutch ICT-Agri companies 49 Dutch Support to ICT for Agriculture initiatives 50 Chapter 5 Recommendations: From Early Stage to Maturity 52 Recommendations for Dutch ICT for Agriculture companies 52 Recommendations for Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands 53 Annexes 56 Literature 63 2 AgTech Agricultural Technology companies AI Artificial Intelligence CSA Climate
    [Show full text]
  • Income from Innovation in Digital Economy: the Use of Wireless Technologies
    ISSN 0798 1015 HOME Revista ÍNDICES / A LOS AUTORES / To the ESPACIOS ! Index ! AUTORS ! Vol. 40 (Number 35) Year 2019. Page 2 Income from innovation in digital economy: the use of wireless technologies Ingresos de la innovación en la economía digital: el uso de las tecnologías inalámbricas SILVANSKIY, Alexander 1; ZOTOV, Vladimir 2; ALEKSANDROVA, Ariadna 3; SHCHERBINA, Tamara 4 & STEPANOVA, Diana 5 Received: 25/06/2019 • Approved: 02/10/2019 • Published 14/10/2019 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results 4. Discussion 5. Conclusion Bibliographic references ABSTRACT: RESUMEN: Nowadays, digital economy is developing globally, Hoy en día, la economía digital se está and even the countries of the third world use desarrollando a nivel mundial, e incluso los países mobile communications and mobile payments. In del tercer mundo utilizan las comunicaciones some aspects developing countries even outpace móviles y los pagos móviles. En algunos aspectos, developed countries due to the introduction of los países en desarrollo incluso superan a los países information technology. The purpose of our desarrollados debido a la introducción de la research is to study the impact of digital economy tecnología de la información. El objetivo de nuestra on the incomes of the subjects involved in the investigación es estudiar el impacto de la economía economic activity. The study is based on the digital en los ingresos de los sujetos involucrados collected data, compilation and processing of a en la actividad económica. El estudio se basa en los sample of 350 enterprises engaged in business in datos recopilados, la compilación y el Nairobi and Kenya.
    [Show full text]
  • © 2009 Dillon Mahoney ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
    © 2009 Dillon Mahoney ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THE ART OF CONNECTION: NEGOTIATING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN KENYA’S CURIO INDUSTRY By DILLON MAHONEY A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Anthropology written under the direction of Angelique Haugerud and approved by _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey May 2009 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION THE ART OF CONNECTION: NEGOTIATING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN KENYA’S CURIO INDUSTRY By DILLON MAHONEY Dissertation Advisor: Angelique Haugerud How does the social and economic context in which new communication technologies are introduced shape the ways small-scale traders understand, gain access to, and use them? How does the digital divide in access to communication technologies reproduce or counter pre-existing inequalities? This dissertation is based on 26 months of participant observation in Kenya since 2001, when I investigated the competition and economic precariousness found among art traders, exporters, and art-producing organizations and cooperatives. In this dissertation I focus on the recent effects of cell phones and the internet. To clarify the contemporary importance of mobile communication technologies for Kenyans working in the shadow of the coastal tourism industry, I discuss the history of social inequality in Mombasa, the consolidation of curio art traders and cooperatives in the port city, and Kenya’s political economy of ICT access. Following the removal of the roadside kiosks housing my initial sample of 2001, I investigated the strategies of small- scale art vendors as they struggled to survive economic change.
    [Show full text]
  • Margarita Dimova Cover Photography © Yasuyoshi Chiba, AFP Chiba, Yasuyoshi © Photography Cover
    Margarita Dimova cover photography © Yasuyoshi Chiba, AFP Chiba, Yasuyoshi © photography cover “Your battles inspired me - not the obvious material battles but those that were fought and won behind your forehead.” ~ James Joyce BULLETS BEYOND BALLOTS Re-Examining the 2007-2008 Post-Election Violence through Longer-Standing Youth Mobilisation Patterns in the Slum Area of Kibera, Nairobi Margarita Dimova Student #3441164 Utrecht University 13 August 2010 A Thesis submitted to the Board of Examiners in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in Conflict Studies and Human Rights Supervisor: Prof. Mario Fumerton Date of Submission: 13 August 2010 Programme trajectory: One Elective – 7.5 ECTS (2000900369 Intensive Programme in Cosmopolitanism and Conflict, Centre for Humanities, Utrecht University) & Research & Thesis Writing – 22.5 ECTS (including two and a half months of fieldwork in Nairobi, Kenya) Word count: 19,696 ABSTRACT Whereas the recent episode of post-election turmoil in Kenya is most commonly framed as politically-mobilised interethnic violence, this thesis seeks to provide an alternative interpretation. By addressing localised processes of violent micro-mobilisation in the Kibera slum of Nairobi, the analysis goes beyond elite-based examinations of political fragmentation and institutional failure. Focusing on longer-standing patterns of everyday street organisation activity reveals the political-criminal violence nexus, as well as the local socio-economic and historical roots of the Kenyan crisis. Both post-election and everyday violence are examined at the grassroots level, as seen by perpetrators or witnesses, with the resulting conclusions based on indigenous conceptualisation. The crux of the argument is that beneath superficial explanations of “tribalism,” the 2007/2008 unrest presents an attempt on the part of Kibera youth to overcome, protest, or navigate multi-level insecurity and persisting social injustices through violence.
    [Show full text]
  • Aiding the Underdevelopment of African Economies Hannah Storey Dickinson College
    Dickinson College Dickinson Scholar Student Scholarship & Creative Works By Year Student Scholarship & Creative Works 2016 Aiding the Underdevelopment of African Economies Hannah Storey Dickinson College Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.dickinson.edu/student_work Part of the African Studies Commons, Growth and Development Commons, International Economics Commons, Political Economy Commons, Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons, and the Regional Economics Commons Recommended Citation Storey, Hannah, "Aiding the Underdevelopment of African Economies" (2016). Student Scholarship & Creative Works By Year. Paper 50. http://scholar.dickinson.edu/student_work/50 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship & Creative Works at Dickinson Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Scholarship & Creative Works By Year by an authorized administrator of Dickinson Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Review of International Studies 2016 Aiding the Underdevelopment of African Economies Hannah Storey Introduction This paper tested competing arguments that foreign aid can substantially aggravate the patterns of underdevelopment in previous British colonies. I followed the Center for Global Development in taking into account Amartya Sen’s understanding of development: “development consists of more than improvements in the well-being of citizens, even broadly defined: it also conveys something about the capacity of economic, political and social systems to provide the circumstances for that well-being on a sustainable, long-term basis” (Barder 2012). Generally in cases of underdevelopment the economic, political, or social system (or a combination of these three) in place is not sustainable and usually short-lived. This study discusses six countries that were under the British Empire: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
    [Show full text]