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Wild Medicinal Plants in the Hill of Manipur, India: a Traditional Therapeutic Potential

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Wild Medicinal Plants in the Hill of Manipur, India: a Traditional Therapeutic Potential International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 6, June 2015 1 ISSN 2250-3153 Wild Medicinal Plants in the Hill of Manipur, India: A traditional therapeutic potential. Th. Inaocha Devi *, Kh. Ujala Devi* and E.J Singh** *Institutional Biotech Hub, Presidency College, Motbung, Senapati District, Manipur,India. ** Department of Botany, D. M .College of Sc. (PG) Imphal, Manipur, India. Abstract- The present study revealed that a total of 100 wild by the herbal or pharmaceutical industry are collected from wild medicinal plants belongs to 41 families had been collected in habitat. Manipur has rich heritage and long history on use of which 63 plants are aromatic and 37 plants are non-aromatic. In medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) as medicine, cosmetics, aromatic, family Zingiberaceae recorded highest plant species health hygiene, toiletries, fragrance and food supplements in (13) whereas in non-aromatic, family Asteraceae shown improving the quality of life. However, increasing demand on maximum plant species (7). Out of the total medicinal plants, plants and human exploitation become a great threatening in their 20% of plants are used for treatment of diabetics, blood pressure indigenous habitation. Medicinal plants in relation to their and piles, 21% for rheumatism and gout, 9% for asthma, 6% for unutilized and conservation resource have been conducted in stone case, 2% for cancer, 16 % for cosmetics(hair lotion) and different parts of the world (Joy et al., 2001); (Lyle, 2007); 26% for others. Some important medicinal plants which are used (Shankar et al., 2010). Many western explorers (Clarke, 1989; by the local peoples are Zingiber cassumunar, Paederia foetida, Kaith, 1936) were attracted by the rich flora of the state. Some of Polygonum perfoliatum, Melothria purpusilla, Clerodendrum the noteworthy account of the floristic study of Manipur had siphonanthes ,Clerodendrum viscosum, Sida rhombifolia, been given out by Mukherjee (1953), Deb (1961 a & b), Jain and Hiptage benghalensis,. Litsea cubeba, Schefflera venulosa, Shukla (1979) and Phukan (1999). Zanthoxylum rhesta, Curcuma amada, Curcuma caesia, In Manipur, medicinal plants are associated with folk Kaempferia rotunda, Hedychium marginatum. However, Litsea traditions and many local physicians ( Maiba or Amaiba) depend cubeba, Curcuma amada, Curcuma caesia, Kaempferia rotunda on the medicinal plants for the treatment of disease . Still, about and Hedychium marginatum are critically endangered. Living in 1200 medicinal plants are used by practitioner in traditional the far interior hill environment where no immediate modern herbal home remedies (Tombiraj 2011). Jain et. al, 2007 also medical facilities depends mainly on plants to cure of all reported that over 90% of villagers consult with traditional diseases. The increase exploitation of various indigenous wild healers before attending healthcare centers. Many workers Jain plants by human activities arise the need for the conservation of et.al, 2007; Singh, 2011; Debala et. al, 2014; Leisangthem and natural bioresources at present for future generation . Sharma, 2014 had studied medicinal plants of Manipur. However, the study of medicinal plants in hill districts is limited. Index Terms- Medicinal plants, Conservation, Endangered, Therefore the present study focus on identification and Sadar hill. conservation of wild medicinal and aromatic plants. I. INTRODUCTION II. METHODOLOGY anipur is widely rich in biodiversity belonging to different The present study was carried out at Sadar hill, Senapati climatic conditions varying from tropical, subtropical, and district, Manipur and it falls at 230 47’ to 250 41’ N Latitude and M 0 0 temperate zones which covers the major occurrence of medicinal 93 61’ to 94 48’ E Longitude at an altitude varying from 1061 plants. Medicine and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) and their m to 1788 m above sea level. The climate of the study site is derivatives are used for prevention as well as curing of human monsoonal. health problems (diseases and disorders) since time immemorial The detailed survey was conducted at different sites from and there is global resurgence now in use of plant based drugs January 2014 to December 2014. Survey is based on information where modern drugs are either unavailable, unaffordable or collected from different persons like elderly men and women, unsatisfactory (Marshall,2011). The medicinal value of the drug herbalists, and traditional healers through discussions concerning plants are due to the presence of specific chemical substances the indigenous or traditional healing technique from medicinal like alkaloids, glucosides, resins, gums, tannins, essential and wild plants. Information and voucher specimens including fatty oils etc. The main constituents of essential oils are mono medicinal uses, procedure, composition, does etc. were recorded and sesquiterpenes including carbohydrates, phenols, aldehydes, following standard field and ethno botanical methods (Jain and alcohols, ether and ketones are responsible both for the fragrance Rao ,1977). Collected specimens were identified with the help of and for the biological activity of aromatic and medicinal plants experts and books such as Sinha, 1996; Singh et al., 2003 and (Kalemba and Kunika,2003). Most of the medicinal plants used Lal and Singh, 2009. www.ijsrp.org International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 6, June 2015 2 ISSN 2250-3153 TABLE 1: Wild medicinal plants A. Aromatic plants Sl. Botanical Name Common Name Family Flowering Parts Medicinal No & Local Name & Fruiting Used Uses . 1 Aquilaria agalocha Eagle-wood & Rutaceae May-Aug Leaves, tonic, carminative and Roxb. Agor wood stimulant 2 Artemisia indica Worm seed & Asteraceae Sept-Feb Whole plant Stomach pain, anti-septic Linn. Laibakngou- nakuppi 3 Artemisia nilagirica Indian worm Asteraceae Oct-Feb Whole plant Tonic, anti-septic ,insect (Clarke) Pamp. wood fleavane & repellant Roxb. Laibakngou 4 Acorus calamus Sweet flag & Araceae Non- Leaves, root, Cough, fever, itching Linn. Oak-hidak flowering rhizome 5 Ageratum Goat weed & Asteraceae Oct-July Leaves Hair care lotion, cough, conyzoides Linn. Khong-jai-napi colic, wound, gastro- intestinal diseases 6 Alpina nigra (Retz.) Shell ginger & Zingiberacea May-July Rhizome, Gout, colicpain, Rosc. Pullei e leaves, rheumatism, sex diseases inflorescenc e 7 Alpina galanga Greater galangal Zingiberacea May-June Rhizome, Gout, colicpain, Wild. & Kanghoo e inflorescenc rheumatism, stimulant, e carminative 8 Amomum dealbatum Bengal Zingiberacea April-Aug Rhizome, High B.P, constipation, Roxb. cardamom & e inflorescenc stomachic, stimulant Namara e 9 Acacia catechu Babul bark & Mimosaceae Oct-Feb Seed, tender, Ringworms, gout, (L.F) Wild Ching-gonglei pod muscular pain, cough, fever, piles, astringent 10 Artocarpus Monkey jack tree Moraceae July-Aug Fruit, leaves Constipation, fever, skin lakoocha Wall. & Hari-kokthong diseases, tonic, heart diseases 11 Aegle marmetos Indian bael & Rutaceae March- Fruit, leaves Diabetes, stomachulcer, (L). Correa Hei-khagok June dyspepsia, dysentery 12 Artabotrys Tai grape & Amonacea April-May Inflorescenc Insect repellent, cholera, hexapetalus (L.F.) Chini-champra e, leaves perfume 13 Ardisia crenata Coralberry & Myrsinaceae March- Leaves Diabetes, urinary Sims. U-thum June disorder, cough, diarrhoea 14 Betula Flame of the Betulaceae March - Bark, small Tonic, astringent cylindrostachys forest & Pareng June branches Gamble 15 Blumeopsis flava Maiden-hair fern Asteraceae Oct-Feb Whole plant Cold, cough, bronchial (D. Don) Merr. & Haochak congestion, skin diseases 16 Clerodendrum Bharmgt & Lamiaceae July-Sept Leaves, Cold, cough, serraturn (L.) Moirang- inflorescenc rheumatism, dyspepsia, Moon. khanambi e root asthma 17 Curcuma amada Mango ginger & Zingiberacea Aug-Sept Rhizome Stomachic, carminative, Rosc. Heinouyai e healing, sprain 18 Cucurma East Indian Zingiberacea April-May Inflorencenc Anti-fungal, anti- angustifolia Rosc. arrow root & e e bacterial, cough, Yaipal diarrhoea 19 Curcuma caesia Black zedoary Zingiberacea Aug-Sept Rhizome Fever, cough, Roxb. &Yaimu e constipation, www.ijsrp.org International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 6, June 2015 3 ISSN 2250-3153 wellurination, sprain 20 Cymbopogan Citronella grass Poaceae Sept-Dec Leaves Throat problem, back – flexuosus &Houna pain, hair care lotion 21 Cynodon dactylon Doob grass Poaceae Non- Leaves Dropsy, piles, throat (L) Pers. &Tingthau flowering problem, wound 22 Cinnamomum Camphor tree Lauraceae April-June Leaves Stimulant, muscular camphora (Linn.) &Karpur strains, rheumatism, Nees and Eberm.) antiseptic, hair care lotion 23 Carnarium East Indian Bromeliacea May – Leaves, bark chronic dysentery bengalensis Roxb. Copal & Mekruk e July, Nov– Jan. 24 Cinnamomum Bayleaf&Tezpat Lauraceae. Feb. – Leaves Cold, cough, toothache, tamala(Linn.) Nees a Mar, June liver problem, urinary and Eberm. – Oct. problem 25 Cinnamomum Cinnamon & Lauraceae March- Bark dyspepsia, cold zeylanicum Breyn. U-shingsha Apr, vomiting, astringent June – carminative. cough. Aug. 26 Citrus ganrhhini Citron & Hei- Rutaceae March- Fruit Flavouring confectionary Lush. jang June 27 Citrus laltipes DC. Khasipapeda & (Rutaceae March- Fruit Anti-dandruff, good Hei-ribob Sept Nov. complexion, stone case 28 Citrus maxima Nobaab Rutaceae Feb-May Fruit Cold, influenza, intestinal worm 29 Costus Speciosus Male bamboo & Zingiberacea May-July Root Astringent, purgative,
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