The and Visual Culture

Edited by Elizabeth Lapina University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA April Jehan Morris Hood College, USA Susanna A. Throop Ursinus College, USA and Laura J. Whatley Auburn University at Montgomery, USA

ASHGATE Contents

List of Illustrations vii About the Editors xi About the Contributors xiii

Introduction 1 Elizabeth Lapina, April Jehan Morris, Susanna A. Throop, and Laura ]. Whatley

1 The Frankish Icon: Art and Devotion in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem 15 Lisa Mahoney

2 The Role and Meanings of the Image of St. Peter in the Crusader Sculpture of Nazareth: A New Reading 35 Gil Fishhof

3 The Vision of the Cross and the Crusades in England before 1189 57 John Munns

4 A Constellation of Crusade: The Resafa Heraldry Cup and the Aspirations of Raoul I, Lord of Coucy 75 Richard A. Leson

5 Pictorial and Sculptural Commemoration of Returning or Departing Crusaders 91 Nurith Kenaan-Kedar

6 "If I forget you, O Jerusalem ..King Philip the Fair, Saint George, and Crusade 105 Esther Dehoux

7 The Crusaders' Holy Land in Maps 117 P.D.A. Harvey vi THE CRUSADES AND VISUAL CULTURE

8 The Crusader Loss of Jerusalem in the Eyes of a Thirteenth- Century Virtual Pilgrim 131 Cathleen A. Fleck

9 Looking Back: The Westminster , the Added Drawings, and the Idea of "Retrospective Crusade" 157 Debra Higgs Strickland

10 The Visual Vernacular: Illustrating Jean de Vignay's "Crusade" Translations 185 Maureen Quigley

11 Crusading Responses to the Turkish Threat in Visual Culture, 1453-1519 201 Norman Housley

12 Reframing the Crusade in the Piccolomini Library: Pinturicchio's "Standing Turk" in Siena Cathedral, 1502-1508 223 Nora S. Lambert

Select Bibliography of Secondary Literature 241 Index 249 List of Illustrations

1 The Prankish Icon: Art and Devotion 2 The Role and Meanings of the Image in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem of St. Peter in the Crusader Sculpture of Nazareth: A New Reading 1.1 Icon with Saints Theodore and Demetrios, 23.7 * 16.1 cm, Latin 2.1 Church of the , Kingdom of Jerusalem, c. 1250 Nazareth, Capital of St. Peter, mid- to (Monastery of St. Catherine, Sinai, App. late-twelfth century, courtesy of the No. 40/386). Courtesy of the Michigan- Studium Biblicum Franciscanum. Princeton-Alexandria Expeditions to Courtesy of G. Fishhof. Mount Sinai. 2.2 Church of the Annunciation, Nazareth, Trumeau statue of St. Peter 1.2 Icon with Saints Paul, James holding the keys and the model of the the Greater, and Stephen (top) and church, mid- to late twelfth century, Lawrence, Martin, and Leonard courtesy of the Studium Biblicum (bottom), 33.3 x 23.7 cm, Latin Kingdom Franciscanum. Courtesy of G. Fishhof. of Jerusalem, before 1187 (Monastery of St. Catherine, Sinai, App. No. 39/383). 2.3 Church of Notre-Dame, Avenas, Courtesy of the Michigan-Princeton- southern face of altar, King Louis the Alexandria Expeditions to Mount Sinai. Pious presenting a model of the church to St. Vincent, late eleventh or early 1.3 Map of Frankish Jerusalem, 1170 twelfth century. Courtesy of G. Fishhof. (The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, MS 76 F5). The Hague, Koninklijke 2.4 St-Nazaire at Autun, pilaster Bibliotheek. probably representing St. Peter holding the model of the church, circa 1140-60, 1.4 Column painting of the Virgin now in the Musee Rolin, Autun (M.L. Glykophilousa (with donors), Church 1291), courtesy of the Musee Rolin. of the Nativity, Bethlehem, 1130. After Courtesy of S. Prost. Gustav Kuhnel, Wall Painting in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (Berlin: Gebr. Mann 3 The Vision of the Cross and the Verlag, 1988), pi. 1II/4. Crusades in England before 1189

1.5 Column painting of St. Fusca, 3.1 Tympanum above the south door of Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, St. George's Church, Fordington, Dorset, twelfth century. After Kuhnel, Wall early twelfth century.