DOCSLIB.ORG

11312 Khita and Khita-Peruvian Epoch

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
11312 Khita and Khita-Peruvian Epoch 113 12 KHITA AND KHITA- PERUVIAN EPOCH K HI TA HA MA T H H I TT I T E C A NAA N I T E , , , , V E N ET RU S CA N P ERU I A N M X I CA ETC . , , , H Y D E C L A R K E Vice-P resident of tlze A n t/tropo logical Institute H o no rary M ember of tlze A nt/t ro o lo ical Ins i u e N ew Yo rk Co rres o ndin M ember Etlmo ra hic S ocie p g t t t , ; p g of g p ty P aris A merican Orien al S ociet S ocie e des A mericaniste: M ember /he of , t y, t oft S ocie Co ns an ino le Fello w o tlie Ro al S ocie o N o r hern ty, t t p f y ty f t Co rrespo nding M ember oftine S o cie ty ofEngineers of - Viemca Vice P residen Me S o cie o A rts etc. t of ty f , L O N D O N D E . TR BNER CO . AN U EC U , 5 7 59 L DGAT H ILL, 18 77 . E P R E F A C . I THE following pages consist chiefly of a memoir re ad before h l o f t e Roya Historical Society, for the purpose giving a o f o n fo r brie f sketch the work carried by myself and others, f o f e e e the investigation o a great epoch culture, which pr c d d the the Assyrian , the Semitic , and Greek, and which, accord in to e g my views, extended to America, and closed the p riod the N e w o fancient intercourse between Old World and the . f This essay will be found very imperfect and ragmentary, o f for it cannot deal with the whole a subject so wide, and it o n o f cannot give exact information new and obscure epochs, which little is known, to which investigation is newly directed , and where the results present but a small relation to what remains to be discovered . Indeed, my chief object is to direct o f to s the attention scholars as much as of the public, the e fields of research . a all o f It will be noticed th t kinds names have been used , r shifted , and changed, and this must necessa ily be the case ne fo r what is w and undeterminate . Akkad and Sumerian are e as yet conflicting t rms, and some most distinguished S emitic scholars deny that there is any Akkad language of a Turan f as ian class . Shi ting my ground circumstances suggest and e I e p rmit , have adopted the t rm Khita, from Dr Birch, but I give it a much wider application . ee o f - Ind d , the topics these pages constitute the battle fields o f s I x scholars , Akkad, Etru can , Hamath , etc . have e tended the ground of controversy by bringing America into connection h the a e s If wit cl ssic r gion . , however, so much controversy iff e e o f i and so much d er nc op nion exist, nevertheless the e s are rea solid r sult g t. The discovery and determination o f a s e an era s Akk d con titut in cholarship. The explorations of Dr Schliemann in the Troad and Mycenae yield us material f. The e e o f Deec ke proo s n w st researches Dr of Strasburg, as to the d erivation o fthe Cypriote and Phoenician characters f the s a f o f n rom As yri n cunei orm , give us facts importa ce, and, as in all s ase new fo r uch c s, means further inquiries. It is such progress which encourages us to persevere in the de c i herme nt o fE sca p tru n , Hamath , and Maya. vi PREFACE. e h o ne My own part in th se labours, althoug a busy , has e has o f x e e b en humble ; it been the task an e plor r, laying op n fo r e I ground oth rs . Although have laboured hard on many I fto the e e points, yet if had limited mysel complet lucidation o f o ne e any , th re would have been no one to carry out my o f e e work a general exploration . In this course th re is ampl e e e e the e e o f encourag ment to p rs vere, becaus d tail d labours e D eecke h e others, as those of Dr Schli mann and Dr , av con e firmed my preliminary investigations . Thus encourag ment me e e o f is given to persev re in thos portions the inquiry, the the o f more particularly the American, in which sanction scholars has not yet been accorded to me . o f e e Much of what is here given has, course, be n print d by e e e me before, because the subj ect is progr ssiv , and b cause it is f e e only in this way in ormation can be accumulated . Th r is, n e o f nevertheless, eve in the books and pap rs, portions which e e e ef the are here r p at d , much us ul to inquirers, for tracing e e o f o f d v lopment the study, and the names are given some few of my memoirs o n the subject m E esus. S a ph ( yrn , A r - - B As a S c et ss o Pseu eso st s. en a t y do S ri ( g l i ic o i y, ’ I h A a M r E h a S et s al n ab tants o f s . t i i ino ( nologic l oci y Journ , 7th March — ’ Pr t Ethn C n t o n o fAs a M n etc . Eth a So et s o o ic o di i i i or, ( nologic l ci y o ur al N vember J n , o O n the Prehisto ric and Pro to -historic Relations o f the Populations fAs a n Eur o i a d ope. h a est ne Ex o rat o n o Note o n t e Hamath Inscriptio ns. (P l i pl i J ur nal , R n a es ne Ex o rat n u a . elations o fCanaanite Exploratio . (P l ti pl io Jo rn l ) P re-Israe te P u a i f Pa est ne Pa est ne Ex o rat o n o ur li op l t ons o l i . ( l i pl i J n l a , m Br ann c fAn ua es On the na e t a. So et o t i i ( i y iq ri , Resear hes Pa est ne and Pr t —h st C m arat ve Ph o c in l i , o o i oric o p i il logy, M th o and Ar ae . Triibner y ol gy, ch ology ( , itbner P e to Names o fW a ns. Tr r his ric e po ( , S va and Ser ent-W sh in As a Afr a and Amerca and the i p or ip i , ic , i , Br L n ua Trii n r b a e. b e i ri g g ( , YD CL RKE H E A . RE LON DON W 2 ST EO RG E S UA S . 3 G Q , , ‘ une 18 . _7 77 C O N T E N T S . n o f anaan Ham av lah C h Origi C , , H i , us , sto o f tt te Hi ry Hi i s, amath o r Kh ta n c t o n H i I s rip i s, C o m a o n with m ar t 8 C o te Wa a l anian l p ris Hi y i ic, ; ypri , 9 ; rk , A b , o ; t an 1 I L an 12 e ew 1 E rusc , iby , ; H br , 4, — Origin o f the Alphabet and Syllabary Square Magic Prehisto ric S m o l 16 y b s, , anaan te o lat o n— o h and at o n o f— Per C i P pu i Ep c Migr i u, a Lan a e—Su er an— eo ian 2 0 2 Akk d gu g m i G rg , , 3, t can— a le o f tr an eo an er ian E rus T b s E usc , G rgi , P uv , eo r an Relat o n o f— h a 2 G gi , i s Quic u , 4, e at e Serie — Red Eve 2 6 N g iv s , , , Kh ta- e an rat o n— n o - h na— Cam o a— n a i P ruvi Mig i I d C i b di I di , — — — Afiinities o f mer an ramma ma a h a Otho mi 2 — Mex A ic G r Ay r Quic u , 3 ico , — o n ments and lt re in Old and N ew Wo l alen a M u Cu u r d C d r, 35 , — To po graphical No menclature Examinatio n o f Table o f To wn Names o f anaan a no eece tal and S a n C , Asi Mi r, Gr , I y, p i , wn ame in me a— at o n 6 a t o n o f n ient Co nn t To N s A ric Migr i , 7 Tr di i s A c ec io n w th mer a 6 i A ic , 9, 66 E X I AP P N DI .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "On the Relations of Canaanite Exploration to Pre-Historic Classic
    176 ON THE RELATIONS OF CANAANITE EXPLORATION These inecriptions, and the bas-reliefs on the monument called Kamna Hurmill, in Crelo-Syria, near the source of the Orontes, and possibly of the same pe1·iod, are an enigma, as yet, to the most learned Orientaliots. It is to be hoped, however, now that attention is again called to the subject, that the clue may be found that shall unlock their meaning, and that Northern 8yI"ia will be no longer overlooked by tho explorer. DISCOVERY AT THE l\IOSQUE EL AKS.A, JERUSALEM.-llo A DISCOVERY of considerable interest has been made in this :Mosque by the Rev. J. Neil, who has only recently gone to Jerusalem for the Society for the Conversion of the Jews. "In the Mosque of El Aksa," he writes, "you will remember that there is a long plain room opening out at the south-east angle, called the Mosque of Omar, in which the only object of interest whatever is a recess supported by two twisted pillars, and called the Mihrab, or Praying-place of Omar. You may, perhaps, remember that the pillars on each side of this recess, of Solomonic twisted pattern and polished marble, appear to have been turned upside down, and to have their capitals of greyish stone in broken leaf-like patterns below. On vi~iting this the day before yesterday, July 5th, I discovered that a great part of the yellowish plaster had been removed from the top of these pillars, and that rich grotesquely carved capitals were exposed to view in an admirable state of preserva­ tion.
    [Show full text]
  • Disentangling Word Stress and Phrasal Prosody: Evidence from Georgian
    Disentangling word stress and phrasal prosody: evidence from Georgian Lena Borise Abstract This paper investigates the interaction of word stress and phrasal prosody in Georgian (Kartvelian). Based on novel experimental evidence, I show that the two prosodic phenomena, word stress and phrasal prosodic targets, differ both in their location and acoustic means that their expression relies on. By establishing this, I illustrate the workings of the two separate prosodic modules, which have been lumped together in the literature, leading to contradictory descriptions of Georgian prosody. The results provide evidence in favor of fixed initial stress, cued by greater duration of the stressed syllable, as compared to subsequent ones. They also attest to the presence of a phrasal intonational F0 target on the penultimate syllable. Furthermore, I show that hexasyllabic words, in contrast to shorter ones, exhibit durational ‘rhythmicity’, with longer and shorter syllables alternating; this independent process, accordingly, obscures the prominence of word stress in such words. These results help account for the facts related to word stress, phrasal intonation, and their interplay in Georgian, the object of numerous debates in the literature. They also demonstrate that the effects of word-level and phrase-level prosody can be successfully teased apart, even in a language in which their interaction is rather complex. Key words: Georgian, word stress, phrase accent, F0 targets, phrasal prosody *** Introduction There are numerous languages in which word stress facts, and particularly the interaction of word stress with phrasal intonation and/or information structure, have not been settled and raise a number of questions. Does a language have word stress? What acoustic parameter 1 (syllable/vowel duration, F0, intensity) does its realization chiefly rely upon? How does its realization interact with the expression of phrasal intonation? Such questions abound in languages understudied from the point of view of their phonological and prosodic properties.
    [Show full text]
  • The Empires of the Bible from the Confusion of Tongues to the Babylonian Captivity
    The Empires of the Bible from the Confusion of Tongues to the Babylonian Captivity Alonzo T. Jones 1904 Copyright © 2015, Ellen G. White Estate, Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS iii..................................................................................................................... PREFACE (1897 edition) iv................................................................................................................ INTRODUCTION v.................................................................................................................................. THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE BIBLE vi....................................................................................... THE ORIGINAL AND ULTIMATE GOVERNMENT viii........................................................ THE ORIGIN OF EVIL x.................................................................................................................. THE TWO WAYS xiii........................................................................................................................ ORIGIN OF MONARCHY xv.......................................................................................................... ORIGIN OF THE STATE AND EMPIRE xvii............................................................................ EMPIRE IN UNDISPUTED SWAY xviii..................................................................................... INTRODUCTION xx......................................................................................................................... ECCLESIASTICAL
    [Show full text]
  • Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
    Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide
    [Show full text]
  • Expression of the Perfect Semantics in Georgian Verbs1
    Journal of Literature and Art Studies, December 2019, Vol. 9, No. 12, 1266-1268 doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2019.12.006 D DAVID PUBLISHING Expression of the Perfect Semantics in Georgian Verbs1 Nino Bagration-Davitashvili Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia In Georgian the verbal form comprises the names expressing the subjective-objective references of certain quantity, which shows the representing signs to express the category of the subjective and objective person. However, sometimes the subjective person is expressed by the sign of the objective person or vice versa, which is called inversion in Georgian language. There are many options about the reason of inversion. Bipersonal static verbs are considered as the oldest verbs as believed by many scientists. These are the verbs of feeling and owning; they are inverse, bipersonal and hold the dative construction. We think that inversion cannot be only explained with the static character. There are the verbs, which are not static but are inverse. We believe that it must be one and the same aspect in every case: perfect semantics. In Indo-European languages, the verbs of the perfect semantics have been converted from the class of the lexical words into the grammar perfect. When the Georgian language encountered the need to express the perfect forms respective to Indo-European languages, thus, the third series has been generated and it used the form as the model, belonging to the verbs of bipersonal non-transitional “perfect semantics” in present. This form has been supplemented by preverb and has become dynamic and gradually acquired various semantic nuances characterizing the perfect tense: resultativity, will, evidentiality, interrogative and negative, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Syntactic Operations and Spellout of Nominals
    http://elr.sciedupress.com English Linguistics Research Vol. 5, No. 4; 2016 Post-syntactic Operations and Spellout of Nominals Leila Lomashvili1, Ph.D 1 Assistant Professor of Linguistics, Department of English & Humanities, Shawnee State University, Portsmouth, OH 45662, USA Correspondence: Leila Lomashvili, Ph.D, Assistant Professor of Linguistics, Department of English & Humanities, Shawnee State University, Portsmouth, OH 45662, USA Received: November 26, 2015 Accepted: December 18, 2016 Online Published: December 20, 2016 doi:10.5430/elr.v5n4p65 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v5n4p65 Abstract The paper investigates the derivational mechanism of complex nominal expressions in Georgian, a language of Kartvelian (South Caucasian) family. It argues that these structures are derived through syntactic Head-to-head movement as well as post-syntactic operations like Fusion and Merger Under Adjacency which apply after syntactic computation of these structures is completed. By applying three basic word building mechanisms along with the morpheme specific information to be either prefix or suffix, the paper accounts for an array of Mirror Principle violating morpheme orders in the final form of these expressions. Keywords: Head-to-Head Movement, Merger Under Adjacency, Fusion, PF 1. Introduction Nominalizations in various languages may sometimes include a substantial verbal functional layer which may not be limited to Tense, Voice, Aspect, little v0 head, and etc. This is what is present in Georgian nominals and the derivation of these nominals in the light of Distributed Morphology (DM, Halle and Marantz 1993, 1994) is the main topic of this paper. In the syntactico-centric approach like DM where word-building is considered to be the output of syntactic computation, the Mirror Principle (Baker 1985) is expected to hold quite generally assuming the morpheme order to follow the hierarchy of syntactic projections by and large.
    [Show full text]
  • Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments
    [Frontz'spz'ece. Monument of a Hittite king, accompanied by an inscription in Hittite hieroglyphics, discovered on the site of Carchemish and now in the British Museum. Ely-{Baths of mm iitnnmlzhg: I I FRESH LIGHT EROM IHE ANCIENT MONUMENTS A SKETCH OF THE MOST STRIKING CONFIRMATIONS OF THE BIBLE FROM RECENT DISCOVERIES IN EGYPT PALESTINE ASSYRIA BABYLONIA ASIA MINOR BY A. H. EAYCE M.A. Depu/y Professor of Comparative Phi/01057 Oxfiv'd [1012. LLD. Dufilin SEVENTH EDITION THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY 56 PATERNOSTER Row 65 ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD {87,2 THE PENNSYLVANIA sun UNIVERSITY LIBRARY PREFACE. THE object of this little book is explained by its title. Discovery after discovery has been pouring in upon us from Oriental lands, and the accounts given only ten years ago of the results of Oriental research are already beginning to be antiquated. It is useful, therefore, to take stock of our present knowledge, and to see how far it bears out that ‘ old story’ which has been familiar to us from our childhood. The same spirit of scepticism which had rejected the early legends of Greece and Rome had laid its hands also on the Old Testament, and had determined that the sacred histories themselves were but a collection of myths and fables. But suddenly, as with the wand of a magician, the ancient Eastern world has been reawakened to life by the spade of the explorer and the patient skill of the decipherer, and we now find ourselves in the presence of monuments which bear the names or recount the deeds of the heroes of Scripture.
    [Show full text]
  • Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments by Archibald Henry Sayce
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments by Archibald Henry Sayce This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments Author: Archibald Henry Sayce Release Date: June 18, 2010 [Ebook 32883] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FRESH LIGHT FROM THE ANCIENT MONUMENTS*** Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments A Sketch of the Most Striking Confirmations of the Bible, From Recent Discoveries in: Egypt. Palestine. Assyria. Babylonia. Asia Minor. by Archibald Henry Sayce, M.A. Deputy Professor of Comparative Philology, Oxford. Hon. LL.D., Dublin. Second Edition. London: The Religious Tract Society. 36, Paternoster Row; 65, St. Paul's Churchyard. 1884 Contents Preface. .2 Chapter I. Introduction. .6 Chapter II. The Book of Genesis. 14 Chapter III. The Exodus out of Egypt. 48 Chapter IV. The Moabite Stone and the Inscription of Siloam. 61 Chapter V. The Empire of the Hittites. 76 Chapter VI. The Assyrian Invasions. 83 Chapter VII. Nebuchadrezzar and Cyrus. 113 Appendix I. 137 Appendix II. 144 Index. 146 Footnotes . 155 [001] Preface. Monument of a Hittite king, accompanied by an inscription in Hittite hieroglyphics, discovered on the site of Carchemish and now in the British Museum. The object of this little book is explained by its title. Discovery after discovery has been pouring in upon us from Oriental lands, and the accounts given only ten years ago of the results of Oriental research are already beginning to be antiquated.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of Extinct Civilizations of the East —
    (Civilizations Hv LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE THE STORY OF EXTINCT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE EAST — "... A noble end it is to inquire into the remains of long-departed races, and to inquire, not by theory and conjecture, but by an examination of actual facts." Prof. Mahaffy, D.D. " He says it is part of his creed that history is poetry could we tell it aright." Emerson, speaking of Cavh.y'l^. /iltSi THE MOABITE STONE (see pp. 22, 2;,) THE STORY OF Extinct Civilizations of the east BY ROBERT E. ANDERSON, M.A., F.A.S. " Author of'''' Early England," The Stuart Period," &'c. Contributor to Chambers s EncycloJ>cedia, Encyclopedia Britannica, Diet, Nat. Biography., &=€, WITH MAPS ETC. LONDON : GEORGE NEWNES, LTD. SOUTHAMPTON STREET, STRAND 1901 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 9 I. Origin and Races of Mankind 13 II, Chaldea and Babylonia . 24 III. Ancient Egypt 49 IV. HiTTITES, PhCENICIANS, AND HEBREWS 71 V. The Arab ...... "5 VI. Iran, or Ancient Persia 147 MAPS, Etc. The Moabite Stone . , . Frontispiece PAGE Hieroglyph lo and 63 Cuneiform Inscription 28 Maps—Egypt 48 Khita 72 Spain 116 Iran or Ancient Persia . .148 EXTINCT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE EAST INTRODUCTION. In the present century two events, which at the time seemed unimportant, have vastly increased our knowledge regarding several very early king- doms and empires which, to the ancient and mediaeval historians, were known only by name. In 1802, the Rosetta Stone was brought to England, and presented by George III. to the British Museum. Only a rude block of black basalt, though called " a priceless jewel " by the archseologists, it bears an inscription in three languages ; and as soon as one of these, written in " hieroglyphs," was, by means of the other two, interpreted by Young and Champollion, a key was put in our hands to open the sealed book of Egypt's mighty past by reading the records on her numberless monuments.
    [Show full text]
  • And Eastern Monophysitism
    Athens Journal of History - Volume 1, Issue 4 – Pages 267-288 The Political and Social Conflict between Orthodox Christianity (Constantinople and Rome) and Eastern Monophysitism By Jayoung Che The 4th Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon (431) denounced Eutychianism/Monophysitism as a heresy. Rushdoony suggested that the Chalcedonian formula made Western liberty possible because the unity and particularity (or individuality) firmly grounded in the triune God freed man from the oppression of the state. In my opinion, however, even the triune God does not always refer to everybody’s liberty, but could degenerate into an instrument protecting the privileged. The so called universalism exploited by some Byzantine emperors or most senatorial aristocrats refers to the enforcement of the religious dogma; the former preferred Monophysitism for consolidating autocratic imperial power, and the latter the Chalcedonian formula for securing their liberty against the emperors’ despotism. Enforcing whichever kind of religious dogma denotes the degeneration of the Byzantine Society towards an exclusive, privileged society. Contrary to religious exclusivism, there was a type of Christianity which was more universal and open- minded, not only towards heretics but even to the pagans. Introduction As Constantine the Great promulgated the Edict of Milan (313 AD), the Hellenic-Roman traditions and the various sects of Christianity began to co- exist legally. Actually, however, the universalism of Christianity allowed it to open its mind towards the so called pagans
    [Show full text]
  • Evolución De La Presencia Guti En Mesopotamia Y Su Papel En El Colapso Del Imperio Acadio
    EVOLUCIÓN DE LA PRESENCIA GUTI EN MESOPOTAMIA Y SU PAPEL EN EL COLAPSO DEL IMPERIO ACADIO Elena Torres (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) RESUMEN La presencia de población guti en Mesopotamia se ha interpretado tradicionalmente como producto de la irrupción brusca de este pueblo de los Zagros en la Mesopotamia de finales del Imperio acadio. Los testimonios de que disponemos son escasos y oscuros, indirectos en su mayoría. Nos permiten vislumbrar sin embargo que Gutium está presente en la zona desde mucho antes, y su relación con la cultura mesopotámica adopta diferentes roles en distintos momentos: como frontera oriental en las vías de comercio a larga distancia en época sumeria, como tributarios del Imperio sargónida y finalmente como el grupo de población que aprovecha una coyuntura de vacío de poder al final del período acadio para hacerse con el control efímero de una pequeña parte del territorio que antes había conformado el gran Imperio acadio. ABSTRACT The presence of Gutian population in Mesopotamia has been traditionally interpreted as a consequence of the irruption of this people from the Zagros into the Mesopotamia of the late Akkadian empire. The statements we have are scant and dubious, mainly indirect. They let us nevertheless discern that Gutium is present on the zone from much before, and its relationships with Mesopotamian culture adopt different rolls in different moments: as an eastern border in the long distance merchandising routes at Sumerian time, as tributary land of the Sargonid empire, and finally as a group of population that takes advantage of the power vacuum at the end of the Akkadian period to obtain an ephemeral control of a small part of the territory that had once constituted the great Akkadian empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Flore De Guinée: Appellations Vernaculaires Et Usages Traditionnels De Quelques Plantes
    FLORE DE GUINÉE: APPELLATIONS VERNACULAIRES ET USAGES TRADITIONNELS DE QUELQUES PLANTES Par: Marc CARRIÈRE (Avril 2000). AVANT-PROPOS "Lorsqu'on amena Fatima chez le vieux Oumar, sa blessure était déjà sérieusement infectée. Même les Blancs, au dispensaire de Labé, ne parvenait qu'une fois sur dix à sauver les malheureux mordus par le serpent vert. Oumar déploya difficilement son corps décharné; pendant soixante ans, il avait parcouru la montagne et en connaissait tous les secrets. Au crépuscule de sa vie, un étrange sentiment de confusion l'envahissait. Il savait qu'il allait sauver la fille, car il connaissait le remède et l'avait employé de nombreuses fois avec succès. Mais qui d'autre dans le village le connaissait? Et dans la montagne? Depuis bien longtemps, aucun jeune ne s'était présenté, et il avait perdu espoir de transmettre un jour son savoir..." Toute ressemblance avec des personnages ayant existé révélerait une étroite coïncidence entre une pure fiction, et une dure réalité, celle de la perte irrémédiable d'un savoir ancestral. Cette connaissance empirique du monde qui nous entoure représente un nombre incalculable d'heures d'observation et d'expérimentation. Dans le cas particulier du monde végétal, elle constitue un patrimoine, laborieusement acquis au prix "d'essais et d'erreurs", qu'il convient d'étudier et de préserver, avant qu'il ne soit trop tard. Loin de remplir totalement ces exigences, l'ouvrage qui est présenté ici tente de fournir quelques éléments synthétiques sur le thème des appellations vernaculaires des plantes de Guinée, et sur leurs diverses utilisations. De nombreuses personnes ont participé à sa réalisation, et il m'est agréable de les remercier ici, en particulier: Monsieur J.P.
    [Show full text]