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İmtiyaz Sahibi / Publisher • Yaşar Hız Genel Yayın Yönetmeni / Editor in Chief • Eda Altunel Kapak & İç Tasarım / Cover & Interior D esign • Gece Kitaplığı Editör / Edıtor • Prof. Dr. Cem Evereklioğlu Birinci Basım / First Edition • © Aralık 2020 ISBN • 978-625-7319-07-2 © copyright Bu kitabın yayın hakkı Gece Kitaplığı’na aittir. Kaynak gösterilmeden alıntı yapılamaz, izin almadan hiçbir yolla çoğaltılamaz. The right to publish this book belongs to Gece Kitaplığı. Citation can not be shown without the source, reproduced in any way without permission. Gece Kitaplığı / Gece Publishing Türkiye Adres / Turkey Address: Kızılay Mah. Fevzi Çakmak 1. Sokak Ümit Apt. No: 22/A Çankaya / Ankara / TR Telefon / Phone: +90 312 384 80 40 web: www.gecekitapligi.com e-mail: [email protected] Baskı & Cilt / Printing & Volume Sertifika / Certificate No: 47083 Theory and Research in Health Sciences II Volume 1 EDITOR Prof. Dr. Cem Evereklioğlu1 1 Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Ophthalmology, Kayseri, Turkey E-mail: [email protected] İÇİNDEKİLER CHAPTER 1 KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF THE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVICES STUDENTS ON HEAVY METAL AND RADIATION POLLUTION Nurhan GÜMRÜKÇÜOĞLU & Didem SARIMEHMET ......................... 1 CHAPTER 2 MOLECULAR DOCKING OF SMALL MOLECULES Faika BAŞOĞLU .................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 3 INDOOR AIR QUALITY IN UNIVERSITY CLASSROOMS AND ITS EFFECTS ON STUDENTS: THE CASE OF ARTVİN CORUH UNIVERSITY Serden BAŞAK & Selver Suna BAŞAK& Kazım Onur DEMIRARASLAN .............................................................................35 CHAPTER 4 TRADITIONAL USES OF POTENTILLA L. (ROSACEAE) SPECIES Selen İLGÜN & Gökçe ŞEKER KARATOPRAK .................................. 55 CHAPTER 5 PHYTOCOSMETICS AND NANO CARRIERS USED Mı̇ lazı̇ YAVUZ, Hülya ÇELİK.................................................................. 73 CHAPTER 6 THORACIC TRAUMAS Levent Şahin ............................................................................................ 95 CHAPTER 7 SHOULDER REGION TRAUMAS Ali GÜR ................................................................................................. 119 CHAPTER 8 OPHTHALMIC OPTICS LENSES, FITTING APPLICATIONS AND DISPENSING OPTICAL PRESCRIPTION: A REVIEW OF OPTICIANRY Tuba Özdemir Öge ................................................................................. 143 CHAPTER 9 HEAD TRAUMA Taner GUVEN ...................................................................................... 167 CHAPTER 10 ABDOMINAL TRAUMAS Erdal TEKİN & Mustafa BAYRAKTAR............................................... 187 CHAPTER 11 HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGHIC ANALYSIS OF ORLISTAT AND SIBUTRAMINE USED IN OBESITY TREATMENT Melike GÜRCAN & Nur KAPLAN MEŞHUR & Sedat SEL & Serap SAĞLIK ASLAN ....................................................................... 211 CHAPTER 12 ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF GASTROINTESTINAL EMERGENCIES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS Edis Çolak .............................................................................................. 231 CHAPTER 13 PERCUTANEOUS APPROACH TECHNIQUES FOR THE PATIENTS WITH THORACOLUMBAR VERTEBRAL FRACTURE IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC Gökhan GÜRKAN ................................................................................. 251 CHAPTER 14 ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL RECORDING METHODS AND CONDUCTION MEASUREMENTS FROM PERIPHERAL NERVES IN VITRO Seçkin TUNCER .................................................................................... 269 CHAPTER 15 EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF OZONE THERAPY ON VARIOUS ORGANS AND SYSTEMS - PART 2 Nazlı Sena ŞEKER ................................................................................ 289 CHAPTER 16 MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AND SURFACE MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES OF DENTAL IMPLANTS Mehmet Emre Yurttutan ......................................................................... 303 CHAPTER 17 EMBRYONIC MORTALITY IN DAIRY COW Kudret YENİLMEZ & Halef DOĞAN .................................................. 321 CHAPTER 18 EFFECTIVE FACTORS IN THE CLINICAL ASSESMENT AND BIOANALYSIS OF BIOTHERAPEUTICS Habı̇ be YILMAZ .................................................................................... 337 CHAPTER 19 A JOURNEY FROM PAST TO PRESENT ABOUT HAND HYGIENE Yeter AKKAYA & Dilek ÖZTAŞ & Ergün ERASLAN ....................... 357 CHAPTER 20 IS BLACK MULBERRY SYRUP EFFECTIVE IN THE PREVENTION OF ORAL MUCOSITIS IN CANCER PATIENTS? Ebru BAYSAL & Gül Güneş AKTAN .................................................. 373 Chapter 1 KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF THE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVICES STUDENTS ON HEAVY METAL AND RADIATION POLLUTION Nurhan GÜMRÜKÇÜOĞLU1 Didem SARIMEHMET2 1 Prof. Dr. Vocational School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, [email protected] 2 Ögr. Gör. Vocational School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, [email protected] 2 . Nurhan Gümrükçüoğlu, Didem Sarımehmet Theory and Research in Health Sciences II .3 1. Introduction Environmental pollution, which is one of the most important problems in today’s world, threatens human health and the future of nature. Especially with the developing technology, questions are increasing on heavy metal and radiation pollution, which are known as types of environmental pollution. Humans are constantly exposed to natural radiation, radiated from the sun and space (in the earth’s crust, structures, food and drinking water), naturally occurring radioactive materials. There are radioactive gases in the air we breathe. Our body itself is also radioactive. However, apart from natural radiation sources, people are also exposed to rays with their own radiation sources (1). Although nuclear power plants, known as radiation sources, are one of the most discussed topics in the public, approximately 17% of the electricity production in the world is provided by nuclear power plants. This rate rises above 30% in the European Union and 78.2% in France. The most important drawback that can be attributed to nuclear energy in terms of environmental pollution is the problem of radioactive wastes (2). Heavy metals are metals found in a certain dose in the human body. However, when their concentrations exceed a certain value, it has a toxic effect. Especially motor vehicles, inorganic fertilizers, factory wastes can cause an increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the air, soil and water and thus to enter the body (3). The most dangerous aspect of heavy metals that enter the soil structure is that they join the plant structure and pass on to other living things through the food chain. In addition, heavy metals that become free ions infiltrate the groundwater and mix into drinking water, and thus degrades the water quality. Apart from this, they affect their activities negatively by damaging soil creatures. 1.1. The Aim and Importance of The Research Heavy metal pollution and radiation pollution are perhaps the most important pollution types today. Thermal power plants, which are quite high in our country, cause great damage to our environment both with solid heavy metals and gaseous heavy metals. Leaving the residues of the burned coal unconscious to the nature and not going through the necessary pre-processes leaves us confronted with an even more serious situation. At the same time, as a result of the burning of solid fuels, very large levels of gaseous heavy metal particles are released into the environment. Heavy metals taken above a certain dose in living beings result in negativities up to death. Cadmium, mercury, lead and chromium are important heavy metals. The wastes left by the plastic factory, which was established on the coast of Minimata Bay of Japan in 1951, and the mercury inside the food chain caused serious diseases such as partial paralysis and blindness 4 . Nurhan Gümrükçüoğlu, Didem Sarımehmet in many people in the region two years later. Many people were harmed in this event called “Minimata Tragedy”. The emergence of such serious public health and environmental problems in the world; It has led to the recognition of the environmental pollution incident and understanding of the danger dimensions (4). Radiation pollution caused by nuclear power plants, which is very busy today, is also an important problem. Chernobyl reactor accident, which also affected our country closely, is the first major nuclear accident of the 20th century. It was learned by the whole world on April 30, 1986 that a large amount of fission products were released into the atmosphere after the nuclear accident that occurred in the early hours of April 26, 1986 in the 4th unit of the Nuclear Power Reactor in Chernobyl city of Kiev, Ukraine. Almost all European countries have been affected by this event at different levels, depending on various factors, especially meteorological conditions and distance to the accident site. Turkey is one of the countries affected by the accident (5, 6). On March 11, 2011, Japan faced the biggest earthquake disaster in its history. After this earthquake measuring 8.9 on the Richter scale, the island nation faced a tsunami disaster this time. Unfortunately, it has been observed that giant waves have reached a height of 10-15 meters, displacing large vehicles, houses, ships, some buildings and dragging them from the shore for kilometers. The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant suffered the most from the earthquake and tsunami disaster. The accident was changed to what we know today, as backup power units (diesel