AWARDS (University of Manchester, UK) Received the Noble Prize "For Groundbreaking Experiments Regarding the Two-Dimensional Material Graphene"
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441 NOBEL PRIZE 2010 Physics : Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov AWARDS (University of Manchester, UK) received the noble prize "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene". INTERNATIONAL Chemistry: Richard F. Heck (University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA), Ei-ichi Negishi NOBEL PRIZE (Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA) and The Nobel Prize was established in the Akira Suzuki (Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan) 1895 as per the will of Swedish share the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first developing new, more efficient ways of linking awarded in Physics, Chemistry, carbon atoms together to build the complex Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and molecules that are improving our everyday lives. Peace in 1901. Medicine: Robert G. Edwards (British Scientist) The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in “The Father of the Test Tube Baby” was awarded Economic Sciences in Memory of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Alfred Nobel was instituted by for the development of in vitro fertilization. Sveriges Riksbank in 1968 and was Literature: The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2010 first awarded in 1969. Although is awarded to the Peruvian author Mario technically not a Nobel Prize, its Vargas Llosa. His well known works announcements and presentations are include Conver-sacion en la catedral made along with the other prizes, with (1969; Conversation in the Cathedral, the exception of the Peace Prize which 1975), La guerra del fin del mundo is awarded in Oslo, Norway. (1981; The War of the End of the World, The Royal Swedish Academy of 1984) and La fiesta del chivo (2000; The Sciences awards the Nobel Prize in Feast of the Goat, 2001). He is also a Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, noted journalist and essayist. and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Peace: Nobel Peace Prize for 2010 Economic Sciences. The Nobel was awarded to Liu Xiaobo for his Assembly at Karolinska Institutet long and non-violent struggle for awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The Swedish Academy fundamental human rights in China. grants the Nobel Prize in Literature. Liu is sentenced to eleven years in The Nobel Peace Prize is not awarded prison. by a Swedish organisation but by the Economics: Peter A. Diamond (Massachusetts Norwegian Nobel Committee. Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA), The prize cannot be awarded Dale T. Mortensen (Northwestern University, posthumously, unless the winner of the Evanston, IL, USA) and Christopher A. Pissarides prize has passed away after the prize's (London School of Economics and Political announcement. Nor may a prize be Science, UK) received the 2010 Noble Prize for their shared among more than three people. analysis of markets with search frictions. 442 THE FIRST NOBEL PRIZES On the fifth anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death, December 10, 1901, the first set of Nobel Prizes were awarded. Chemistry : Jacobus H. van’t Hoff Physics : Wilhelm C. Röntgen Physiology or Medicine : Emil A. von Behring Literature : Rene F. A. Sully Prudhomme Peace : Jean H. Dunant and Frédéric Passy INDIAN NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS New York City with the concurrence of the Philippine government. Rabindranath Tagore–Nobel Prize for Literature (1913) Every year the Ramon Magsaysay Award Founda-tion gives away prizes to Asian Sir Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman (C.V. individuals and organizations for achieving Raman)–Nobel Prize for Physics (1930) excellence in their respective fields. The awards Dr. Har Gobind Khorana – Nobel Prize for are given in six categories: Medicine and Physio-logy (1968) Government Service Mother Teresa–Nobel Prize for peace (1979) Public Service Dr. Subramanyan Chandra-sekhar – Nobel Community Leadership Prize for physics (1983) Journalism, Literature and Creative Dr. Amartya Sen – Nobel Prize for Economics Communication (1998) Arts Peace and International Under standing V.S. Naipaul – Nobel Prize for Literature (2001) Emergent Leadership Venkatraman Ramakrishnan–Nobel Prize for MAGSAYSAY AWARD 2011 Chemistry (2009) Harish Hande, from In- Sir Ronald Ross–Nobel Prize for Physiology dia. He is being recognized (1902) for “his passionate and Rudyard Kipling–Nobel Prize for Literature pragmatic efforts to put (1907) solar power technology in the hands of the poor, MAGSAYSAY AWARD through a social enterprise Magsaysay Award has been constituted by the that brings customized, affordable, and sus- Philippines government in the memory of tainable electricity to India’s vast rural popu- Ramon Magsaysay, the President of the lace, encouraging the country who died in an aircrash on 1957. poor to become asset cre- ators.” The Ramon Magsaysay Award is often considered Asia's Nobel Prize. The prize was Nileema Mishra, from established in April 1957 by the trustees of the India. She is being recog- Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) based in nized for “her purpose- driven zeal to work tire- 443 lessly with villagers in Maharashtra, India, THE MAN BOOKER PRIZE organizing them to successfully address FOR FICTION both their aspirations and their adversities through collective action and heightened Booker Prize was instituted in 1969. It is the most prestigious award given to lit- confidence in their potential to improve their own lives.” erature by England. It is a literary prize awarded each year for the best original Koul Panha, from Cambodia. He is being full-length novel, written in the English recognized for “his determined and language, by a citizen of the Common- courageous leadership of the sustained wealth of Nations, Ireland, or Zimbabwe. campaign to build an enlightened, organized The award amount is 50,000 pound. Now and vigilant citizenry who will ensure fair this Award is known as Man Booker Prize and free elections — as well as demand for Fiction. accountable governance by their elected officials – in Cambodia’s nascent 2008 - Aravind Adiga for his debut democracy.” novel 'The White Tiger' Hasanain Juaini, from Indonesia. He is 2009 - Hilary Mantel for her work being recognized for “his holistic, ‘Wolf Hall’ community-based approach to pesantren 2010 - Howard education in Indonesia, creatively promoting Jacobson values of gender equality, religious for his work harmony, environmental preservation, ‘The Finkler individual achievement, and civic Question’ engagement among young students and their communities.” Tri Mumpuni, from Indonesia. She is being THE MAN BOOKER INTERNATIONAL PRIZE recognized for “her determined and collaborative efforts to promote micro The Man Booker International Prize is a bien- hydropower technology, catalyze needed nial international literary award given to a liv- policy changes, and ensure full community ing author of any nationality for fiction pub- participation, in bringing electricity and the lished in English or generally available in En- fruits of development to the rural areas of glish translation. Indonesia.” The award, sponsored by the Man Group and Alternative Indigenous Development established in 2005 to complement the Man Foundation, Inc. (AIDFI), from the Booker Prize, rewards one writer’s overall achievement in literature and their significant Philippines. The organization is being influence on writers and readers worldwide. recognized for “their collective vision, technological innovations, and partnership 2005 - Ismail Kadare (Albanian) practices to make appropriate technologies 2007 - Chinua Achebe (Nigerian) improve the lives and livelihoods of the rural 2009 - Alice Munro (Canadian) poor in upland Philippine communities and elsewhere in Asia.” 2011 - Philip Roth (America) 444 ORANGE PRIZE FOR FICTION COMMONWEALTH WRITERS’ PRIZE Orange prize for fiction is one of the United Organised and funded by the Common- Kingdom's most prestigious literary prizes, wealth Foundation is a leading award for awarded annually for the best original full length fiction that was first awarded in 1987. novel by a female author of any The winner of the Best book receives nationality, written in English and published in $10,000 and the winner of the Best first the UK in the preceding year. book receives $ 5,000. A longlist of nominees is announced around 2008 Winner March each year, followed by a shortlist in June; within days the winner is announced. Best Book : The Book of Negroes by The winner of the prize receives $30,000 Lawrence Hill (Canada) Best First Book: A Golden Age by 2008 winner Tahima Anam (Bangladesh). Rose Tremain - 'The Road Home'. 2009 Winner 2009 winner Best Book: Unaccustomed Earth by Marilynne Robinson - ‘Home’ Jhumpa Lahiri (India). 2010 winner Best First Book: A case of Exploding Mangoes by Muhammed Haneef (Paki- Barbara Kingsolver - ‘The Lacuna’ stan). 2011 winner 2010 Winner Tea Obreht Best Book: Solo by Rana Dasgupta (In- - ‘The Tiger’s Wife’ dia/UK) Best First Book: Siddon Rock by Glenda Guest (Australia) MISS UNIVERSE 2011 Winner Miss Universe is an annual international beauty contest run by the Miss Universe Organization. Best Book : The Memory of Love by Motto : “Beauty with brain” Aminatta Forna Miss Universe 2009 - Stefania Fernandez Best First Book : A Man Melting by (Miss Venezuela) Craig Cliff Miss Universe 2010 - Ximena Navarrete (Miss Mexico) Aminatta Forna Craig Cliff 445 MISS WORLD MISS EARTH The Miss World pageant is the oldest surviv- ing major international beauty pageant. It was cre- Miss Earth is an annual international beauty ated in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951. pageant promoting environmental awareness.