Systematics Chapter 35

The World List of Cycads Dennis Wm. Stevenson1, Leonie Stanberg2, and Michael A. Calonje3, 4

1The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458, USA 2National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney 2000, Australia 3Montgomery Botanical Center, 11901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, FL 33156, USA 4Author for correspondence; email: michaelc@montgomerybotanical.​ org­

Abstract

The authors pres­ent an update of the World List of Cycads. This is a list of the valid names of all extant cycads, together with details of their countries of occurrence, the primary publication references, herbarium localities for the types, and details of their conservation status. A list of synonyms is also provided for each genus. The number of species on the current list is as follows: Bowenia (2), Ceratozamia (31), Cycas (117), Dioon (15), Encephalartos (65), Lepidozamia (2), Macrozamia (41), Microcycas (1), Stangeria (1), and Zamia (77), giving a total of 352 species.

Introduction

The first World List of Cycads was published in Encephalartos ( Journal of the Cycad Society of South Africa) (Osborne & Hendricks, 1985), with minor amendments in a supplementary list in a subsequent issue of the same journal (Osborne & Hendricks,

http://dx.doi.org/10.21135/893275389.035 © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden Bronx, NY 10458-5126 USA From Cycad Biology and Conservation: The 9th International Conference on Cycad Biology

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1986). A number of succesive updates followed as changes in taxonomy and outlook made the previous lists obsolete. These­ have been presented at the vari­ous International Conferences on Cycad Biology (Stevenson et al., 1990, 1995; Stevenson & Osborne, 1993a; Osborne et al., 1999, 2012; Hill et al., 2004a, 2004c, 2007) and elsewhere (Stevenson & Osborne, 1993b; Hill et al., 2004b; Osborne et al., 2013). An online version of The World List of Cycads is available at the time of this printing at http://­www​.­cycadlist​.­org. The list that follows provides the valid names (column 1) of all known extant cy- cads at the time of final editing of this text. Compilation is alphabetical by genus/spe- cies, and authors’ names are abbreviated in accordance with Brummitt & Powell (1992) and the International Plant Names Index (2012). The type species for each genus is indi- cated by an asterisk. Column 2 gives details of the countries of appearance (states, prov- inces, departments, or districts in parenthesis), and “?” indicates probable occurrence but not validated by any voucher. Dates (column 3) refer to the year of publication of the name. Publication titles in the citations (column 4) are abbreviated in accordance with BPH-2: Periodicals with Botanical Content (Bridson et al., 2004) and Taxonomic Lit­er­a­ture, second edition (Stafleu & Cowan , 1976–1988, with supplements 1–6 by Stafleu & Men- nega, 1992–2000), except in cases where Taxonomic Lit­er­a­ture provides the same abbre- viations for dif­er­ent works. In such cases, publications are abbreviated as listed in the International Plant Names Index (2012). Column 5 gives details of the nature of the type and herbarium repository. The following abbreviations are used: H = holotype, IT = isotype, LT = lectotype, NT = neotype; SYN = syntype, BAS = ­under basionym, and AUT = autonym. Abbreviations for herbaria follow ­those of Index Herbariorum (Holmgren et al., 1990; Theirs, 2009). The final column (column 6) gives the threatened status as listed in the current IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN, 2017). Where the taxon is not pres­ent in that list, the proposed status given by the species authors or other authoritative sources is indicated in square brackets. We use the following Red List abbreviations: EW = extinct in the wild, CR = critically endangered, EN = endangered, VU = vulnerable, NT = near threatened, LC = least concern, DD = data deficient, NE = not evaluated. ­After each genus we give a partial list of synonyms, nomina dubia and illegitimate names. Significant changes made since the previous version of this list (Osborne et al., 2013) include the addition of several new names and type information. Further locality details have been added to the areas of occurrence, and the levels of threat have been updated following Ver. 2017.3 of the IUCN Red List.

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We are continuing to update the list and searching for type specimens. Recent cata­ loging of retail plant catologues by libraries such as K, NY, BH, and L with major col- lections of this lit­er­a­ture have revealed significant potential additions. Thus, we anticipate many new entries, in par­tic­u­lar for Encephalartos and Macrozamia, mainly from the cata­ logues published by William Bull and ­those of Loddiges cited by Miquel.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued) CR [CR] EN CR CR [NE] [CR] [CR] [NE] LC [VU] EN LC IUCN ­ K ­ t. 5398 ­ t. 5 ­ K ­ GH ­ CIB ­ CIB ­ CHIP ­ NY ­ HEM var. serrulata var. H— ­ XAL H— H— ­ EAP NT— H— H— H— ­ XAL H— H— N— ­ XAL LT— IT— BAS: B. spectabilis LT— H— Type : 501 31 (2–3): 16–21, 16–21, (2–3): 31 Natuurk. Wetensch. 1(1): 41–42 1(1): 54: 419 89: t. 5398 89: t. 5398 317(1): 17–28 50–51: 129–133, figs.1–5 31(3): 422–424, 31(3): fig. 1 38(1): 17–26, figs. 17–26, 1–5 38(1): 18(1): 109–114, fig. 1 109–114, 18(1): 9(3) 410–413, 9(3) fig. 1 figs. 1–2 figs. 1–2 (2008–2009, issued 2013) issued (2008–2009, figs. 1–4 Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 7–8, t. 1 Bot. 395–398, J. Linn. Soc. 141(3): Cycad Newslett. Cycad Brittonia Retail List 4 [Bull] No. 154: Brittonia Delpinoa Novon Bot. J. Linn. 169–175, Soc. 157(2): Phytotaxa Syn. Queensl. Fl. Novon Tijdschr. Wis- ­ Retail List 4, t. [Bull] 5 No. 143: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 3, 5: 3, ser. Bot. Mag. Bot. Bot. Gaz. Bot. Mag. Bot. Citation 1912 1912 2017 1979 1847 1878 1986 2013 1863 1999 1883 1846 2003 2008 2008 2008 2008 Date San Luis Potosí) San Luis Potosí) Mexico (Veracruz) Honduras (Atlántida) Mexico (Querétaro, 1879 Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz) Mexico Mexico (Veracruz) Mexico (Veracruz) Mexico (Oaxaca) Mexico B. serrulata = B. Mexico (Hidalgo, Querétaro, Mexico (Veracruz) B. serrulata = B. Mexico (Chiapas) Australia (Qld) Australia (Qld) Distribution synonymy / - W.Bull F.M.Bailey ­ Farr. & ­ Domínguez, Bongn. species: (31 Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico) ­ Farr., Vovides & Pérez- Mart.- Vázq.Torres, Sabato Avendaño, Vovides & J.L.Haynes, Whi W.Bull Hook. ex Hook.f. Hook. ex Hook.f. species: (2 Australia) Vovides, Avendaño, ­ Hern. var. serrata var. serrulata Vázq.Torres, A.Moretti & Pérez- (W.Bull) Chamb. ­ Farr. & Gonz.- ­ Astorga ­ Campos G.P.Landry & M.C.Wilson ­ Mor. & D.W.Stev. Cast.- telock, Schutzman & R.S.Adams & D.W.Stev. Pérez- Carvajal- Vovides Nic.- Iglesias C. huastecorum C. C. hondurensisC. C. hildae C. C. fuscoviridis C. euryphyllidia C. decumbensC. delucana C. C. chimalapensis C. Synonyms and other names: spectabilis B. C. chamberlainii C. B. spectabilis B. C. brevifrons Miq. C. alvarezii *B. spectabilis *B. CERATOZAMIA B. serrulata B. Name BOWENIA The World List of Cycads World The

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­ XAL ­ CIB ­ NY ­ CHIP ­ CIB ­ NY ­ NY ­ SLPM ­ MICH ­ HNT ­ HEM ­ HEM ­ NY ­ P ­ LE var. tenuis H— H— H— BAS: mexicana C. H— H— H— ­ XAL N— H— H— H— LT— H— N— H— H— ­ XAL N— Type H— 7(4): 433–443, 7(4): figs. Natuurk. Wetensch. Natuurk. Wetensch. 1(1): 42–43 1(1): 1(4): 206 : 68 79(1): 51–57 (1995 publ. (1995 51–57 79(1): 83(1): 47–52 (1997 publ. (1997 47–52 83(1): 268(1): 25–45 268(1): 30: t. 3, fig. 6; 187–188, t. 30(1): 39–42 30(1): 15(2): 175–176, figs.1–4 175–176, 15(2): 69(4): 518. [epublished 518. 69(4): 31 34(2): 181–184, figs. 34(2):1–2 181–184, 2(2): 75–76 3(4): 502–504, 3(4): fig. 1 8(1): 87–90, fig. 1 8(1): 1996) May 2017] figs. 1–6 3, 7 Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. fig. 1–2 1998) 7–8, t. 1 Moscou 4, fig. 22 Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Phytologia Bot. Sci. 94(2): 419–429 Brittonia Phytotaxa Brittonia Bot. J. Linn. 393–400, Soc. 153(4): Syst. Biodivers.Syst. Novon Tijdschr. Wis- ­ Bot. 81–85, J. Linn. Soc. 137(1): Brittonia Novon Phytologia Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 3, 5: 3, ser. Madroño Lloydia Index Palm. Index Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Tijdschr. Wis- ­ Citation 2017 1939 1847 1857 2016 2016 1847 1993 1963 1982 1996 1983 1854 1998 1998 1846 2001 2007 2009 Date Guatemala (Alta Verapaz, Petén, Quiché, Huehuetenango, Izabal), Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz) Marcos), Mexico (Chiapas) Potosí, Veracruz) Potosí, Mexico (Veracruz) Mexico (San Luis Potosí) Mexico (Oaxaca) Mexico Mexico (Veracruz) Mexico (Chiapas) Mexico (Hidalgo, Querétaro) Mexico (Puebla) Mexico (Chiapas) Belize (Cayo, Stann Creek, Toledo), Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca) Mexico (Veracruz) Mexico (Chiapas) (Oaxaca) Mexico Mexico (?Puebla, Veracruz) Mexico (San Luis Potosí) Guatemala (Huehuetenango, San Mexico (Chiapas, Tabasco, Veracruz) Mexico (Tamaulipas) Mexico (Hidalgo, Querétaro, San Luis Distribution synonymy / ­ Farr. & ­ Domínguez ­ Domínguez & ­ Farr. & Vovides ­ Farr. & Iglesias Mart.- Chemnick & Vovides & J.D.Rees Mart.- Regel H.Wend l. Brongn. Medellín Pérez- Vovides, Pérez- Pérez- Lundell D.W.Stev. ­ Mor. Vázq.Torres & Vovides Miq. Miq. Vovides, Vázq.Torres, (Dyer) D.W.Stev. & Vovides (Dyer) D.W.Stev. ­ Mor. ­ Mor. & Nic.- Nic.- T.J.Greg. Schutzman & Iglesias Salas- Iglesias C. tenuis C. C. zaragozae C. vovidesiiC. C. totonacorumC. whitelockianaC. C. subroseophylla C. santillanii C. C. sabatoi C. C. robusta C. C. mixeorum Chemnick, & T.J.Greg. *C. mexicana *C. morettiiC. norstogii C. C. mirandae C. microstrobila C. matudaeC. C. miqueliana Name kuesteriana C. C. latifolia C.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued) NT LC [NE] EN NT LC LC LC VU LC NT CR NT [DD] LC VU CR ­ P ­ LE ­ P ­ CANB ­ CHIP ­ SZECH ­ K ­ NSW ­ U ­ BRI ­ DNA ­ NSW ­ NSW ­ HN ­ LBC ­ K ­ BM ­ PERTH H— H— LT— H— H— H— H— AUT H— H— H— H— ­ IUPH H— H— ? BAS: robusta C. H— H— ? LT— H— ­ XAL LT— H— H— ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. Natuurk. Wetensch. Natuurk. Wetensch. 1(1): 40 1(1): 1(1): 40–41 1(1): Amer., Bot.­ Amer., 193 3: Bot.­ Amer., 193 3: 1: 179 1: : 1188 58(2): 119–123, figs. 58(2): 119–123, 1–2 7(1): 20–21, fig. 9 7(1): 4(4): 298 4(4): 7(1): 44–46, 7(1): fig. 20 7(1): 46–47, fig. 21 7(1): 7(1): 43–44 7(1): 5(4): 693–696, 5(4): fig. 1 5(2): 419–422 5(2): 12(1): 130–132, 12(1): fig. 3 2 504–518. 85–86, pl. 17 235–236 fig. 9 Sada Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. figs. 1–7 Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. For. Dep. Bull., W. Austral. Dep.For. Bull., 32: 31 W. Mem. New Bot. York Gard. 117: Linn.Trans. Soc. London, Bot. 2(5): Monsunia Telopea Telopea Telopea Telopea Arch. Néerl. Sci. Exact. Nat. 3: Telopea Austral. Syst. Bot. 553–554, 7(6): Telopea Brittonia Prodr. Fl. Holland. Nov. 348 1: Biol. Cent.- Biol. Cent.- Telopea Trudy Imp. S.- Trudy Tijdschr. Wis- ­ Bot. J. Linn. 123–128, Soc. 146(1): Tijdschr. Wis- ­ Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 70(2): 149–150 Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. pl. 7–9, 1 3 5: ser. Sp. Pl. Bot. 77–80, J. Linn. Soc. fig.1 137(1): 1810 1763 1876 2018 1847 1847 1885 1923 1996 1993 1994 1996 1994 1996 1996 1868 1900 1884 1884 1846 2001 2004 2004 2006 2008 cult.) Quang Ninh, Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc) (West Sepik, Morobe) Australia (WA) India (Andhra Pradesh) China (Guangxi) China (Guangxi), Vietnam (Lang Son, Australia (Qld) Australia (NT) Australia Australia (NT) Australia Australia (NT) Australia (NT) Australia Australia (NT) Australia Indonesia (Papua), Papua New Guinea Australia (NT) Australia India (Kerala) Australia (NT, Qld) C. robusta = C. tenuis = C. = Z. katzeriana C. mexicana = C. Philippines (Palawan - ­ C. mexicana = C. C. zoquorum = C. = Z. boliviana Vietnam (Da Nang) Mexico (Chiapas) ­ Farr., Vovides & ­ Farr., Vovides & robusta (Miq.) Dyer tenuis Dyer Rita Singh & P.Radha Chirgwin & K.D.Hill var. var. K.D.Hill Pérez- Y.Y.Huang, Y.C.Zhong & K.D.Hill R.Br. Warb. C.A.Gardner K.D.Hill K.D.Hill & A.Lindstr. K.D.Hill & T.H.Nguyên K.D.Hill & Pérez- L. (117 species: L. Africa, (117 Asia, Australia, Indian & SW Pacific countries) muninga natja K.D.Hill arnhemica Z.F.Lu Schutzman Iglesias C. basaltica C. beddomei Dyer C. balansae C. C. baiseensis C. C. badensisC. subsp. subsp. C. arnhemica C. subsp. C. armstrongii Miq. C. apoa K.D.Hill arenicola C. C. angulata C. annaikalensisC. C. mexicana C. mexicana C. C. katzeriana Regel C. longifolia Miq. CYCAS C. aenigma C. C. intermedia Miq. Synonyms and other names: becerrae C. C. boliviana Brongn. aculeata C. C. zoquorum C.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. EN VU NT LC NT [EN] EN CR NT VU [CR] EN LC NT VU LC NT IUCN NT VU NT ­ P t. 19, in­ t. 19, ­ MEL ­ HN ­ NSW ­ NSW ­ NSW ­ DNA ­ KUN ­ NSW ­ K ­ KEP ­ NSW ­ DNA ­ DNA ­ NSW ­ HN ­ NSW Rheede, Hort. Rheede, Malab, 3 (1682) var. bifida LT— H— H— H— H— LT— H— ­ IBSC H— H— H— H— H— H— H— H— H— H— Type H— BAS: C. rumphii H— ­ h ­ d ­ d, g- 10(83): 63, 10(83): 121 5(10): 1092 ­ Chine 51(1): 62–63, fig. 8a- 51(1): 51(1): 58, fig. 6 51(1): 5(1): 197–198, fig. 13 197–198, 5(1): 55(3): 249–252, 55(3): figs.1–2 10(2): 607–611, figs. 607–611, 10(2): 1–2 5(4): 698–700, 5(4): fig. 4a- 5(1): 200–201, 5(1): fig. 15 2: 1188 fig. 2 15 Apr 2015] fig. 1 fig. 14 fig. 1 fig. 6 fig. 11 Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 142–144, 70(2): Brittonia J. Syst. [epublished Evol. 497. 53(6): Sp. Pl. Fl. Fl. Indo- Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36(6): 552–554, Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 178–179, 70(2): Telopea J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 147 15(2): Brittonia Blumea Telopea Fragm. (Mueller)Fragm. J. Adelaide Bot. 175, Gard. 1(3): Austral. Syst. Bot. 538–540 7(6): Telopea Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 155–157, 70(2): Telopea Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 70(2): 161–163 Austral. Syst. Bot. 557–560, 7(6): Citation 1931 1763 1876 1978 1993 2010 1998 1994 1994 2015 1994 1992 1999 1999 1992 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 Date

­ Vung Tau) Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu) Tamil Maharashtra, Kerala, (Chumphon, Thailand Selangor), Narathiwat, Phangnga, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Rayong, Ranong, Trang), Vietnam (An Giang, Giang) Kien Binh, Quang Tri) New Britain), Solomon Islands (Cao Bang, Lang Son, Quang) Tuyen Vietnam (Son La) India (Andra Pradesh, Karnataka, Cambodia, Malaysia (Kedah, Perak, China (Hainan) China Vietnam (Ba Ria- Australia (Qld) Australia (NT) Australia China (Yunnan) China Vietnam (Ha Tinh, Nghe An, Quang Thailand (Chantaburi) Malaysia (Johor) Australia (Qld) Papua New Guinea (Central, Gulf) (NT) Australia Australia (Qld) (NT) Australia Australia (Qld) Papua New Guinea (Bougainville, Vietnam (Bac Kan) China (Guangxi, ?Hainan), Vietnam Distribution synonymy / K.D.Hill N.Liu K.D.Hill, K.D.Hill K.D.Hill & S.L.Yang K.D.Hill F.Muell. K.D.Hill L. Jutta, K.L.Chew & Saw Leandri Maconochie K.D.Hill Chirgwin ex Chirgwin & X.Gong Zhou & Wei (Dyer) K.D.Hill P.K.Lôc Wigston T.H.Nguyên & P.K.Lôc & T.H.Nguyên C. clivicolaC. C. condaoensis C. C. collina & K.D.Hill, T.H.Nguyên C. chenii C. *C. circinalis C. chevalieri C. C. changjiangensisC. C. couttsianaC. C. conferta C. C. chamaoensis C. C. cantafolia C. C. candida K.D.Hill C. cairnsiana C. calcicola C. campestris C. C. canalis K.D.Hill C. brunnea K.D.Hill C. bougainvilleanaC. brachycantha C. Name bifida C.

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var. C. circinalisC. ­ U ­ NSW ­ SZG ­ HNU ­ Panzhihua ­ HN ­ PE ­ K ­ HN ­ L ­ BKF ­ BRI ­ PE ­ BRI ­ BRI Inst. Hort. var. elongata subsp. riuminiana curranii H— H— H— H— LT— H— LT— H— ­ IBSC H— ­ IBK H— BAS: pectinata C. H— H— H— BAS: H— H— H— ­ IBSC ?H— H— : 1995(4): 1 1995(4): : 127 : 62 : 54 : 51 6(1): 153, figs. 153, 1–5 6(1): 10(1): 74–84 4(3): 345–352, 4(3): figs.1–5 54(1): 209 54(1): 54(4): 301, fig. 3 301, 54(4): (2002 14(4): 300, fig. 1 14(4): 43(2): 372 43(2): 70(2): 157–160, fig. 7 157–160, 70(2): fig. 5 figs. 5–6 108 figs. 2–3 publ. 2003)publ. 150 Cycads China Cycads Acta Phytotax. Sin. 209–210 21(2): Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 153–155, 70(2): Acta Phytotax. 82, Sin. t. 13(4): 2, J. Proc. Soc. Roy. Western Australia 3: Cycads China Cycads Kew Bull. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 145–146, 70(2): Phytogr. Comm. Guihaia Cycads China Cycads Brittonia Proc. Third Int. Conf. Cycad Biol. Austrobaileya Blumea Blumea Austrobaileya Acta Phytotax. Sin. 571 35(6): Sichuan Design Surv. Forest. Austrobaileya 1918 1975 2017 1983 1994 1995 1996 1996 1995 1995 1996 1999 1998 1997 1840 2001 2003 2004 2004 2004 Ninh Binh) Ninh Timur [Sumba Barat, Sumba Timur, Timur Barat]) Tenggara) Thai Nguyen) Ninh Thuan, Quang Phu Yen, Ngai) Vietnam (Bac Kan, Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Hoa Binh, Lai Chau, Lao Cai, Ninh Binh, Son La, Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa, Tuyen Quang) China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan) China (Yunnan) China Vietnam (Ha Nam, Hoa Binh, Ha Tay, Australia (WA) (Hainan) China East Timor, Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara Indonesia (Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi China (Guangxi), Vietnam (Lang Son, Vietnam (Phu Tho) China (Guangdong) Vietnam (Binh Dinh, Khanh Hoa, Thailand (Chaiyaphum) Philippines (Palawan) Australia (Qld) China (Guangxi, Yunnan), ?Laos, China (Guangxi) Australia (Qld) China (Yunnan), ?N Vietnam Australia (Qld) K.D.Hill, Z.T.Guan & G.D.Tao Z.T.Guan K.M.Lan & R.F.Zou P.K.Lôc & A.Lindstr. & K.D.Hill S.Y.Yang & S.L.Yang & S.L.Yang S.Y.Yang C.J.Chen Y.C.Zhong & C.J.Chen F.N.Wei D.Yue Wang D.Yue W.Fitzg. de Laub. (Leandri) Wang D.Yue P.I.Forst. (J.Schust.) K.D.Hill P.I.Forst. & B.Gray P.I.Forst. K.D.Hill Hort. ex Miq. ex D.Yue Wang ex D.Yue T.H.Nguyên P.K.Lôc T.H.Nguyên & P.K.Lôc & T.H.Nguyên C. guizhouensisC. C. hainanensis C. C. falcata C. ferrugineaC. C. hongheensis C. C. hoabinhensis C. C. furfuraceaC. glauca C. K.D.Hill, T.H.Nguyên & C. & fugax K.D.Hill, T.H.Nguyên C. fairylakea C. C. elongata C. C. elephantipes C. C. curranii C. edentata C. C. debaoensis C. C. cupidaC. C. dolichophylla C. distans C. C. desolata C. C. diannanensis C.

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­ G ­ SYS ­ PE ­ NSW ­ NSW ­ K ­ NSW ­ BO ­ NSW ­ NSW ­ K ­ DNA ­ BM ­ NSW ­ NY ­ NUOL ­ FTG ­ BM var. javana H— H— LT— H— H— H— H— AUT H— H— H— H— H— AUT H— H— H— ­ PERTH H— H— H— BAS: circinalis C. H— Type H— ­ E : 80 : 65 2: 632 7(1): 51–52, fig. 23 51–52, 7(1): 12(3): 396–397, fig. 3 12(3): 5(1): 188–189, fig. 5 188–189, 5(1): 12–14, fig. 5 12–14, 7(1): 15–16 7(1): 14–15, fig. 6 14–15, 7(1): 7(1): 48–49, fig. 22 7(1): 7(1): 49–51 7(1): 7(1): 48–49, fig. 22 7(1): 12(1): 136–138, 12(1): fig. 5 11(4): 481–483, fig. 3 11(4): 7(2): 213–215, fig. 1 7(2): 480–481 fig. 10e figs. 48–49figs. fig. 10 fig. 2 30–32, fig. e 2014, DOI: 10.1111/njb.00498] Acta Phytotax. Sin. 239, 32(3): Cycads China Cycads Pflanzenr. (Engler) 76, 99 1): (IV. Gard. Chron., 3 38: ser. 142–144, Telopea Austral. Syst. Bot. 554–556, 7(6): Telopea Telopea Telopea Telopea 4: 11–14, pl.Not. 362, Pl. Asiat. 11–14, 4: Prodr. Fl. Holland. Nov. 348 1: Telopea Telopea Telopea Telopea For. Dep. Bull., W. Austral. Dep.For. Bull., 32: W. Novon Nordic J. Bot. [epublished Sep 10 Telopea Cycads China Cycads Fl. Cochinch. Citation Telopea 1810 1932 1793 1994 2014 1994 1996 1854 1996 1905 1992 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1997 1923 1996 2009 2007 2008 Date - ­ Vung Binh Tau, Mariana Islands (Rota), Palau (Dac Lak, Gia Lai, Kon Tum) wat, Ranong) Pahang, Terengganu), Thailand (Chantaburi, Narathi Chumphon, Thuan, Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan) Jawa Timur) Nang, Dong Nai, Khanh Hoa, Quang Nam) China (Yunnan), Vietnam Bai) (Yen India (Tamil Nadu), N Sri Lanka China (Yunnan) China Guam, Micronesia Northern (Yap), Laos (Champasak, Saravan), Vietnam Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara Timur) Australia (Qld) Australia (Qld) Australia (Qld) Laos (Vientiane), Malaysia (Kelantan, Australia (Qld) Australia (Qld) Australia (NT) Australia Australia (NT) Australia Australia (NT) Australia Australia (NT) Australia Australia (WA) Laos (Khammouan) Vietnam (Ba Ria- Philippines (Davao Oriental) Indonesia (Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Laos (Khammouan), Vietnam (Da Distribution synonymy / India (Karnataka) . f C.J.Chen & S.Y.Yang D.Yue Wang D.Yue Chirgwin & K.D.Hill K.D.Hill K.D.Hill Gri C.A.Gardner S.L.Yang, K.D.Hill & Dyer K.D.Hill K.D.Hill K.D.Hill A.Lindstr. & K.D.Hill J.Schust. A.Lindstr. & K.D.Hill Aver., T.H.Nguyên & & T.H.Nguyên Aver., ­ poolei media banksii ensata viridis maconochiei lanata S.K.Nguyên T.H.Nguyên C. multipinnataC. nathorstii C. C. multifrondis C. micronesica C. montana C. C. micholitzii C. megacarpa K.D.Hill subsp. subsp. subsp. C. macrocarpa C. C. media R.Br. subsp. subsp. subsp. C. maconochieiC. C. C. lane- C. laotica C. lindstromiiC. C. lacrimansC. C. javana (Miq.) de Laub. C. inermis Lour. Name C. indica A.Lindstr. & K.D.Hill

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued) EN NT LC VU LC EN NT VU CR VU NT [EN] LC VU VU [NT] [CR]

­ t. 23, ­ UPS ­ MEL ­ K ­ CAL ­ DNA ­ LE ­ NSW ­ K ­ HN ­ PE ­ BKF ­ NSW ­ NSW ­ NSW ­ NSW Rumphius Herb. Amb. 1741 var. orixensis H— LT— H— H— LT— H— H— LT— H— H— LT— BAS: circinalis C. H— H— H— H— H— 12: 16–17 20(2): 424, 426–427 51(1): 44–47, fig. 1 51(1): 54(4): 299, fig. 1 54(4): (2002 51(1): 60–62, 51(1): fig. 7 –178, ­ –178, fig. 13 5(1): 193–194, fig. 9 193–194, 5(1): 5(4): 696–697, 5(4): fig. 3 5(1): 190–191, fig. 7 190–191, 5(1): 12(1): 142–143, fig. 6 142–143, 12(1): fig. 2 Haarlem publ. 2003)publ. 322–323, figs. 3,5 figs.1–6; 11, figs.1–10 t. figs. 4–6 176- figs. 1–3 Gartenflora Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Néerl. 2:45 J. Adelaide Bot. 177–178, Gard. 1(3): Brittonia Verh. Holl. Maatsch Weetensch. Telopea Brittonia Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5(2): Acta Phytotax. 335, t. Sin. 10, 19(3): Descr. Notes Papuan Pl. 71–72 4: Asian J. Conserv. 3–14, Biol. 4(1): Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 70(2): Telopea Telopea Brittonia Telopea Asian J. Conserv. 3–14, Biol. 4(1): 1782 1876 1978 1839 1981 1863 1826 1999 1992 1994 2015 1992 2015 1999 2003 2004 2008 Island) Indonesia (Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Maluku, Papua, Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Selatan, Papua Papu), West New Guinea (West Sepik). Cagayan, Cavite, Isabela, Laguna, Pampanga) (Western) India (Sikkim, Bengal), West Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand (Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Mae Hong Son, Phetchabun, Phrae, Sukhothai), Vietnam (Binh Dinh, Gia Lai, Kon LamTum, Dong, Ninh Thuan, Phu QuangYen, Nam, Quang Ngai) Sawan) Northern Samar) Northern Australia (Ashmore Reef, Christmas Philippines (Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Australia (NT, WA) China (Fujian), Japan (Ryukyu Islands) Thailand (Prachuap Khiri Khan) Australia (Qld) Laos (Vientiane), Thailand (Loei) Indonesia (Papua), Papua New Guinea Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Yunnan), China (Sichuan, Yunnan) Vietnam (Binh Thuan, Ninh Thuan) India (Odisha) India Australia (NT) Australia Australia (Qld) Laos, (Vientiane), Thailand (Nakhon Philippines (Albay, Cagayan, Quezon, India (Odisha) India

L.Zhou & S.Y.Yang Rita Singh, K.D.Hill S.L.Yang, W.Tang, S.L.Yang, W.Tang, K.D.Hill Porte ex Regel K. D. Hill K.D.Hill ­ Ham. Buch.- (Haines) Rita Singh, Maconochie Thunb. K.D.Hill A.Lindstr. & K.D.Hill K.D.Hill & Vatch. P. Radha & Khuraijam P.Radha & K huraijam C. rumphii Miq. C. riuminianaC. C. pruinosa revolutaC. C. pranburiensis C. C. platyphylla C. C. petraeaC. C. panzhihuaensis C. papuana F.Muell. C. pectinata C. C. pachypoda C. orixensis C. C. orientisC. C. ophiolitica C. C. nongnoochiaeC. C. nitida K.D.Hill & A.Lindstr. C. nayagarhensis C.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. VU VU NT DD VU NT VU VU [CR] VU NT NT IUCN [CR] [CR] var. ­ BM ­ K ­ WRSL ­ CAL ­ CAL ­ SZG ­ U ­ MEL ­ NSW ­ NSW ­ L ­ PNH micholitzii simplicipinna H— H— BAS: C. LT— H— H— ­ IBK H— H— LT— H— LT— H— Type H— H— - : 154–155 3: 747 3: 2(2): 18–19 2(2): 43: 11–14 16(1): 1 5(1): 181–182, fig. 1 181–182, 5(1): 7(1): 23–26, 7(1): fig. 11 57(2): 131 57(2): 12(1): 128–129, fig. 2 12(1): : 114–115 150 lin 55–58, figs.1–2 109–110, pl. 1 Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 334 21: Telopea Proc. Third Int. Conf. Cycad Biol.: (Roxburgh) Ind. Fl. Guihaia Telopea Encephalartos Asian J. Conservation Biol. 5(1): Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Ber Fl. Schutzgeb. SüdseeFl. Schutzgeb. Vict. Naturalist Telopea Citation Blumea Indian J. Pl. Sci. [Jaipur] 3(1): 1876 2014 1832 2016 1995 1995 1863 1996 1992 1996 1885 2012 1900 2008 Date - ?Myanmar, Thailand (Chiang Mai, Loei, Mae Hong Song, Phrae), Vietnam (Quang Tri) Odisha, Tamil Nadu) Saravan), Myanmar, Thailand Thailand Myanmar, Saravan), Chaiyaphum,(Chachoengsao, Chon Buri, Kanchanaburi, Lampang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Phetchabun, Ratchaburi, Sakon Nakhon, Tak, Uthai Thani, Uttaridit), Vietnam (Dac Lak, Gia Lai, Nghe Kon Tum, An, Thanh Hoa) Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa) ?N Vietnam?N lands, Madang, Morobe) Indonesia (Papua, Maluku, Papua Barat), Papua New Guinea (Central, Gulf, Milne Western) Bay, Territor y) Australia (Qld) China (Yunnan), Laos (Saravan), India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Cambodia, Laos (Champasak, China (Guangxi), Vietnam (Cao Bang, China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan), India (Andhra Pradesh) Australia (Qld) Papua New Guinea (Eastern High Fiji, New Caledonia, Tonga, Vanuatu Australia (QLD [Murray Island]), Philippines (Palawan) Distribution synonymy / Philippines (Misamis Oriental) India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands P.V.C.Rao, P.V.C.Rao, Lauterb. Agoo & Madulid (Smitinand) K.D.Hill F.N.Wei F.Muell. D.Yue Wang & C.Y. Wang & C.Y. D.Yue A.Braun Miq. Roxb. R.C.Srivast. K.D.Hill K.D.Hill & A.Lindstr. K.D.Hill ­ lasallei Deng K. P.M.Babu, N.V.S.Prasad, Prasanna & Prassad C. silvestrisC. simplicipinnaC. C. sphaericaC. C. sexseminifera C. siamensisC. C. segmentifida C. seshachalamensis C. C. semota C. schumanniana C. scratchleyana C. seemannii C. C. saxatilis Name C. sancti- C. sainathiiC.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued) VU CR NT LC [NT] CR VU NT LC [VU] CR [LC] CR EN NT EN ­ P ­ NY ­ CAL ­ SYS ­ SYS ­ PE ­ NSW ­ PNH ­ NSW ­ SZG ­ NSW ­ LBC ­ HN ­ NSW ­ HAST ­ PE ­ BRI ­ BO ­ BM subsp. zeylanica H— H— BAS: C. rumphii H— ?LT—pl. 586 H— ? H— H— H— H— LT— H— H— ?H— H— H— H— H— H— H— H—

: 434 : 134, fig. 4 37(4): 6 37(4): 8(3): 356–363, 8(3): figs. t.1, 51(1): 65–66 51(1): 50(3): 519–522. 50(3): fig. 1. 7(1): 18–19, fig. 8 18–19, 7(1): 7(1): 32–33, fig. 15 7(1): 12(1): 134–136, 12(1): fig. 4 7(1): 20–23, 7(1): fig. 10 12(3): 408–410, 12(3): fig. 6 12(2): 238 Sunyatseni 8 283–288, t. 5 1–4 fig. 10 1–4 figs. 7–8 figs. Int. J. Innov. Sci. Res. 4 473–476 (1): Acta Phytotax. Sin. 337 19(3): Novon Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Ill. Hort. pl. 586 27, 33: Acta Sci. Nat. Sunyatseni Univ. 37(4): Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 2: Blumea Telopea Telopea Philipp. J. Sci. 60(3): 234–236, pls Telopea Telopea Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 168–170, 70(2): Voy. Uranie, Bot. Uranie, Voy. Austrobaileya Acta Phytotax. t. 1, 81, Sin. 13(4): Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 135–138 35(2): Cycads China Cycads Brittonia Telopea pl. 1–3, J. 331 Bot. 31: 1775 1981 2011 1975 1936 1998 2015 1998 1996 1893 1996 1886 1996 1994 1826 1996 1999 2005 2002 2008 2004 2009 Kenya, Madagascar, S Sri Lanka Marinduque, Mindoro Oriental, Negros Oriental, Samar) Mozambique, Seychelles, Tanzania = C. sexseminifera C. sainathii= C. = C. panzhihuaensis nomen dubium nomen = C. sexseminifera = Encephalartos caffer India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Philippines (Zambales) Australia (Qld) Philippines (Palawan) Australia (Qld) Philippines (Cebu, Iloilo, Leyte, Australia (Qld) Vietnam (Hai Phong, Quang Ninh) Comoros, ­ Australia (Qld) China (Fujian) China China (Taiwan) China (Fujian, Guangdong) (Fujian, China Thailand (Saraburi) China (Yunnan), ?Vietnam (Lai Chau) Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara Timur) Hung T.Chang, L.K.Fu & Hung T.Chang, Madulid & Agoo K.Prassad, K.Prassad, C.F.Shen, K.D.Hill, K.D.Hill & P.K.Lôc Carruth. K.D.Hill & S.L.Yang A.Lindstr. & K.D.Hill L.Linden & Rodigas D.Yue Wang D.Yue K.D.Hill R.Br. ex Gaudich. Miq. ex A.Lindstr. & P.I.Forst. Thunb. Y.C.Zhong & Z.F.Lu M.V.Ramana, Sanjappa & B.R.P.Rao S.Z.Cheng Y.Y.Huang & Y.C.Zhong K.D.Hill L.K.Fu & C.J.ChenC.H.Tsou K.D.Hill C. bellefontii Synonyms and other names: C. acuminatissima C. andamanica C. baguanheensis C. C. brevipinnataC. C. caffra C. zeylanica (J.Schust.) A.Lindstr. & C. zambalensis C. C. yorkiana C. C. wadei Merr. C. xipholepis K.D.Hill C. vespertilioC. C. tuckeri K.D.Hill C. tropophylla C. C. thouarsiiC. C. terryana C. szechuanensis W.C.Cheng & taitungensis C. taiwaniana C. tansachana C. C. tanqingiiC. C. sundaica C.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. IUCN

­ NY ­ K ­ K, P ­ NSW ­ NY Rumphius Herb. Amb. 1741 madagascariensis scratchleyana chamberlainii riuminiana seemannii Type H— H— LT—tt. 20–21LT—tt. BAS: glauca C. ? BAS: undulata C. ? BAS: C. BAS: C. BAS: C. papuana BAS: C. LT— IT— LT— BAS: C. BAS: C. BAS: thouarsii C. BAS: C. beddomei ­ g ­ Afrikas 82 2(1): 5(4): 699–700, 5(4): fig. 4e- fig. 1 Citation Telopea Philipp. J. Sci. 26: 47–48, pls 1–2, Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Néerl. 45 1839: Pflanzenr. (Engler) 66 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 66 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 66 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 74 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 73 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 70 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 70 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 69 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 69 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 69 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 69 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 68 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenr. 73 (Engler) 71, 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenw. Ost- Pflanzenr. (Engler) 67 99 1): (IV. 1932 1932 1932 1932 1932 1932 1932 1932 1839 1932 1932 1932 1932 1994 1932 1932 1925 1908 Date Distribution synonymy / = C. canalis = C. rumphii C. riuminiana= C. C. glauca = C. nomen dubium nomen C. circinalis= C. C. thouarsii= C. thouarsii= C. scratchleyana = C. = C. papuana C. riuminiana= C. = C. wadei C. edentata = C. = C. curranii C. riuminiana= C. C. seemannii = C. C. thouarsii= C. = C. beddomei - - - - - f. cur cur cur cur - - scratch var. var. var. var. (Porte (A.Braun) beddo (R.Br. ex var. (Hort. ex J.Schust. (W.H.Br. & (Miq.) J.Schust. riuminiana J.Schust. J.Schust. J.Schust. W.H.Br. & Kienholz W.H.Br. subsp. madagascarien f. glauca f. gothanii f. undulata subsp. madagascariensis subsp. papuana var. subsp. papuana (F.Muell.) subsp. subsp. riuminiana subsp. riuminiana subsp. riuminiana subsp. riuminiana subsp. seemannii subsp. thouarsii subsp. vera (F.Muell.) J.Schust. f. chamberlainii f. graminea f. maritima J.Schust. (Dyer) J.Schust. Gaudich.) J.Schust. trigonocarpoides sis (Miq.) J.Schust. leyana J.Schust. Kienholz) J.Schust. ranii ranii ranii ranii ex Regel) J.Schust. J.Schust. Gaudich.) Engl. mei Name C. canalis subsp. carinata K.D.Hill C. celebica Miq. C. chamberlainii C. C. circinalisC. C. circinalisC. C. circinalisC. C. circinalisC. C. circinalisC. circinalisC. circinalisC. C. circinalisC. C. circinalisC. C. circinalisC. C. circinalisC. C. circinalisC. circinalisC. C. circinalisC. C. circinalisC.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued) , ­ e ­ Thouars, ­ U ­ t. 2a- ­ LE ­ CAL ­ SYS ­ SZG ­ SYS ­ SYS ­ SYS ­ MEL ­ U ­ NSW ­ L ­ HFB ­ NSW ­ K ­ LE ­ K Petit- Veg. Hist. 1804 changjiangensis BAS: pectinata C. LT— H— SYN— ­ K H— H— H— ? H— LT— H— H— H— H— H— H— H— H— ­ IBK H— LT— H— BAS: C. H— : 3 : 16 15: 366–367 : 119 : 127 : 28. figs. t. 1, t, u, t ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. : 68 : 238 51(1): 64, fig. 8e,f,i 51(1): 51(1): 70–72, fig. 11 51(1): 17(3): 209 17(3): 4(4): 282 4(4): 4(4): 282 4(4): II,e1 fig. Akad. Wetensch. 434–435 121–122 Sada 1–2, pl. 362, fig. 1 387–388 68 Sada 6 Pflanzenr. (Engler) 68 99 1): (IV. Comm. Phytogr. Comm. Monogr. Cycad. Monogr. Bot. Bihar Orissa 6: 1228 Nordic J. 69–76. Bot. 35(1): Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912(10): Brittonia Acta Sci. Nat. Sunyatseni Univ. 38(3): Trudy Imp. S.- Trudy Not. Pl. Asiat. 9–10, pl. 4: 360, figs. Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 24(4): Epimel. Bot. Guihaia Acta Sci. Nat. Sunyatseni Univ. 36(3): Phytogr. Comm. J. Pl. Genet. Resources 9(4): 525–527 Trudy Imp. S.- Trudy Proc. Sixth Int. Conf. Cycad Biol. Australas. Chem. Druggist Brittonia Acta Sci. Nat. Sunyatseni Univ. 37(4): Cycads China Cycads 1912 1876 1932 1876 2017 1842 1849 1924 1854 1863 1997 1997 1998 1996 1999 1999 1882 1999 1840 1840 2004 2004 2008 C. pectinata = C. C. circinalis= C. = C. javana C. orixensis = C. C. siamensis= C. = C. sexseminifera C. clivicola= C. C. sainathii= C. = C. media subsp. media = C. media subsp. media C. pectinata = C. C. hainanensis = C. C. segmentifida = C. thouarsii= C. = C. sexseminifera nom. illeg. = C. media subsp. media C. changjiangensis= C.

C. segmentifida = C. = C. media subsp. media edentata = C. = C. bifida x C. multipinnata - - pecti Miq. Haines K.D.Hill var. Regel Regel . Miq. f F.N.Wei D.Yue Wang D.Yue Hung T.Chang, F.Muell. subsp. changjiangen Hung T.Chang & Gri .) J.Schust..) L.J.Singh C.Presl. f subsp. vera var. angustifolia var. javana Miq. var. orixensis Hung T.Chang, Craib subsp. lutea K.D.Hill var. glauca Miq. var. viridis Y.Y.Huang, Y.C.Zhong & Y.Y.Huang, (Gri nata Y.C.Zhong & Z.F.Lu Y.C.Zhong Z.F.Lu sis (N.Liu) N.Liu Y.C.Zhong & Y.Y.Huang C. circinalisC. C. circinalisC. C. circinalisC. C. circinalisC. C. clivicolaC. C. gracilis C. C. immersa C. crassipes C. C. dharmrajii C. gracilis C. C. gracilis C. C. jenkinsianaC. C. lingshuiensis G.A.Fu C. longisporophylla C. longlinensis C. madagascariensisC. C. gracilis C. C. hainanensis C. C. hypoleuca C. C. kennedyana C. litoralis C. longiconifera C. C. longipetiolulaC.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. IUCN ­ G ­ U ­ U ­ P ­ P ­ BKF ­ CAL ­ CAL ­ SYS ­ U ­ SZG ­ SZG ­ SYS ­ MEL ­ HFB ­ K ­ L preserved preserved preserved H— ­ YUN apparently not H— H— apparently not LT— LT— LT— H— H— H— apparently not BAS: undulata C. H— H— H— H— H— H— Type LT— LT— LT— 8(66): 169–171, : 125–126 : 25–26 14(3): 236 14(3): 5(10): 1091 Natuurk. Wetensch. : 93 : 83 ­ Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. ­ d, 11m 1(1): 207 1(1): 1: 179, 181 179, 1: 4:16 ­ Chine (8): 35–37 (8): Akad. Wiss. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 109–110, pl. 1 327 figs.10c- fig. 1 Icon. 65–66 70 figs. 2–3, 4f Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol. 2 Abh. Math.- Rumphia Tijdschr. Wis- ­ Cycad. Monogr. Acta 400 Bot. Yunnan. 17(4): Fl. Fl. Indo- J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 560 Indian J. Pl. Sci. [Jaipur] 3(1): Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., 34: 324, n.s., J. Jap. 587 Bot. 14(9): Pflanzenr. (Engler) 75, 99 1): (IV. Comm. Phytogr. Comm. Cycads China Cycads Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 2–3, 26(1): Fragm. (Mueller)Fragm. Acta Sci. Nat. Sunyatseni Univ. 7 37(4): Acta Sci. Nat. Sunyatseni Univ. 8 37(4): Cycads China Cycads Citation Acta Sci. Nat. Sunyatseni Univ. 36(3): Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 24: 164, Monsunia 1931 1874 1971 2014 1932 1847 1938 1842 1995 1927 2015 1996 1998 1998 1997 1996 1902 1848 1846 1840 1900 2006 Date C. revoluta= C. C. revoluta= C. C. revoluta= C. C. diannanensis = C. C. sainathii= C. C. bifida = C. = C. zeylanica C. revoluta= C. C. circinalis= C. nomen dubium nomen = C. zeylanica C. elongata = C. C. glauca = C. C. hainanensis = C. = C. media subsp. media C. balansae = C. C. diannanensis = C. = C. sexseminifera Distribution synonymy / C. segmentifida = C. C. simplicipinna= C. guizhouensis= C. C. revoluta= C. C.J.Chen Miq. Miq. Siebold & (Desf. ex Hung T.Chang, F.Muell. G.A.Fu Hung T.Chang, D.Yue Wang D.Yue var. simplicipinna R.C.Srivast. & L.J.Singh Hung T.Chang & var. manhaoensis var. elongata Leandri Blume R.C.Srivast. Warb. var. prolifera var. brevifrons Miq. var. planifolia var. robusta Messeri S.L.Yang Zucc. & P.Yun Gaudich.) Kaneh.Gaudich.) Y.Y.Huang & Y.C.Zhong Y.Y.Huang & H.X.Zheng & Y.Y.Huang Y.C.Zhong Smitinand C. revolutaC. C. revolutaC. revolutaC. C. revolutaC. C. pygmaea C. C. pectinata C. pschannae C. C. rumphii var. bifida Dyer C. sainathiiC. C. rumphii f. undulata C. rumphii subsp. zeylanica J.Schust. C. pectinata C. shanyaensis C. C. rumphii var. timorensis C. normanbyana C. palmatifida C. C. parvula C. septemsperma C. Name C. miquelii multifidaC. C. multiovula C. micholitzii

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued) EN VU VU ­ K ­ CAL ­ GXF ­ SYS ­ NAP ­ U ­ US ­ P tonkinensis multipinnata micholitzii lindstromii var. elongata micholitzii fairylakea tonkinensis H— LT— H— ­ XAL BAS: Z. BAS: C. BAS: siamensis C. BAS: C. BAS: C. miquelii BAS: C. H— H— C. pectinata BAS: pectinata C. H— BAS: Cycas BAS: balansae C. H— ­ IBK H— BAS: C. BAS: Z. H— H— : 2 : 208 : 208 : 434 : 32 Natuurk. Wetensch. 92: 17 1(1): 37–38 1(1): 31(1): 170–172, figs. 170–172, 2–3 31(1): 17(3): 211 43(2): 391 43(2): 43(2): 391 43(2): 43(2): 393 43(2): 43(2): 389 43(2): 43(2): 393 43(2): 43(2): 395 43(2): 43(2): 388 43(2): 393 43(2): figs. 1–8 figs. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 69 Brittonia Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 471–476, 141(4): Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 29: misc. 59–60 Tijdschr. Wis- ­ Blumea Blumea Blumea Blumea Blumea Acta Sci. Nat. Sunyatseni Univ. 36(3): Ord. Fam. Prof. Nakai Blumea Monogr. Cycad. Monogr. Ord. Fam. Prof. Nakai Blumea Blumea Pflanzenr. (Engler) 81 99 1): (IV. Proc. Sixth Int. Conf. Cycad Biol. Guihaia Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 430–435 158(3): Ill. Hort. 27 33: Encephalartos Bot. Uranie, Voy. Chin. Bull. Bot. 12:12 1943 1943 1847 1979 1932 1843 1842 1995 1998 1829 1998 1998 1997 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1998 1886 2003 2007 2004 2008 Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla) Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas) (Oaxaca) Mexico nomen dubium nomen C. multipinnata= C. C. siamensis= C. = C. micholitzii C. revoluta= C. C. segmentifida = C. = CYCAS C. lindstromii= C. = C. micholitzii C. circinalis= C. = CYCAS C. elongata = C. C. balansae = C. C. fairylakea = C. = C. sexseminifera dubium nomen circinalis= C. = C. indica C. riuminiana= C. C. balansae = C. (D. (Warb.) fairylakea Hung T.Chang & Nakai Miq. (C.J.Chen & (L.Linden & Rodigas) (L.Linden & Rodigas) J.Y.Liang (Dyer) Nakai Hung T.Chang & (S.L.Yang, K.D.Hill & (Dyer) de Laub. T.J.Greg., Chemnick, T.J.Greg., de Laub. de subsp. balansae (Miq.) de Laub. Desf. ex Gaudich. Miq. De Luca & Sabato de Laub. (Warb.) de Laub. Rita Singh & P.Radha Lindl. species: (15 Honduras, Mexico) ­ Mor. & Vovides Salas- de Laub. de S.Y.Yang) de Laub. Y.C.Zhong T.H.Nguyên) de Laub. de T.H.Nguyên) Laub. J.Schust. Yue Wang) N.LiuYue Rodigas Y.C.Zhong D. argenteum D. califanoi D. D. angustifoliumD. DIOON E. siamensis E. tonkinensis E. miquelii E. multipinnata E. micholitzii C. xilingensisC. DYEROCYCAS micholitziiD. E. lindstromii C. wallichiiC. EPICYCAS E. elongata (Leandri) ex S.L.Yang de C. undulata C. C. spiniformisC. swamyi C. tonkinensisC. truncata C. C. shiwandashanica C. siamensisC. C. szechuanensis subsp.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. EN VU VU VU LC EN IUCN NT EN VU EN [CR] EN

­ CGE ­ MEXU ­ US ­ US ­ NAP ­ NAP ­ K var. sonorense angustifolium angustifolium angustifolium H— ­ XALU H— H— H— H— ­ XALU H— Type H— ­ XALU H— ​ ? ­ H— BAS: tomasellii D. H— H— ­ XAL BAS: D. BAS: D. BAS: D. LT—K H—K 12(7): 2: 411–413, 2: 411–413, : 10, 22: 10, 27: 45 27: 7(1): 73–79, figs. 73–79, 1–2 7(1): 3: 191, t. 81, t. Bot. 81, ­ Amer., 191, 3: 48: 153 83(1): 1–6 publ. (1997 83(1): 32(2): 225–229 32(2): 33(2): 180–184, 33(2): figs. 2–3 33(4): 552–554, 33(4): figs.1–2 32(1): 44–46, 32(1): figs. 3–4 36(3): 225–227, 36(3): figs. 2–5 13: 5 13: ­ Zeitung (Berlin) 1(1): 36–38 1(1): 260–261 35–42 1998) 438–439, fig. 80 figs. 1–3 Brittonia Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. Natl. U.S. Contr. Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 88(1): Brittonia Ceiba Brittonia Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 29: misc. 59–60 Citation Brittonia (Vanhoutt.) Cat. Phytologia Gart.- Brittonia Syst. Biodivers.Syst. Prodr. Syst. Cycad. Kalmia Arch. Néerl. Sci. Exact. Nat. 427 3: Gartenflora Biol. Cent.- 1951 1861 1981 1981 2016 1843 1980 1983 1909 1998 1984 1980 1899 1883 1868 1846 1884 2009 Date Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) Sinaloa) D. edule ­ D. D. mejiae ­ D. Mexico (Oaxaca) Mexico Mexico (Oaxaca) Mexico Mexico (Oaxaca) Mexico Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca) Honduras (Colón, Olancho, Yoro) Mexico (Oaxaca) Mexico Mexico (Hidalgo, Querétaro, San Luis Distribution synonymy / Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla) angustifolium= D. Mexico (Sinaloa, Sonora) Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz) Mexico Mexico (Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, D. angustifolium= D. Mexico (Guerrero, Michoacán) (Guerrero, Mexico D. angustifolium= D. D. angustifolium= D. ​= ​= ​ . ­ ) ​ . ­ ) ­ ) Miq. ) ­ ) Miq. (Miq (Miq ​ . Wittm Dyer (Miq ​ . Mor., Chemnick­ Mor., ­ Mor. & Vovides Salas- Dyer ex Eichler ​ . ­ angustifolium Nic.- De Luca, Sabato & Lem. De Luca, Sabato & Vázq. (De Luca, Sabato & ​ . ­ angustifolium ​ . ­ lanuginosum ​ . ­ latipinnium ­ Mor. Rose De Luca, Sabato & Vázq. De Luca, Sabato & Vázq. Lindl. Standl. & L.O.Williams ​ . ­ angustifolium f subsp var var var ­ edule ­ edule ­ edule ­ edule ­ edule Sabato & Vázq.Torres & T.J.Greg. & Torres Vázq.Torres Torres Chemnick, T.J.Greg. Vázq.Torres) & Salas- Torres A.E.Murray ​ . ​ . ​ . ​ . ​ . D. sonorense D. D. rzedowskiiD. De Luca, A.Moretti, D. planifoliumD. D. purpusii D. D. merolae D. mejiae D. D. holmgrenii D. *D. edule *D. Name D. caputoi Synonyms and other names: aculeatum D. D D. spinulosum D. tomaselliiD. D. stevensoniiD. D D D D

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued) CR LC EN CR EN EN CR NT NT VU EN EW CR VU VU VU EN

3, ­ e in ­ t. 4d- ­ K ­ NH ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ BR ­ NH ­ PRE ­ M ­ K ­ NAP ­ K ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ PRE cycadifolia Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 1851 var. sonorense H— BAS: Z. H— H— H— H— H— H— Cycas caffra BAS: Cycas LT— H— H— BAS: tomasellii D. ? H— H— AUT ?LT—tt. 4–5 H— H— IT— H— 58(1–2): 58(1–2): 14: 153–156 14: 17: 112 98(2): 153–155, 4(2): 23, 4(2): t. 4 4(2): 23, 4(2): t. 4 Natuurk. Wetensch. ­ Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. ­ Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. 1(1): 36 1957: 252 1957: ­ Galiciana 36(3): 226–227, 36(3): figs. 2B, 10(2): 379–383 10(2): 7: 147–158 7: 7: 147–158 7: fig. 1 219–224 Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 3C, 5 Akad. Wiss. Akad. Wiss. Bull. Jard. Bot.Bull. Belg. Natl. Jard. Nov. Stirp.Nov. Pug. 6:13 GemblouxAnn. Bothalia Kirkia Kirkia Durban Mus. Novit. Mus. Durban Nov. Stirp.Nov. Pug. 6:14 Kew Bull. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 125–129 77(2): S. African J. 61–64 Bot. 62(1): Fl. Fl. Novo- Tijdschr. Wis- ­ Prodr. de Candolle] [A. P. 537 16(2): Brittonia S. African J. Bot. 56(2): 239–243 J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 125–129 77(2): Nov. Stirp. t.Nov. 4–5 Pug. 6: 11, S. African J. Bot. 62: 57–60 J. S. African Bot. 1–4 22(1): Arch. Néerl. Sci. Exact. Nat. 243 3: Abh. Math.- Abh. Math.- Stirp.Nov. 3–8, Pug. 6: tt. 1–5 1971 1969 1957 1969 1978 1847 1978 1956 1989 1834 1992 1988 1845 1845 1834 1996 1996 1992 1984 1834 1868 1834 1868 1990 ­ Natal) ­ Natal) Midlands and Masvingo) (Manicaland) (Plateau), ?Togo South Africa (E Cape) (Mpanda) Tanzania South Africa (Limpopo) South Africa (Mpumalanga) Zimbabwe (Matabeleland South, Mozambique (Manica), Zimbabwe South Africa (E Cape) South Africa (KwaZulu- Nigeria (Plateau) ­ Kenya, Tanzania (Arusha) D. sonorense = D. D. edule = D. D. edule = D. D. sonorense = D. Benin (Bergu), Ghana, Nigeria, ?Togo South Africa (E Cape) South Africa (Limpopo) South Africa (E Cape) Benin (Bergu), Ghana, Nigeria = DIOON Swaziland South Africa (KwaZulu- D. edule = D. De Luca, Lehm. (65 species: Africa) (De Luca, R.A.Dyer & Zucc. Zucc. L.E.Newton Vorster Lem. ex A.DC. (Jacq.) Lehm. Lavranos & D.L.Goode Lehm. Miq. Malaisse, Sclavo & Vorster R.A.Dyer & I.Verd. Melville R.A.Dyer var. sonorense ​ . ­ sonorense (Thunb.) Lehm. var allochrous barteri ­ edule Crosiers I.Verd. Sabato & McVaugh & Vázq.Torres) Pérez de la Rosa Sabato & Vázq.Torres ​ . E. cycadifolius delucanus E. E. dolomiticus E. cupidus R.A.Dyer E. concinnusE. E. chimanimaniensis E. *E. caffer *E. E. cerinus Lavranos & D.L.Goode D D.strobilaceum subsp. subsp. E. bubalinus E. D.imbricatum D.tomasellii E. altensteinii aplanatus E. E. brevifoliolatus E. arenarius E. E. barteri Carruth. ex Miq. PLATYZAMIA Platyzamia rigida Platyzamia E. aemulans Vorster ENCEPHALARTOS

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. CR NT EN EN CR NT NT VU CR NT [CR] CR NT EN VU CR VU NT IUCN CR CR EN NT ­ t. 9 ­ K ­ PRE ­ BR ­ K ­ K ­ K ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ BR ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ PRE H— ?LT— H— H— H— H— H— H— H— H— ­ B H— H— ?LT—tt. 1–3 BAS: Z. horrida H— LT— ?LT—pl. 567 AUT Type H— H— H— ? sér. 5, 58(1–2): 58(1–2): 1874: 18 4(4): 424, t.9 4(4): 204(2): 99–115 204(2): 99–115 8(2): 169–170 8(2): 6(1): 220, pl. 3 241, 6(1): 10(4): 539–546 10(4): 2(1): 7–10 2(1): 1(1): 10, t. 10, 25 1(1): Physiol. 152–155 219–224 264–265 Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. Congo Belge, Mus. Ann. Fl. Pl. Africa pls. 27: 1078–1079 Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Utafiti Man. Pl. 40, Transvaal 1: 99 Man. Pl. 40, Transvaal 1: 90, fig. 4d Mem. New Bot. York Gard. 57: Bothalia Bothalia S. African J. 46–48, Bot. 62(1): fig. 1 Nov. Stirp.Nov. Pug. 6: 8, tt. 1–3 Stirp.Nov. Pug. 6:14 Index Palm. Index Phytotaxa Bull. Misc. Inform. 181 Kew 1916: Ill. Hort. misc.: 14, 80–81, pl. 567 Bothalia Phytotaxa Bull. Jard. Bot.Bull. Belg. Natl. Jard. S. African J. 226–229 Bot. 61(4): J. S. African 1–3 Bot. 11(1): Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna 3: Citation 1951 1916 1874 1851 1949 1945 1972 1867 1989 1903 1838 1926 1926 1995 1996 1834 1834 1964 2015 2015 1990 1988 Date ­ Natal, ­ Natal) ­ Natal) cratic Republic of Congo of Republic ­ cratic ­ Natal) ­ Natal) ­ Taveta), Tanzania ­ cratic Republic of Congo Natal), SwazilandNatal), Limpopo, Mpumalanga), Swaziland (Kilimanjaro, ?Morogoro) (Orientale) Tanga, Zanzibar Island) Zanzibar Tanga, (Zambézia) Maputo, Sofala), South Africa (KwaZulu- Maputo, Sofala), South Africa (KwaZulu- Angola, Demo Angola, Mozambique, South Africa (KwaZulu- ­ South Africa (E Cape, KwaZulu- South Africa (Mpumalanga) South Africa (E Cape) ­ Kenya (Taita- Demo South Africa (Limpopo) South Africa (E Cape) South Africa (E Cape, KwaZulu- South Africa (Mpumalanga) ­ Kenya (Coast), Tanzania (Lushoto, South Africa (Limpopo) South Africa (E Cape, KwaZulu- South Africa (Mpumalanga), Swaziland Mozambique (Inhambane) Malawi (Mulanje), Mozambique Uganda (Eastern) South Africa (Limpopo) Mozambique (Gaza, Inhambane, Mozambique (Gaza, Inhambane, Distribution synonymy / South Africa (Limpopo) Lehm. I.Verd. I.Verd. A.Braun & De Wild. P.Rousseau, Vorster & P.J.H.Hurter Lem. Stapf & Burtt Davy Lavranos & D.L.Goode Bamps & Lisowski R.A.Dyer ­ guilielmi R.A.Dyer Faden & Beentje P.J.H.Hurter ­ maraisii Stapf & Burtt Davy Prain C.D.Bouché A.E.van Wyk E. laurentianus E. E. lebomboensis E. laevifolius lanatus E. E. latifrons Lehm. E. kisambo E. E. inopinus E. E. ituriensis E. hirsutus E. friderici- E. horridus (Jacq.) Lehm. E. ghellinckii E. humilis I.Verd. E. heenanii E. E. hildebrandtii E. gratus subsp. emersus E. equatorialisE. E. eugene- E. ferox G.Bertol subsp. ferox Name E. dyerianus E.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued) CR LC LC VU NT VU CR EW VU CR EW VU VU VU LC NT CR CR CR EN NT NT NT VU VU

­ PRE ­ K ­ PRE ­ K ­ PRE ­ BR ­ PRE ­ BR ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ BR ­ BR var. manikensis H— H— ­ EA AUT H— SYN— ­ K H— H— H— H— H— H— H— H— ? H— ?H— H— H— H— ? H— ­ EA H— BAS: Z. longifolia BAS: E. gratus H— - 39(4): 39(4): 62: 50: 13–17, figs. 50:1–2 13–17, 1957: 249 1957: 78(6): 409–410, 78(6): fig. 1 31(2): 197–199 6(1): 205–211, pls 1–3 6(1): 20: 35–36 7: 147–158 7: 7: 147–158 7: 156–161 401–406 215–219 19 burg figs. 1–6 133–134 104–110 J. E. Nat. Afr. Hist. 88: 35 J. E. Nat. Afr. Hist. 88: 35 Kew Bull. S. African J. Bot. 76–79 62(2): Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 29(20): 334 Mem. New Bot. York Gard. 57: Bull. Jard. Bot.Bull. Belg. Natl. Jard. Bull. Jard. Bot.Bull. Belg. Natl. Jard. Bothalia Kirkia 31(2): 111–112, pl. J. S. African 111–112, Bot. 31(2): Phytologia Man. Pl. 40, Transvaal 1: fig. 4a 99, Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Branden Fl. Pl. Africa pls 27: 1053–1054 Bothalia Kirkia S. African J. Bot. 67–70 62(2): S. African J. 122–126 Bot. 55(1): Nov. Stirp.Nov. Pug. 6:14 Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 187–192, 140(2): Encephalartos Nov. Stirp.Nov. Pug. 6:14 Proc. Rhodesia Sci. Assoc. 37: Bull. Soc. Bot. Roy. Belgique 91: 1951 1871 1957 1969 1969 1949 1969 1878 1939 1993 1965 1996 1999 1995 1958 1999 1989 1926 1990 1996 1997 1834 1834 2001 2002 - ­ Natal), ­ Natal), ­ Natal) ­ Natal) Occidental, ­ Occidental, Katanga) ­ cratic Republic of Congo ­ cratic Republic of Congo ­ cratic Republic of Congo ­ cratic Republic of Congo Uganda Swaziland (Katanga) (Katanga), Zambia (Luapula, Northern) land Swaziland (Kasai- (Katanga) ­ Kenya (Eastern) ­ Kenya (Rift Valley) South Sudan (Western Equatoria), ­ Kenya (Eastern, Rift Valley) Tanzania (Tanga) Tanzania South Africa (KwaZulu- Demo Demo Swaziland Mozambique (Manica) South Africa (Mpumalanga), Swazi South Africa (Limpopo) South Africa (E Cape) South Africa (KwaZulu- Demo South Africa (KwaZulu- Mozambique (Manica) South Africa (KwaZulu- South Africa (E Cape) South Africa (E Cape) (Northern) Uganda South Africa (Mpumalanga) Mozambique (Manica), Zimbabwe (Manica), Mozambique Demo South Sudan (Eastern Equatoria) Vorster, Robbertse Schweinf. P.J.H.Hurter S.Jones & Wynants Devred Stapf & Burtt Davy Miringu & Beentje L.E.Newton (Gilliland) Gilliland (Gilliland) Melville Vorster (Jacq.) Lehm. Lehm. R.A.Dyer & I.Verd. Vorster I.Verd. Malaisse R.A.Dyer & I.Verd. P.J.H.Hurter Asch. tegulaneus powysii Luca Crosiers & S.van der Westh. subsp. subsp. E. septentrionalis E. tegulaneus E. E. sclavoi A.Moretti, & De D.W.Stev. senticosus E. E. schaijesii Malaisse, Sclavo & E. schmitzii E. relictus E. paucidentatus E. pterogonus R.A.Dyer & I.Verd. E. nubimontanus E. E. poggei E. princeps R.A.Dyer E. ngoyanus E. E. natalensisE. E. munchii E. msinganus E. E. lehmannii E. manikensis E. E. longifolius mackenziei E. E. macrostrobilus E. middelburgensis E. marunguensisE.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. IUCN EW LC VU LC EN LC CR ­ guilielmi E. ­ PRE ­ LISC ­ PRE ­ PRE brachyphyllus friderici- var. trispinosus ?LT—tt. 6–7 BAS: E. Type ? ? ? ? ? BAS: ? H— H— H— ? H— ? ? BAS: E. horridus ? ? ? ? ? : 52 : 52 ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. 24: 40 24: 40 24: 41 4(4): 414, tt. 6–7 414, 4(4): 78(6): 410–411, fig. 3 410–411, 78(6): 3(1): 113 3(1): 113 3(1): 3(1): 111 3(1): 114 3(1): 114 3(1): 114 Physiol. Sada Sada Sada 283–288, t. 5 Sada 20 Sada Sada Prodr. de Candolle] [A. P. 532 16(2): Gard. Chron., 3 43: ser. 257 Gartenflora Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Trudy Imp. S.- Trudy Imp. S.- Trudy Imp. S.- Trudy Citation Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 2: Man. Pl. 40, Transvaal 1: fig. 4b 99, Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 7(1–2): 11–14 Fl. Pl. Africa 28: pl. 1100 Ill. Hort. misc.: 14, 79–80; pl. 15: 557 Imp. S.- Trudy J. S. pl. African 112–116, Bot. 31(2): Gartenflora Gartenflora Imp. S.- Trudy Imp. S.- Trudy Cycad. Monogr. Gard. Chron., n.s. 10(261): 810 Monogr. Cycad. Monogr. Phytologia 1951 1874 1874 1874 1874 1874 1874 1775 1875 1875 1875 1878 1867 1965 1985 1842 1842 1995 1838 1926 1868 1908 Date ­ Natal), ­ Natal) ­ guilielmi ­ guilielmi Swaziland E. caffer = E. = E. altensteinii E. caffer = E. = E. friderici- E. caffer = E. Distribution synonymy / E. caffer = E. South Africa (Limpopo) Mozambique (Nampula) South Africa (E Cape, KwaZulu- South Africa (KwaZulu- = E. altensteinii = E. altensteinii E. caffer = E. = E. altensteinii = E. altensteinii = E. altensteinii = E. paucidentatus = E. friderici- = E. altensteinii South Africa (E Cape) Mozambique, Swaziland Uganda (Western) Regel Regel Miq. Miq. Regel Regel ­ (Lehm. & Regel Regel Regel R.A.Dyer Lehm. & de Vriese Stapf & Burtt Davy var. friderici- var. spinosior var. distans Regel var. grandis var. macrophyllus var. parvifolius var. paucidentatus var. semidentatus var. angustifolius P.J.H.Hurter (Hook.) R.A.Dyer (Lehm.) Regel Thunb. Mast. var. brachyphyllus var. integrifolius var. unidentatus de Vriese) A.DC. guilielmi E. caffer E. E. caffer E. Synonyms and other names: caffra Cycas E. altensteinii E. brachyphyllus E. caffer E. E. cycadifolius Name E. transvenosus E. acanthus E. E. trispinosus E. turneri Lavranos & D.L.Goode umbeluziensis E. E. villosus Lem. whitelockii E. E. woodii Sander E. altensteinii E. altensteinii E. altensteinii E. altensteinii E. altensteinii E. altensteinii E. altensteinii

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued) ­ hallii ­ t. 5371 Z. lanuginosa ­ NHT ­ K ­ PRE ­ K ­ MEL ­ BM ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ BR lanuginosa fraseri denisonii ?LT— BAS: E. van- H— H— BAS: E. latifrons BAS: nanus E. BAS: Zamia BAS: E. latifrons ? ? H— H— BAS: hallianus E. BAS: ? H— BAS: Macrozamia H— H— AUT H— ? ? BAS: Macrozamia H— - 58(1–2): 58(1–2): 58(1–2): 58(1–2): 15: 368 15: : 59 : 57 : 58–59 ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. 25(14): 349 25(14): 4(4): 419 4(4): 2: 90 1957: 248 1957: 89: t. 5371 10(3): 181–183, figs.1–4 181–183, 10(3): 6(2): 426 6(2): 3(1): 111 5(4): 388, 5(4): figs. 2–5 figs. 1–2 Akad. Wetensch. ronm. 219–224 219–224 Physiol. Sada Victoria Pflanzenr. (Engler) 117 99 1): (IV. Novon Bot. Mag. Bot. J. E. Nat. Afr. Hist. 96(2): 193–201 Pflanzenr. (Engler) 117 99 1): (IV. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 367 2, ser. 10: Pflanzenr. (Engler) 117 99 1): (IV. Monogr. Cycad. Monogr. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 512 1932: S. African J. Bot. 363–366, 54(4): Monogr. Cycad. Monogr. Stirp.Nov. Pug. 6:14 Kew Bull. Cycad. Monogr. J. S. African Bot. 153 4: Gard. Chron. Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Envi Bothalia Bull. Jard. Bot.Bull. Belg. Natl. Jard. Bull. Jard. Bot.Bull. Belg. Natl. Jard. Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Trudy Imp. S.- Trudy Quart. Pharm. J. Trans. Soc. Australas. Chem. Druggist 84 4: 1874 1932 1957 1932 1932 1932 1859 1995 1938 1842 1842 1842 1954 1863 1838 1834 1863 1988 1868 1838 1988 1988 1885 2007 2006 ­ maraisii = E. horridus = E. latifrons E. kisambo E. E. hildebrandtii E. schaijesii nom. illeg.; E. equatorialis= E. = ? = E. horridus = E. trispinosus nom. illeg.; = E. latifrons = E. ferox = E. longifolius Macrozamia sp. = Macrozamia = E. longifolius = E. horridus E. dyerianus = E. manikensis = E. = ? = E. ghellinckii = Macrozamia fraseri = ? = E. cycadifolius = E. eugene- = E. middelburgensis = E. cycadifolius = Lepidozamia peroffskyana = Macrozamia dyeri E. lehmannii = E. - ­ Melville ( Jacq.) Hook. Miq. (de Vriese)(de (de Vriese)(de Gilliland (Lehm.) ­ hallii subsp. middelburgen subsp. eugene- I.Turner & Sclavo I.Turner var. dentatus var. tridens (Jacq.) Lehm. var. glaber Regel Vorster, Robbertse & S. Vorster (C.Moore & F.Muell.) F. Hutch. I.Verd. ­ maraisii ­ maraisii Mast. (Miq.) Miq. var. manikensis Lavranos & D.L.Goode J.Schust. J.Schust. J.Schust. Miq. Miq. van der Westh. sis maraisii Muell. E. horridus var. van- E. imbricans E. E. kanga Pócs & Q.Luke E. horridus var. nanus E. horridus var. trispinosus E. kosiensis E. horridus var. latifrons (Lehm.) E. horridus var. latifrons (Lehm.) Miq. E. lanuginosus E. lanuginosus E. E. gratus E. horridus var. lanuginosus E. hildebrandtii E. horridus var. hallianus E. graniticola E. E. gracilis E. E. fraseri E. flavistrobilus E. eugene- E. eximius E. eugene- E. cycadifolius denisonii E. E. dyeri F.Muell. E. elongatus Lehm.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. IUCN ­ guilielmi ­ t. 8C ­ t. 8C ­ MEL ­ MEL ­ MEL ­ MEL ­ U ­ K ­ BR preisii pauli- moorei spinulosus spinulosus ? H— ?LT— ? BAS: Macrozamia BAS: Z. pungens LT— H— BAS: Macrozamia ?LT— ? H— H— LT— ? BAS: Macrozamia ? ? BAS: E. H— Type ? BAS: E. 5: 5: 15: 368 15: 15: 370 15: 15: 370 15: : 4, t. 8 5: 172 5: 3(18): 38 3(18): 11: 125 11: : 48 : 55–56 : 56 ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. 4(4): 419, t. 8c 419, 4(4): 4(4): 421, t. 8c 421, 4(4): 2: 90 2: 90 29–30: 3–5 issued (1989 3(1): 113 3(1): 1991 Oct. 24)1991 Akad. Wetensch. Victoria Physiol. Akad. Wetensch. Victoria 187–189 Akad. Wetensch. Physiol. Sada Delpinoa Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Quart. Pharm. J. Trans. Soc. Nov. Stirp.Nov. Pug. 6:13 Retail List [Bull] Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. (Mueller)Fragm. Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Quart. Pharm. J. Trans. Soc. Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. Gesch. Natuurl. Tijdschr. Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Fragm. (Mueller)Fragm. Monogr. Cycad. Monogr. Fragm. (Mueller)Fragm. Trudy Imp. S.- Trudy Cycad. Monogr. Prodr. de Candolle] [A. P. 531 16(2): Bull. Soc. Bot. Roy. Belgique 39: 80 Monogr. Cycad. Monogr. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 115 99 1): (IV. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 115 99 1): (IV. Citation 1874 1859 1991 1932 1932 1858 1881 1862 1842 1842 1863 1838 1842 1838 1863 1834 1889 1838 1863 1866 1868 1900 Date ­ guilielmi nom. illeg. nomen dubium nomen = E. altensteinii Macrozamia miquelii = Macrozamia Macrozamia diplomera = Macrozamia Macrozamia = Macrozamia pauli- riedlei= Macrozamia. E. lehmannii = E. Macrozamia riedlei= Macrozamia E. altensteinii Macrozamia miquelii = Macrozamia E. longifolius = Macrozamia macdonnellii = E. horridus Macrozamia moorei = Macrozamia = E. longifolius = E. longifolius E. lehmannii = E. = E. poggei = E. longifolius E. lehmannii = E. E. lehmannii = E. Distribution synonymy / Miq. (Lehm.) Miq. Regel (Lehm.) F.Muell. Regel ex Miq. (W.Hill & F.Muell.) De Wild. & T. F.Muell. ex Miq. Miq. Lehm. var. latifolius var. revolutus var. angustifolius f. spinulosus var. spinulosus f. dentatus Miq. (L.f.) Lehm. F.Muell. var. diplomera var. major (F.Muell.) F.Muell. W.Bull ­ guilielmi Lehm. Moretti F.Muell. Regel Durand J.Schust. J.Schust. E. sclavoi & A. De Luca, D.W.Stev. E. spiralis E. pungensE. E. regalis E. spinulosus E. spiralis E. pauli- E. preisii (Lehm.) F.Muell. E. oldfieldii E. miquelii E. mauritianus E. marumii de Vriese E. moorei E. macdonnellii E. nanus E. E. longifolius E. longifolius E. lemarinelianus E. E. longifolius E. lehmannii E. E. lehmannii E. Name E. lehmannii E.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued) VU LC LC EN VU LC LC LC VU var. Encephalartos ­ NSW ­ K ­ PRE ­ PRE ­ LE ­ BRI ­ PRE ­ K ­ BRI ­ BRI ­ BRI ­ BRI hildebrandtii spiralis diplomera H— ? ? H— H— ? BAS: E. ? ? H— H— H— H— H— H— BAS: H— BAS: Z. spiralis H— H— ? BAS: Z. tridentata ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. .: 35 .: 25(14): 349 25(14): 22(47): 1107 22(47): 1107 4(2): 273–275, 4(2): fig. 2 4(2): 271–273, fig. 1 271–273, 4(2): 4(2): 275–276, 4(2): fig. 3 48: 717 48: 718 39: 238 39: 238 25: 6 4(4): 422 4(4): 30: 182 30: 184–185, fig. 21 84(1): 98 84(1): 84(1): 98 84(1): 3(1): 111 figs. 1–3 Sada Moscou ser. 2, Moscou ser. 2, Physiol. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 935 76(3): Monogr. Cycad Monogr. Fl. Australia Gard. Chron. S. African J. Bot. 54(5): 487–490, Imp. S.- Trudy Gartenflora Gartenflora Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Gartenflora Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, Gard. Chron. Austrobaileya S. African J. Bot. 71 62(2): Austrobaileya Fl. Australia Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Gard. Chron. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, Austrobaileya Nov. Stirp.Nov. Pug. 6:13 Man. Pl. 40 Transvaal 1: & 99 S. African J. 347 Bot. 61(6): Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Nov. Stirp.Nov. Pug. 6:13 1874 1959 1959 1876 1857 1857 1842 1989 1865 1995 1865 1994 1994 1994 1998 1996 1998 1926 1838 1868 1834 1988 1890 1890 1834 Australia (Qld) nomen dubium nomen = E. hildebrandtii E. caffer = E. = E. villosus kisambo = E. Australia (Qld) Australia (NSW) Lepidozamia hopei= Lepidozamia Australia (Qld) Australia (Qld) Australia (NSW) = E. dolomiticus Australia (NSW, Qld) = LEPIDOZAMIA Australia (NSW) Australia (Qld) Macrozamia spiralis = Macrozamia = E. villosus E. whitelockii = E. nubimontanus = E. Macrozamia sp. = Macrozamia = E. horridus (A.Braun & P.Hennings W. Hill Regel species: (2 Miq. (41 species: Miq. (41 Regel Regel P.I.Forst. & D.L.Jones (Willd.) Lehm. L.A.S.Johnson (F.Muell.) Vorster, Robbertse & P.I.Forst. & D.L.Jones de Vriese D.L.Jones Mast. Stapf & Burtt Davy (Salisb.) Lehm. D.L.Jones & P.I.Forst. W. Hill ­ hallii Australia) Australia) C.D.Bouché) P.Hennings Sclavo S.van der Westh. L.A.S.Johnson LEPIDOZAMIA MACROZAMIA M. cardiacensis communis M. E. vroomii E. verschaffeltii E. villosus f. hildebrandtii E. villosus f. intermedius E. voiensis A.Moretti, & D.W.Stev. L. hopei Regel concinnaM. *L. peroffskyana hopei C. M. crassifoliaM. M. cranei E. spiralis M. conferta D.L.Jones & P.I.Forst. E. verrucosus Synonyms and other names: CATAKIDOZAMIA M. diplomeraM. E. striatus E. successibus Vorster E. venetus Vorster E. tridentatus E. van-

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. VU EN VU EN VU NT LC VU LC LC EN NT LC IUCN LC LC LC LC LC VU LC NT LC EN EN LC LC - - -

­ guilielmi M. ­ MEL ­ MEL ­ MEL ­ U ­ NSW ­ CANB ­ CANB ­ CANB ­ CANB ­ CANB ­ CANB ­ MEL ­ NSW ­ NSW ­ NSW ­ NSW ­ NSW ­ BRI ­ BRI ­ BRI ­ BRI ­ BRI pauli- subsp. plurinervia tos macdonnelliitos tos miqueliitos tos dyeri BAS: H— H— H— N— H— H— BAS: Encephalar H— H— H— H— Type ?H— BAS: Encephalar H— ?H— LT— H— H— BAS: Encephalar H— H— ?H— H— H— ?H— : 3 : 500 1(4): 86 1(4): : 37 3(3): 484 3(3): 4(2): 279–281, 4(2): fig. 6 4(2): 278, 4(2): fig. 5 4(2): 276 3(3): 483 3(3): 3(3): 481 3(3): 48: 717 48: 717 48: 719 48: 718–719 48: 718 84(1): 102 84(1): 5(1): 31 5(1): ser. 2, 122 120 121 Queensland Agric. 356 J. 3: Austrobaileya Fragm. (Mueller)Fragm. Austrobaileya Syn. Queensl. Fl. Suppl. 50 1: Austrobaileya Prodr. de Candolle] [A. P. 537 16(2): Austrobaileya Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, Fl. Australia Austrobaileya Australas. Chem. Druggist 84 4: Prodr. de Candolle] [A. P. 535 16(2): Fl. Australia Arch. Néerl. Sci. Exact. Nat. 250 3: J. Proc. Soc. Roy. New S. Wales 17: Fl. Australia Telopea Fl. Australia J. Proc. Soc. Roy. New S. Wales 17: Fl. Australia Citation J. Proc. Soc. Roy. New S. Wales 17: Austrobaileya Enum. Pl. Austral. Occ. Monogr. Cycad. Monogr. Syn. Queensl. Fl. 1959 1859 1991 1991 1991 1881 1994 1994 1994 1898 1842 1930 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1868 1992 1868 1868 1886 1883 1884 1884 1884 Date Australia (NSW, Qld) Australia (Qld) Australia (Qld) Australia (Qld) Australia (Qld) Australia (Qld) Australia (Qld) Australia (NT) Australia Australia (Qld) Australia (NSW, Qld) Australia (Qld) Australia (NSW) Australia (Qld) Australia (Qld) Australia (Qld) Australia (NSW) Australia (NSW) Australia (NSW) Australia (NSW) Australia (NSW) Australia (NSW) Distribution synonymy / Australia (NSW) Australia (Qld) Australia (WA) Australia (WA) Australia (Qld) F.M.Bailey W.Hill & F.Muell. D.L.Jones (F.Muell. ex Miq.) D.L.Jones F.M.Bailey (L.A.S.Johnson) C.Moore P.I.Forst. & D.L.Jones D.L.Jones D.L.Jones & K.D.Hill P.I.Forst. & D.L.Jones W.Hill ex F.M.Bailey Miq. P.I.Forst. & D.L.Jones C.Moore C.Moore (F.Muell.) A.DC. F.Muell. ­ guilielmi Miq. D.L.Jones A.DC. M. plurinerviaM. M. M. pauli- platyrhachis M. M. parcifoliaM. M. mountperriensisM. M. occidua D.L.Jones & P.I.Forst. M. macleayiM. M. machiniiM. M. macdonnelliiM. M. longispinaM. M. lucida L.A.S.Johnson M. lomandroidesM. M. montana K.D.Hill moorei M. M. miqueliiM. M. heteromeraM. M. humilis D.L.Jones johnsoniiM. M. glaucophylla M. M. fearnsideiM. M. elegans K.D.Hill & D.L.Jones fawcettiiM. Name M. fraseri M. flexuosa M. douglasiiM. M. dyeri (F.Muell.) C.A.Gardner

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued) EN LC LC LC NT NT VU EN CR VU - NB I I I W W W EL EL . 5943 ­ M ­ t ­ M ­ CA ­ NS ­ NS ­ NS ­ NSW ­ P ­ BR ­ BR ­ BR spiralis tos oldfieldiitos eriopus peroffskyana BAS: Zamia H— H— H— H— H— LT— H— LT— H— BAS: M. flexuosa H— LT— H— ? BAS: Z. tridentata BAS: Z. calocoma : 3 1(2): 41 1(2): : 36 6(1): 90–92, 6(1): figs. 4(2): 281–283, 4(2): fig. 7 48: 718 48: 718 25: 229 98: t. 5943 84(1): 106 84(1): 84(1): 109 84(1): 108 84(1): 20–21 ser. 2, 119 ser. 2, ser. 2, 228 Austrobaileya Fl. Australia Fl. Australia Monogr. Cycad. Monogr. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, J. Proc. Soc. Roy. New S. Wales 17: Fragm. (Mueller)Fragm. 1(17): 532Gard. Chron., n.s. 1(17): 665Gard. Chron., n.s. 7(178): ? Bot. Mag. Bot. Syn. Queensl. Fl. Suppl. 52 1: ? Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, Enum. Pl. Austral. Occ. J. Proc. Soc. Roy. 122 New S. Wales 17: Austrobaileya Prodr. de Candolle] [A. P. 535 16(2): BAS:Encephalar Nov. Stirp.Nov. Pug. 31 8: Gartenflora Prodr. de 538 Candolle] [A. P. 16(2): Hist. Pl. (Baillon) 12: 68, in adnot. BAS:Lomaria Prodr. de 538 Candolle] [A. P. 16(2): Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 1(17): 532Gard. Chron., n.s. 1(17): ? Arch. Néerl. Sci. Exact. Nat. 252 3: BAS: Lepidozamia 1874 1874 1959 1959 1959 1876 1872 1853 1858 1842 1894 1930 1994 1877 1998 1998 1868 1868 1868 1868 1886 1884 1884 1844 2001 tal) ­ Na sp . M. miquelii = M. M. miqueliiM. M. plurinerviaM. nomen dubium nomen hopeiLepidozamia M. flexuosa Lepidozamia peroffskyana M. spiralis M. M. riedlei Lepidozamia peroffskyana M. riedlei Australia (NSW) Australia (NSW) nom. illeg.; Australia (NSW) Australia (Qld) = = = = Australia (WA) Australia (NSW) Australia (Qld) = = = = Cuba (Pinar del Río) South Africa (E Cape, KwaZulu- nomen dubium nomen = nomen d ubium; = Macrozamia = (C. - (Miq.) A.DC. (1 subsp. pluri subsp. flexuosa T.Moore (1 species: T.Moore (1 (Regel) Miq. D.L.Jones D.L.Jones & P.I.Forst. L.A.S.Johnson (Willd.) Regel C.Moore W.Bull C.Moore & F.Muell. Hook.f. (Miq.) A.DC. W.Bull C.Moore (Kunze) Baill. (Gaudich.) C.A.Gardner uilielmi uilielmi (Salisb.) Miq. Lehm. D.L.Jones & P.I.Forst. ­ g ­ g nervia L.A.S.Johnson Moore) L.A.S.JohnsonMoore) species: Cuba) South Africa) . secunda M. polymorpha M. stenomera M. reducta K.D.Hill & D.L.Jones*M. riedlei M Australia (NSW) M. spiralis M. viridis M. cylindrica M. denisonii M. serpentina Synonyms and other names: M. corallipes M. mackenziei Hort. ex Mast. M. oldfieldii M. pauli- M. cylindrica M. hopei W.Hill M. M. pauli- M. tridentata M. peroffskyana MICROCYCAS * M. calocoma (Miq.) A.DC. STANGERIA eriopus *S. M. preissii M. plumosa

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. NT VU, [EN] VU EN EN CR [CR] VU EN IUCN NT VU NT NT VU CR 3, ­ NA ­ USJ ­ t. 43 ­ K ­ COL ­ COL C ­ ­ MO ­ MEXU ­ NY ­ NY ­ BRH ­ LE ­ INPA Icon. Pl. Rar. [Jacquin] 1792 boliviana NT— LT— H— H— H— H— H— H— H— Type LT—pl. 636 in LT—pl. H— H— LT— LT— ? H— 8(2): 267 8(2): 21: 40–42,) 21: 21: 38–40,) 21: 21: 33, fig. 3) 21: 3: 263 3: + + + mer., Bot.mer., 194 3: ­ A 23: t. 163, 798 72: 8 149(3): 351 149(3): 50(6): 401–404 85(6): 389 85(6): publ. (1998 21 45(1): 6, fig. 3 45(1): 45(1): 5–6, 45(1): fig. 2 13: 152 fig. 5 Aug. 2003) fig. 4 figs. 1–3 228 Fl. Colombia (1983 Herb. Natl. U.S. Contr. Phytologia Phytologia Fl. Colombia (1983 Brittonia J. Bot. Res. 31–41, Inst. 3(1): Texas Brittonia Bot. Gaz. Citation Collectanea [Jacquin] Cat. (Bull) Prodr. de Candolle] [A. P. 540 16(2): BAS:Ceratozamia Sp. ed. Pl., 2. 2: 1659 Biol. Cent.- Gard. Chron., n.s. 10(261): 810 HeraldBot. 6: 201–203, Voy. t. 43 Linnaea Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: Gartenflora Fl. Colombia (1983 1874 1763 1789 1982 1878 1872 1993 1853 1839 1903 1993 1854 1988 1868 1884 2001 2001 2001 2003 2009 Date ­ dor ­ ua antiago, Napo, Sucum- a) ­ S ­ c ­ i Panama (Chiriquí) Wargandi, Kuna Yala) Cruz), Brazil (Mato Grosso) namo, Oriente, Santiago de Cuba) (Amazonas, Vaupés), Ec (Morona- Perubíos), (Loreto), S Venezuela S. eriopus S. S. eriopus S. S. eriopus S. Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico Colombia (Santander) Costa Rica (Puntarenas, San José), Panama (Colón, Kuna Yala) Panama (Colón, Kuna Yala) Colombia (Antioquia) Belize (Cayo, Stann Creek, Toledo) Mexico (Tabasco) Distribution synonymy / Colombia (Chocó, Valle del Cauca) S. eriopus = S. Bahamas (Eleuthera), Cuba (Guantá- Costa Rica (San José) = = = Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia, ­ Collins ​ . ­ N ​ . oese D.W.Stev. Schutzman, Vovides Kunze L.D.Gómez Vovides, Schutzman & Jacq. D.W.Stev. Calonje, Meerman, ­ Cook & G Oerst. ex Dyer . & H ​ . W.Bull ex Mast. Colombia (Valle del Cauca) W.Bull (Brongn.) A.DC. Bolivia (El Beni, Cochabamba, Santa T.Moore ­ F f D.W.Stev. ​ . D.W.Stev. & Sabato D.W.Stev. Seem. O & R.S.Adams & M.P.Gri Dehgan Z. erosa Z. fairchildiana Z. encephalartoides Z. elegantissima Z. dressleri Z. disodon Z. decumbens Z. cunaria Dressler & D.W.Stev. Panama (Colón, Panamá, Kuna de Name Z. amplifolia Z. boliviana Z. chigua Z. cremnophila ZAMIA L. (77 species: South, Central & North Amer Z. acuminata Synonyms and other names: Lomaria eriopus S. paradoxa S. schizodon Z. amazonum Z. angustifolia S. katzeri Regel

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued) EN EN EN [NE} [NE} [NE} [NE} [NE} NT CR [VU] CR [CR] [VU] VU [CR] CR [CR] [CR] EN EN , 1698 ­ U ­ COAH ­ CR ­ QCNE ­ NY ­ FLAS ­ US ­ HUA ­ HEM ­ BM ­ PMA ­ PMA katzeriana Herm. Parad. Bat. Ceratozamia BAS: Ceratozamia H— H— BAS: Z. umbrosa BAS: silvicola Z. AUT BAS: Z. floridana FLAS H— H— ­ XAL H— H— H— H— ­ TOLI H— H— H— H— H— LT—pl. 210 in LT—pl. NT— ­ f 21: 43–44,) 21: + 1(1): 20 1(1): 26: 22–24, fig. 3 45: 148–149, fig. 31 148–149, 45: 98(3): 174 98(3): 176 98(3): 174 98(3): 175 98(3): 175 2: 29–34, figs.1–3 45(1): 7–9, fig. 4 7–9, 45(1): 34(2): 283–290 73–74: 29–33, 73–74: fig. 1 8(4): 441–446, 8(4): figs.1–3 8(1): 12–14, fig. 1a- 12–14, 8(1): figs.11 7c, 8c, fig. 6 figs.7a, 6, 8a fig. 1 Gartenflora Novon Brittonia Phytologia Phytologia Phytologia Phytologia Hort. Aiton) 478 Kew. 3: (W. Phytologia Fl. Veracruz Fl. Colombia (1983 Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 399–429, 158(3): Phytotaxa Caldasia Brenesia Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 399–429, 158(3): J. Wash. Acad.J. Wash. 93–94, Sci. 14(4): Nordic J. Bot. 30(5): 565–570 Hort. Aiton) 477 Kew. 3: (W. Novon Hort. Vanhoutt. 1789 1789 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 1993 1896 1998 2010 1983 1845 1924 1998 2012 2012 2001 2009 2008 2008 dor ­ ua ­ dor (Carchi, Esmeraldas) United States (Florida, Georgia) Santander) (Quetzaltenango Retalhuleu, Santa Rosa, Suchitepéquez), Mexico (Chiapas) Potosí, Tamaulipas) Mexico (Chiapas, Tabasco, Veracruz) Mexico (Chiapas) Panama (Panamá, Kuna Yala) United States (Florida) United States (Florida) United States (Florida) United States (Florida) United States (Florida) Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Mexico (Veracruz) Panama (Coclé, Panamá, Veraguas) Colombia (Huila) Colombia (Amazonas), Peru (Loreto) Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Costa Rica (Limón) Panama (Bocas del Toro) El Salvador (Sonsonate), GuatemalaEl Salvador (Sonsonate), Mexico (Chiapas) Ec Mexico (Hidalgo, Querétaro, San Luis Mexico (Veracruz)

(A.DC.) (Small) (Small) D.B.Ward ­ Farr., Vovides & D.W.Stev. var. umbrosa var. silvicola var. integrifolia var. floridana var. broomei L.f. Schutzman & Vovides L.f. A.S.Taylor, J.L.Haynes & D.W.Stev. A.Lindstr. & Idárraga S.Calderón & Standl. Dodson ­ Camilo D.B.Ward D.B.Ward D.B.Ward Torres Holzman D.W.Stev. Mart.- Holzman Z. lacandona Z. katzeriana (Regel) E.Rettig Z. ipetiensis Z. integrifolia Z. integrifolia Z. integrifolia Z. integrifolia Z. integrifolia Z. integrifolia Z. inermis Vovides, J.D.Rees & Vázq. Z. imperialis A.S.Taylor, J.L.Haynes & Z. incognita Z. grijalvensis Pérez- Z. huilensis Calonje, H.E.Esquivel & Z. hymenophyllidia Z. gomeziana R.H.Acuña Z. hamannii herrerae Z. Z. gentryi Z. fischeri Miq. Z. furfuracea

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. NT [EN] [CR] VU NT IUCN CR NT CR EN, [CR] [DD] EN CR [DD] NT [EN] NT ­ W ­ U ­ t. 926, fig. e ­ K icone ­ icone s.n. ­ BM ­ NY ­ COL ­ MO ­ MG ­ PMA ­ PMA ­ PMA ­ NY ­ NY ­ B- ­ BRH in Gartenflora 27, 1878 N— H— H— H— H— Type H— N— H— LT— H— H— LT— LT— H— LT— H— 10: 10: 21: 55, fig. 11 ) 21: + : 185–186, fig. 14.7 ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. : 376 : 376–377 81: 219, 223, figs. 219, 81: 1–3 98(2): 27–42, figs. 6–7 45(1): 10, fig. 5 10, 45(1): 4(4): 310, t. 926, 310, fig. 4(4): e figs. 10 7b, 8b, Wiss. Berlin 72–73 Wiss. Berlin Recommend. s.n. 9–10, pls 1–2 Sada figs. 1–2 Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 399–429, 158(3): Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Phytotaxa Brittonia 4: 847–848 Sp. ed. Pl., 2. 4: Citation Bot. Gaz. Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. Gesch. Natuurl. Tijdschr. Bull. New Bot. York 311 Gard. 5(18): Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Cycad Classific. Concepts & Allg. Gartenzeitung fig. 145–146, 19: Ill. Hort. 22: 23, pl. 195 Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: Fl. Colombia (1983 Trudy Imp. S.- Trudy J. Bot. Res. 23–29, Inst. 3(1): Texas 1851 1915 1875 1876 1875 1875 1993 1843 2013 1926 1907 1806 2001 2008 2009 2004 Date ­ dor (Azuay, Bolivar, Chimborazo, ­ ua del Cauca), Costa Rica (Puntarenas), Panama (Darién, Panamá) Atlántico Sur), Panama (Bocas del Toro) Venezuela (Carabobo, Falcón, Guárico, Lara, Miranda, Yaracuy) Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) El Oro, Esmeraldas, Guayas, Los Ríos, Manabi, Pichincha), Perú (Tumbes) Venezuela (Amazonas) (Darién) Santander) Panama (Bocas del Toro) Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó, Valle Costa Rica, Nicaragua (Río San Juan, Panama (Coclé) Colombia (La Guajira, Meta), Distribution synonymy / Guatemala (Alta Verapaz) Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Bahamas (Abaco, Long Island) Colombia (Antioquia, Risaralda) Peru (Loreto) Panama (Bocas Chiriquí) del Toro, Ec Brazil (Pará), Colombia (Amazonas), Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó), Panama Colombia (Antioquia, Córdoba, Córdoba, (Antioquia, Colombia Belize (Belize, Cayo, Toledo) D.W.Stev. D.W.Stev. D.W.Stev. Calonje Chamb. Miq. Linden ex Regel Britton Ducke Regel ex André A.Lindstr., Calonje, Holzman D.W.Stev. & A.S.Taylor D.W.Stev. Z. nesophila A.S.Taylor, J.L.Haynes & Z. neurophyllidia Z. obliqua A.Braun Z. nana Z. Z. muricata Willd. Z. lucayana Z. Name Z. monticola Z. macrochiera Z. loddigesii Z. lecointei Z. montana A.Braun Z. manicata Z. lindleyi Warsz. ex A.Dietr. Z. lindenii Z. melanorrhachis Z. meermanii

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued) VU EN VU CR CR NT [CR] NT EN CR NT NT NT CR [NT] NT EN DD, [EN] NT [CR] VU

Horti ­ DC ­ fig. s.n. ­ fig. 86 ­ K ­ F ­ t. 58 in ­ NY ­ CHOCO ­ G- ­ CR ­ FLAS ­ FTG ­ F ­ K ­ BM ­ BM ­ FMB restrepoi Med. Amstelod 1, 1697 H— H— H— H— H— BAS: Chigua H— LT— H— ­ TEFH H— H— ­ XAL H— H— LT— LT— LT— IT— LT— H— H— ­ TEFH H— ­ TEFH : 20 1(2): 291 1(2): 90: 10 26: 28–31, fig. 5 149(3): 347–351, figs.1–3 347–351, 149(3): 55(5): 299–303 55(5): 42: t.1741 14(2): 214–219, figs.1–2 214–219, 14(2): 62(1): 80–85, 62(1): figs.1–2 58(1): 268 58(1): 35(1): 141 35(1): 46(1): 41–42, figs. 46(1): 1–10 49(1): 135–136, figs. 49(1): 1–6 42, figs. 46(1): 11–13 109 27(105): 486–490 Syst. Bot. Syst. Prodr. de Candolle] [A. P. 539 16(2): Phytologia Bot. Gaz. Taxon Allg. Gartenzeitung 146, fig. 19: s.n. Cat. GeneralCat. Ceiba Brittonia Bot. Voy. HeraldBot. 6: 201–203, Voy. 253 Fl. Veracruz Mag. Bot. Taxon Sp. ed. Pl., 2. 2: 1659 Retail List [Bull] Amer. Foss. Cycads 2: 212, fig. 86 Symb. Antill. Fl. Bras. (Martius) t. 414–416, 4(1): Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. Ceiba Ceiba 1916 1851 1815 1763 1873 1989 1881 2010 1854 1983 1984 1868 1986 1988 1899 1863 2003 2009 2006 2008 2006 dor ­ dor (Esmeraldas, ­ ua (Atlántida, Colón, Cortés, Olancho, Yoro) Barbara, Santa Cauca), Cauca), Ec Imbabura) Colón, Veraguas) (Chiriquí) Rico Stann Creek, Toledo), Guatemala Stann Toledo), Creek, Chiapas, Mexico (Campeche, (Petén), Tabasco, Quintana Roo, Yucatán) Michoacán, Nayarit,Michoacán, Oaxaca) Huánuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Martin, Ucayali) Guatemala (Izabal), Honduras Mexico (Oaxaca) Mexico Mexico (Chiapas, Tabasco, Veracruz) Panama (Bocas del Toro) Mexico (Chiapas) Colombia (Chocó, Nariño, Valle del Honduras (Atlántida) Colombia (Córdoba) Colombia Colombia (Chocó) Panama (Bocas Coclé, del Toro, (Oaxaca, Veracruz) Mexico Cuba (W Cuba, Isla de la Juventud) Costa Rica (Puntarenas), Panama Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Belize (Belize, Cayo, Orange Walk, W Puerto Rico Honduras (Cortés) Honduras (Atlántida) Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Brazil (Acre), Peru (Amazonas, Colombia (Risaralda) L.D.Gómez ex J.Yates Schutzman, Vovides Urb. Mart. & Eichler Calonje, D.W.Stev. & Calonje, D.W.Stev. E.Calderón & D.W.Stev. C.Nelson Schutzman Schutzman Vovides, J.D.Rees & Sims L. (D.W.Stev.) A.Lindstr. (D.W.Stev.) W.Bull A.DC. Linden ­ reyesii C.Nelson & Sandoval & Dehgan& A.Lindstr. Vázq.Torres D.W.Stev. & Sabato D.W.Stev. Z. standleyi Z. spartea Z. splendens Z. roezlii sandovalii Z. Z. restrepoi Z. skinneri Warsz. ex A.Dietr. Z. soconuscensis Z. pyrophylla Z. pseudoparasitica Z. *Z. pumila Z. purpurea Z. pygmaea Z. pseudomonticola Z. portoricensis Z. prasina Z. onan- Z. poeppigiana Z. oligodonta Z. oreillyi C.Nelson Z. paucijuga Wieland

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. CR CR EN CR NT NT [CR] VU IUCN [CR] ­ S ­ HBG ­ NY ­ COL ­ COL ­ US ­ NY ­ LE ­ U ­ PMA LT— BAS: Z.lindenii BAS: Z.montana H— BAS: Z. roezlii BAS: Z. skinneri H— ­ W N— H— BAS: Z. wallisii LT— H— H— H— H— ­ TOLI Type H— H— - 3(4):183 ­ h : 376 25: 141 25: 141 25: 141 25: 141 25: 141 25: 143 25: 143 35(1): 8, pl. 1 35(1): 37–38: 9–17 , figs. 9–17 37–38: 1–4 63(4): 442–451 63(4): , figs.1–2 48: 117–118 Wiss. Berlin (1995–96 issued 1998) burg 169–172, fig. 1i 169–172, 169–172 169–172, figs.169–172, 1a- figs. 1–4 Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam Wetensch. Inst. Gartenflora Gartenflora Gartenflora Gartenflora Gartenflora Gartenflora Linzer Biol. Beitr. 28(2): 1056 Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Allg. Gartenzeitung 252–253 13: Delpinoa Gartenflora Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Branden Mem. New Bot. York Gard. 57: Mem. New Bot. York Gard. 57: Bot. Gaz. Mem. New Bot. York Gard. 57: Brittonia Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 335–344, 78(4): Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Citation 1851 1876 1876 1876 1876 1876 1876 1876 1875 2011 1845 1996 1998 1903 1907 1990 1990 2012 Date ­ dor (Napo, ­ ua Verapaz, Izabal), Mexico (Chiapas) Pastaza, Sucumbíos), Peru (Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali) Amazonas, Rondônia), Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Guainía, Putumayo, Ec Vaupés), = ZAMIA = Z. lindenii = Z. montana = Z. chigua = Z. roezlii = Z. skinneri Mexico (Veracruz) Colombia (Antioquia) Belize Guatemala (Toledo), (Alta = Z. wallisii Bolivia (Pando), Brazil (Acre, Peru (Huánuco) = Z. restrepoi = ZAMIA Guatemala (Alta Verapaz) = Z. restrepoi Colombia (Tolima) Panama (Panamá) Cuba (Oriente) Distribution synonymy / Regel Donn.Sm. (A.Braun) Regel A.S.Taylor & Holzman D.W.Stev., Sabato & De D.W.Stev., D.W.Stev. (Warsz. ex A.Dietrich) Warsz. D.W.Stev. Regel (Regel ex André) Regel A.Braun (A.Braun) Regel (Linden) Regel Regel Luca D.W.Stev. Synonyms and other names: AULACOPHYLLUM A. lindeniiA. A. montanum A. A. ortgiesiiA. A. roezlii A. *A. skinneri wallisiiA. Z. variegata Z. vazquezii Z. wallisii CHIGUA Z. ulei Dammer Z. urep B.Wal ln. C. bernalii D.W.Stev. *C. restrepoi Z. tuerckheimii Z. tolimensis Calonje, H.E.Esquivel & Name Z. stevensonii Z. stricta Miq.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. (continued)

C.J. Horti ­ DC ­ DC ­ G- ­ t. 26 in ­ t. 58 in ­ G- ­ NY ­ C ­ NY ­ U ­ F ­ NY ­ P ­ FLAS angustissima Trew, Pl. Select.Trew, t. 26 (G) Med. Amstelod 1, 1697 H— H— BAS: Z. yatesii BAS: Z. N— ­ LE H— H— Cycas caffra BAS: Cycas H— ? N— ? N— H— LT—pl. 1 BAS: Z. umbrosa LT— H— ? LT— LT— ?LT—tt. 25–26 ?LT—tt. ? ? 3(4): 3(4): 2: 89 31(2/3): 22–26, figs 31(2/3): ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. 25(14): 349 25(14): Amer., Bot.­ Amer., 195 3: : 27, tt.: 27, 25–26 27: 13 27: 27: 13 27: 12:24 Suppl. Pl.: 443 4(4): 308 4(4): 11(3): 363 11(3): 2:23 ­ bean Forest. 8: 733 8: ­ rib Ser. pl. 3 1–16, 18–19 Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam Wetensch. Inst. 184 Sada pl. 1 Physiol. Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Fairchild Gard. Bull. Trop. 26 42(3): Gartenflora Gartenflora Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 249, 13: 3, ser. Newslett. Cycad Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 92 Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Trudy Imp. S.- Trudy Gard. Chron. Fl. Serres 141 Jard. Eur. 7(6): Pflanzenr. (Engler) 153 99 1): (IV. Ca Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 20, 3: Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Prodr. de Candolle] [A. P. 541 16(2): Novon Biol. Cent.- Prodr. de Candolle] [A. P. 544 16(2): Syll. Pl. 2:53 Nov. Hort. Aiton) 478 Kew. 3: (W. Fragm. Bot.Fragm. Suppl. Pl. Flora 1851 1941 1876 1789 1782 1852 1932 1878 1878 1987 1849 1845 1801 1868 1825 1922 1868 1868 1828 1884 1900 1800 2001 2008 ­ reyesii = Z. pumila = Z. erosa = Z. angustifolia = Z. angustifolia = Encephalartos caffer = Z. onan- = Z. angustifolia nom. illeg. = Z. boliviana = Z. poeppigiana = Z. pygmaea Microcycas calocoma = Microcycas = Z. angustifolia = Z. ulei = Z. loddigesii = Z. furfuracea = Z. loddigesii = Z. integrifolia = Z. integrifolia = Z. integrifolia = Encephalartos cycadifolius = Encephalartos caffer = Z. pumila nom. illeg. (Miq.) (Small) (Miq.) Regel (Miq.) Carabia Millsp. D.W.Stev. J.Schust. Hort. ex Regel Mast. Miq. Wedd. var yatesii var. angustissima Ducke Dyer Jacq. S.Brunner var. trewii A.DC. Miq. Schutzman, R.S.Adams, ­ armourii Voigt de Vriese (Thunb.) Thunb. Regel J.L.Haynes & Whitelock D.B.Ward Z. allison- Z. amblyphyllidia Z. angustifolia Z. angustifolia Z. angustissima Z. brongniartii Z. bussellii Z. caffra Z. calocoma Z. baraquiniana Z. Z. baraquiniana Z. Z. guggenheimiana Z. chamberlainii Z. cupatiensis Z. cycadifolia Z. galeotti Z. furfuracea Z. floridana A.DC. Z. floridana var. umbrosa Z. cycadifolia Z. dentata Z. cycadifolia Z. cycadis L.f. Z. debilis L.f.

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. IUCN 6, 19, 19, ­ DC t. 7, fig. a ­ t. 7, in t. 7, fig. a ­ t. 7, in ­ t. 186, figs ­ t. 29 ­ LE ­ OXF ­ NY ­ GH ­ G- ­ GH ­ U ­ U ­ U ­ HAC ­ U ­ U ­ LAU ­ LE ­ LE Linnaea 1847 Linnaea 1847 27–28 in Gartenflora 1857 Type H— H— LT— ?LT—tt. 28 ? H— H— H— H— N— ? H— H— LT— ?LT—tt. 30–31 H— H— t. 398 H— H— LT— LT— LT— H— 10: 10: : 400 : 400 : 13–14, 25–26: 13–14, : 71, t. 8 : 71, : 66 ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. ­ Peterburgsk. Bot. Natuurk. Wetensch. 2(4): 298 Amer., Bot.­ Amer., 195 3: : 27, t. 28: 27, : 28, tt. 30–31 : 28, t. 29 30: 190 30: 190 19: 425 19: 18(1): 97–98 18(1): 15: 2, 15: fig.p. 5 s.n. 4(4): 307 4(4): 4(4): 307 4(4): 54–55 Sada Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Sada 71–72 Moscou 397, 398 397, Moscou Citation Anales Acad. Ci. Med. Habana 5: Bull. Soc. Sci. Vaud. 278 Nat. 11: Fragm. Bot.Fragm. Linnaea Imp. S.- Trudy Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton Mutisia Biol. Cent.- Tijdschr. Wis- ­ Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton Imp. S.- Trudy Monogr. Cycad. Monogr. Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. Gesch. Natuurl. Tijdschr. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Fragm. Bot.Fragm. Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. tt. 77, 3: Linnaea Prodr. Syst. Cycad. Prodr. de Candolle] [A. P. 545 16(2): Monogr. Cycad. Monogr. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Pflanzenr. (Engler) 147 99 1): (IV. Fragm. Bot.Fragm. Bot. Mus. pl. 18 Leafl. 114, 18: 1861 1876 1876 1796 1796 1953 1798 1857 1932 1847 1857 1872 1958 1801 1843 1801 1849 1842 1801 1842 1868 1868 1884 1844 Date Distribution synonymy / = Z. muricata = Z. loddigesii = Z. pumila = Encephalartos horridus = Z. loddigesii = Z. loddigesii = Z. pumila = Z. lecointei = Z. loddigesii = Z. pumila = Z. pygmaea = Z. furfuracea = Encephalartos longifolius = Z. furfuracea = Z. loddigesii = Z. integrifolia = Z. loddigesii = Z. angustifolia = Z. muricata = Z. loddigesii = Z. loddigesii = Encephalartos longifolius = Z. manicata = Dioon edule Regel Miq. Miq. Regel J.Schust. Regel A.DC. R.E.Schult. Prenlel. Dyer Jacq. Sauvalle Miq. var. angustifolia var. longifolia var. obtusifolia Jacq. Miq. Miq. var. latifolia Lodd. ex Miq. Miq. Salisb. Name Z. gutierrezii Z. lawsoniana Z. latifoliolata Z. leiboldii Z. leiboldii Z. horrida Jacq. Z. laeta Z. leiboldii angustifolia var. Z. humilis Salisb. Z. jirijirimensis kickxii Z. Z. lanuginosa Z. loddigesii Z. muricata var. obtustifolia Z. latifolia Z. loddigesii Z. media Jacq. Z. mexicanaZ. Z. multifoliolata Z. muricata var. angustifolia Z. loddigesii Z. longifolia Z. madida R.E. Schult. Z. maelenii

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. ­ W ­ NY ­ NY ­ MG ­ ­ ­ U U NY ­ t.547 ­ U NY U ­ ­ ­ NY ­ B- H— BAS: Z. pygmaea H— H— H— ? H— ? H— LT— AUT pl. 289 ? ? LT— ? H— ? H— ? H— H— 3(4): 3(4): : 401 : 401 mer., Bot.mer., 194 3: 25(14): 349 25(14): 9: 559 9: 559 ­ A 46: 358 81: 223, 81: 225, fig. 4 37–38: 3–8, 37–38: fig. 1 17: 740 17: figs. 1,2 (1995–96 issued 1998) adnot. Afd. Natuurk. 30 2(4): Afd. Natuurk. 31–32 2(4): Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam Wetensch. Inst. 182 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 462 43: Hort. Aiton) 478 Kew. 3: (W. ? J. New Bot. 128, York Gard. 27(318): J. Arnold Arbor. 719 61: Sp. ed. Pl., 2. 846 4(2): Gartenflora Linnaea Delpinoa 27 Inst.Arq. 2(1): Biol. Veg. BAS: Z. lecointei Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton Biol. Cent.- J. Arnold Arbor. 719 61: Ill. Hort. 24: pl. 140, 289 Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton Sp. ed. Pl., 2. 845–845 4(2): J. New Bot. York Gard. 22: 136, in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3:19 Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Bot. Gaz. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., The Garden Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Gard. Chron. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 149 99 1): (IV. ? Ill. Hort. pl. 547 32: 27, 1916 1851 1789 1876 1796 1796 1935 1981 1981 1932 1921 1869 1869 1897 1926 1877 1998 1926 1922 1885 1868 1884 1844 1806 1806 Z. prasina Z. variegata Z. pygmaea Z. integrifolia Z. pygmaea Z. lecointei Z. chigua Z. pumila Z. angustifolia Z. poeppigiana Encephalartos altensteinii Z. py gmaea Z. i ntegrifolia Macrozamia s piralis Z. l oddigesii Z. i ntegrifolia Cycas t onkinensis nomen dubium nomen nomen dubium nomen nom. illeg. = = = nom. illeg. = Z. lecointei = = dubium nomen nomen dubium nomen ======nomen d ubium; = Macrozamia sp . (Sims) (Ducke) Ducke Miq. D.W.Stev., A. Moretti D.W.Stev., L.Linden & Rodigas Hort. ex Miq. Willd. J.Schust. Linden ex Wittm. Ducke Mast. Chamb. Small L.f. Small Salisb. Miq. Miq. & Vázq.Torres Eckenw. Z. silvicola Z. silicea Britton Z. pungens Z. spiralis Z. noeffiana Z. umbrosa Z. pallida Salisb. Z. polymorpha Z. obidensis Z. picta Dyer Z. pumila subsp. pygmaea Z. obliqua Regel ex Ducos Z. tenuis Willd. Z. wielandii Z. ottonis Z. sylvatica Z. tonkinensis Z. ulei subsp. lecointei Z. verschaffeltii Z. potemkinii Z. princeps Rob. Z. pumila subsp. pumila Z. yatesii Z. vernicosa Z. tridentata

© 2018 by The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. 574 Cycad Biology and Conservation

Acknowl­edgments

The World List of Cycads is published ­under the auspices of the IUCN/SSC Cycad Spe- cialist Group. This work was supported in part by NSF Grants BSR-8607049, EF-0629817, and DEB-1050340. The authors appreciate the years of timely efort that Roy Osborne has put in, not only as co-­author of most previous lists, but also the current list. He may think he has retired from this endeavor, but we know he will­ continue to be involved.

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