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5. Parramatta 5. PARRAMATTA 5.1 Introduction Parramatta Local Government Area occupies an area of 60 square kilometres, straddling the upper reaches of the Parramatta River, in eastern parts of the western Sydney region. There is a marked difference in landscape type between those areas to the north and south of the Parramatta River. To the south and west, undulating Wianamatta shales of the Fairfield Basin are broken by low-lying fingers of Quaternary alluvium along the major creek lines such as Prospect Creek, Duck River, the upper parts of Toongabbie Creek and their tributaries. A small sandstone outcrop along an upper section of Duck River has little impact on topography, but is reflected in the disjunct occurrence of sandstone species. To the north of the river the Hornsby Plateau-Cumberland Plain interface is marked by steep rises. Small remnants of Wianamatta shales occur on ridge-tops and deep valleys are incised into Hawkesbury sandstone along creeks draining from the plateau. Soil landscapes reflect this variation in geology across the LGA. To the south and west the dominant soil landscape on the shales is Blacktown, with Birrong on the alluvium in drainage lines along the creeks. In the north-east beyond the still undulating shale and Blacktown soil landscape close to the river, the edge of the Hornsby Plateau produces a complex mosaic of soil landscapes including the shale-based Glenorie on the ridges, sandstone-based Gymea and Hawkesbury on the slopes and in the valleys, and patches of Lucas Heights associated with outcropping Mittagong Formation lying between Wianamatta shale and Hawkesbury Sandstone. In the northwest, on the edge of the Cumberland Plain, rolling hills of predominantly Ashfield Shale occur with soils of the Luddenham soil landscape. 5.2 Remnant Native Vegetation in Parramatta The Parramatta district has been extensively developed for residential, retail and industrial land• uses. Approximately 280 ha (4.7% of the LGA area) of bushland remains, restricted to narrow corridors along creek systems and in isolated recreational reserves. Such remnants are threatened by weed invasion, disturbance and further clearing. At a mapping scale of 1:100 000 (Benson 1992, Benson & Howell 1994) only the larger sites are recognised. Table 1 lists these and additional remnants identified by local field surveys. 5.3 Biodiversity 5.3.1 Plant Communities The bushland remnants of the Parramatta LGA, although comprising less than 5% of the original vegetation cover, represent a diverse range of plant communities. Vegetation mapping at a 1:100 000 scale (Benson 1992, Benson & Howell 1994) identified Sydney Sandstone Gully Forest (lOag), Blue Gum High Forest (6b) and Shale/Gravel Transition Forest (9d). Field surveys indicate, however, that a considerable level of local biodiversity exists within these vegetation types. Bushland mapped as Sydney Sandstone Gully Forest (lOag), for example, contains several quite 141 Table 5.1 Remnant Bushland in Parramatta LGA Sydney Water Property 8 ha total Owned by Sydney Water but Open Space (6a) (5 ha in surplus to their needs Blacktown) Third Settlement Reserve 4 Public reserve Open Space (6a) United Centenary Centre 27 Private land, Grand United Friendly 2(a) residential, Proposed Society Open-space along creek (6.4 ha) Bundilla Scout Camp 2.5 Leased Crown land, Council CCM Open Space (6a) Substantial corridor along edge of creek between Fletcher Close and Hood St., Beamis Road & Balfour St. and near O'Briens Road. Quarry Branch Creek Corridor Moxham Park & Curtin Reserve 32.5 Public reserve Open-space (6a) Winston Hills District Kindelan Road Reserve 2.5 Public reserve Open-space (6a) Buckleys Road hillside remnants c. 3 Private land, CL & LR Peck P/L Residential (2a) Restricted development Area Parramatta District Parramatta Park c. 90 Crown land, Care of Trust Open-space (6a) Lake Parramatta Reserve 93 Crown land, Council CCM Open-space (6a) Parramatta River foreshores, e.g. Public reserve ?Open-space (6a) George Kendall Reserve Subiaco Creek/Dundas Valley Corridor Subiaco/Ponds Reserve 30 Public reserve Open space (6a) Rapanea Community Forest 3.6 Public reserve Open-space (6a) Cox's Park & Galaringi Park c.20 Public Reserve Open-space (6a) Upper Ponds Creek Reserve 1.4 Public reserve Open-space (6a) Edna Hunt Sanctuary 4 Public Reserve Open space (6a) Vineyard Creek 28 Public Reserve Open space (6a) Duck River Corridor Duck River Reserve 20 Public reserve (6a) recreation Campbell Hill Pioneer Park 5 Public reserve (6a) recreation distinct plant communities, reflecting significant local variability of geology, soils and topography. Additional communities recognised at this finer scale include Cumberland Plain Woodlands, River- 142 flat Forest and Shale/Sandstone Transition Forest. A complete listing and description of plant communities are presented in Table 5.2. Table 5.2 Plant Communities in Parramatta LGA Blue Gum High Eucalyptus sal igna Wianamatta Shale Broad ridges Rapanea Forest & Forest Eucalyptus pilularis Galaringi -Coxs Park (6b) Angophora costata (Dundas Valley), Mobbs Hill (Carlingford) Turpentine- Syncarpia glomulifera Wianamatta Shale Ridges Coxs Park, Iron bark Forest Eucalyptus paniculata (90) Grey Box Eucalyptus moluccana Wianamatta Shale Flat to Centenary Centre Woodland (JOe) Eucalyptus tereticornis undulating Grey Box- Eucalyptus moluccana Wianamatta Shale Hilly to Kindelan Road Reserve, Ironbark Eucalyptus crebra undulating Winston Heights P.S., Woodland (I0d) Eucalyptus eugenioides Centenary Centre Western Eucalyptus fibrosa Wianamatta Shale/ Slopes above Centenary Centre, Curtin Shale/Sandstone Eucalyptus punctata Sandstone transition, creek Reserve, Bundilla Scout Transition Forest Eucalyptus eugenioides Blacktown- Camp, Palestine Park. A ngophora floribunda Luddenham Eucalyptus resinifera interface Eucalyptus sclerophylla Eucalyptus fibrosa Wianamatta Shale Sandstone Duck River, Campbell Eastern Shale Eucalyptus moluccana with Sandstone &/or strata below Hill Pioneer Park /Sandstone Eucalyptus punctata Tertiary alluvial surface with Transition Forest influence/ local outcrops Blacktown & Birrong Shale/Gravel Eucalyptus moluccana Wianamatta Gently Transition Forest Eucalyptus fibrosa Shale/Tertiary undulating (9d) Alluvium/ terraces Blacktown & B River-flat Forest Eucalyptus saligna Quaternary Creek-flats Toongabbie Creek e.g. (Blue Gum Open- Eucalyptus tereticornis alluvium with Third Settlement Res., forest) Angophora floribunda sandstone influence Centenary Centre, Lower (9t) Quarry Branch Ck. & Subiaco Ck. Sydney Eucalyptus pilularis Hawkesbury Gullies & Moxham Park, Lake Sandstone Gullv Syncarpia glomulifera Sandstone with clay sheltered Parramatta Forest (1Oag) Eucalyptus piperita enrichment! Gymea slopes (i) Open-forest Angophora costata 143 Sydney Backhousia myrtifolia, Hawkesbury Lower, Centenary Centre, Sandstone Gully Acmena smithii, Sandstone with clay sheltered Moxham Park, Bundilla Forest (I Oag) Pittosporum undulatum enrichment! slopes often Scout Camp, Lake (ii) closed-scrub/ Rapanea variabilis Gymea fringing moist Parramatta, Subiaco Creek closed- forest Ligustrum spp. gullies Sandstone Angophora costata Hawkesbury Exposed Lake Parramatta Ridgetop Open- Syncarpia glomulifera Sandstone higher slopes forest!Woodland Allocasuarina torulosa ( JOar) Sandstone Angophora bakeri Hawkesbury Exposed Bundilla Scout Camp Ridgetop Eucalyptus sclerophylla Sandstone/ higher slopes Woodland (IOar) Gymea Estuarine Avicennia marina Quaternary alluvium Estuarine Parramatta River Complex (4a) Aegiceras corniculatum mudflats foreshores Freshwater Typha orientalis Quaternary alluvium Low-lying Lake Parramatta, wetlands (28a) Juncus usitatus sites, often in Duck River, Persicaria spp. drainage lines Centenary Centre Alisma plantago- or at edge of aquatica lake Biodiversity conservation should aim to conserve representative samples of a comprehensive range of plant communities and associated species. Most of the communities that occur in the Parramatta LGA are limited in their distribution and are poorly conserved in western Sydney. This particularly applies to Blue Gum High Forest, Ironbark Woodland, River-flat Forest and Shale/Sandstone Transition woodland. The upper catchment of Subiaco Creek and Dundas Valley contains the largest surviving remnant of Blue Gum High Forest in western Sydney. The sandstone communities are also of high conservation significance. Although generally considered to be well conserved in the Sydney region, this is in terms of total area and does not take into consideration comprehensiveness, adequacy and representativeness of reserves. The sandstone communities of the Parramatta LGA are floristically distinct and reflect local conditions of climate, geology, soil and topography. The strong shale influence on the sandstone flora is of particular local interest and not well represented in the larger sandstone reserves around Sydney. 5.3.2 Plant Species Some 520 native plant taxa have been recorded from the Parramatta LGA, comprising c. 40% of the total number of taxa recorded in western Sydney. Those that are considered to be significant species (with particular conservation value) are presented in appendix 5.1 and include a total of c. 210 species considered vulnerable and inadequately conserved in western Sydney. There are c. 33 species of particular regional significance (REG) and 6 taxa of national and/or state significance. ROTAP/TSC Act species Acacia pubescens (3VCa) Epacris purpurascens var. purpurascens (2KC-) 144 Hibbertia nitida
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