The Oonopid Spider Genus Ischnothyreus in Borneo (Oonopidae, Araneae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

The Oonopid Spider Genus Ischnothyreus in Borneo (Oonopidae, Araneae)

Zootaxa 2939: 1–49 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) The oonopid spider genus Ischnothyreus in Borneo (Oonopidae, Araneae) YVONNE KRANZ-BALTENSPERGER Natural History Museum, Bernastrasse 15, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Table of contents Abstract . 1 Introduction . 1 Material and methods . 2 Taxonomy . 3 Ischnothyreus balu sp. nov. 3 Ischnothyreus barus sp. nov. 6 Ischnothyreus danum sp. nov. 9 Ischnothyreus deelemanae sp. nov. 12 Ischnothyreus elvis sp. nov. 13 Ischnothyreus falcifer sp. nov. 15 Ischnothyreus flabellifer sp. nov. 19 Ischnothyreus flippi sp. nov. 21 Ischnothyreus florifer sp. nov.. 25 Ischnothyreus fobor sp. nov. 27 Ischnothyreus hooki sp. nov. 29 Ischnothyreus jojo sp. nov. 32 Ischnothyreus kalimantan sp. nov. 35 Ischnothyreus matang sp. nov. 38 Ischnothyreus mulumi sp. nov. 40 Ischnothyreus rex sp. nov. 43 Ischnothyreus serapi sp. nov. 46 Discussion . 46 Acknowledgments . 49 References . 49 Abstract The genus Ischnothyreus is reported for the first time from Borneo with 17 new species (I. balu, I. barus, I. danum, I. deelemanae, I. elvis, I. falcifer, I. flabellifer, I. flippi, I. florifer, I. fobor, I. hooki, I. jojo, I. kalimantan, I. matang, I. mulumi, I. rex, I. serapi). All species are diagnosed, described and illustrated. Key words: new species, taxonomy, distribution, Borneo Introduction Situated in the Indo-Australian Archipelago, Borneo is the third largest island in the world, after Greenland and New Guinea. It is surrounded by the islands of Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi and the Philippines. With almost 740,000 square kilometers, Borneo has some of the most astonishing and diverse ecosystems in the world. The island is divided among three sovereign states: Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah), Brunei Darussalam and Indonesia (Kaliman- tan). It is a rather flat island with a large part of the landmass being below 150 m; however, with an altitude of 4,095 m, Mount Kinabalu in the state of Sabah is the highest peak not only of Borneo but of Southeast Asia. The Accepted by W. Fannes: 12 May 2011; published: 5 Jul. 2011 1.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Selection for Imperfection: a Review of Asymmetric Genitalia 2 in Araneomorph Spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae)
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/704692; this version posted July 16, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Selection for imperfection: A review of asymmetric genitalia 2 in araneomorph spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). 3 4 5 6 F. ANDRES RIVERA-QUIROZ*1, 3, MENNO SCHILTHUIZEN2, 3, BOOPA 7 PETCHARAD4 and JEREMY A. MILLER1 8 1 Department Biodiversity Discovery group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 9 Darwinweg 2, 2333CR Leiden, The Netherlands 10 2 Endless Forms Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333CR Leiden, 11 The Netherlands 12 3 Institute for Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE 13 Leiden, The Netherlands. 14 4 Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathum Thani, 15 12121 Thailand. 16 17 18 19 Running Title: Asymmetric genitalia in spiders 20 21 *Corresponding author 22 E-mail: [email protected] (AR) 23 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/704692; this version posted July 16, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 24 Abstract 25 26 Bilateral asymmetry in the genitalia is a rare but widely dispersed phenomenon in the 27 animal tree of life. In arthropods, occurrences vary greatly from one group to another 28 and there seems to be no common explanation for all the independent origins.
[Show full text]
SA Spider Checklist
REVIEW ZOOS' PRINT JOURNAL 22(2): 2551-2597 CHECKLIST OF SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) OF SOUTH ASIA INCLUDING THE 2006 UPDATE OF INDIAN SPIDER CHECKLIST Manju Siliwal 1 and Sanjay Molur 2,3 1,2 Wildlife Information & Liaison Development (WILD) Society, 3 Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO) 29-1, Bharathi Colony, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India Email: 1 [email protected]; 3 [email protected] ABSTRACT Thesaurus, (Vol. 1) in 1734 (Smith, 2001). Most of the spiders After one year since publication of the Indian Checklist, this is described during the British period from South Asia were by an attempt to provide a comprehensive checklist of spiders of foreigners based on the specimens deposited in different South Asia with eight countries - Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The European Museums. Indian checklist is also updated for 2006. The South Asian While the Indian checklist (Siliwal et al., 2005) is more spider list is also compiled following The World Spider Catalog accurate, the South Asian spider checklist is not critically by Platnick and other peer-reviewed publications since the last scrutinized due to lack of complete literature, but it gives an update. In total, 2299 species of spiders in 67 families have overview of species found in various South Asian countries, been reported from South Asia. There are 39 species included in this regions checklist that are not listed in the World Catalog gives the endemism of species and forms a basis for careful of Spiders. Taxonomic verification is recommended for 51 species. and participatory work by arachnologists in the region.
[Show full text]
Three New Species of the Oonopid Spider Genus Ischnothyreus (Araneae: Oonopidae) from Tioman Island (Malaysia)
Zootaxa 3161: 37–47 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Three new species of the oonopid spider genus Ischnothyreus (Araneae: Oonopidae) from Tioman Island (Malaysia) YVONNE KRANZ-BALTENSPERGER Natural History Museum, Bernastrasse 15, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Three new species of the genus Ischnothyreus (I. tioman, I. tekek and I. namo) are described from Tioman Island off the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Two of the described species show peculiar cheliceral modifications that are dis- cussed with respect to similar structures found in other families. Key words: taxonomy, systematics, morphology, Asia Introduction With currently 755 described species in 83 genera (Platnick 2011), goblin spiders (Oonopidae) are an extremely diverse spider family. Most of them are ground-dwellers and live in litter or under bark, but some species are also found in the tree canopy (Fannes et al. 2008). They are small (0.5–4.0 mm), haplogyne, usually six-eyed spiders, and are most diverse in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006). The genus Ischnothyreus, established by Simon in 1893, currently comprises 41 species. Occurring worldwide, the genus is most abundant in the Oriental region (Platnick 2011). Recently, 17 new species were reported from Borneo (Kranz-Baltensperger 2011). The genus is also present in Australia (Edward & Harvey 2009). Males of Ischnothyreus have strongly sclerotized palps and modified endites, the females can be recognized by the winding genital tube. In this contribution three new species of Ischnothyreus are described from Tioman Island, a small island close to mainland Malaysia (Fig.
[Show full text]
Sustainable Biodiversity Conservation
Sustainable Biodiversity Conservation An Interactive Qualifying Project Report submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by Isaiah P. Janzen Paul A. Moran Amanda L. Pollack Date: May 2, 2007 1. Sustainability 2. Biodiversity Advisor: 3. Conservation Professor H.J. Manzari This report represents the work of one or more WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of completion of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial or peer review. Acknowledgments We would like to thank all of those that have been helpful and supportive to us throughout our stay in Costa Rica. First of all, our heartfelt thanks go to Professor H.J. Manzari, for opening up possibilities and supporting us in all of our endeavors. Second, we would like to thank all of the INBio employees who worked with us on a daily basis. Foremost: Vanessa Matamoros, who spent hours working on our behalf coordinating the entire trip as well as scheduling tours and travel arrangements; Carlos Hernandez, who took the time to welcome us into his work, overcome the language barrier and teach us more of what INBio does; Carlos Viquez, for teaching us about spiders and giving us an appreciation for creatures we once despised; Marcos, for befriending us and teaching us about his work as a parataxonomist, Costa Rica in general, and colloquial Spanish; Billen, for helping us around the lab and giving us advice on travel destinations; and William Ulate, for explaining so much and always accommodating our requests; Yorleny, for taking care of our mail and helping us find our way around INBio; for the guards, for keeping us safe and always opening locked doors for us at all hours of the day or night; and the entire INBio staff, for accommodating our whims and being patient with us and our attempts at speaking Spanish.
[Show full text]
El Colegio De La Frontera Sur
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Diversidad de arañas del suelo en cuatro tipos de vegetación del Soconusco, Chiapas, México TESIS presentada como requisito parcial para optar al grado de Maestría en Ciencias en Recursos Naturales y Desarrollo Rural por David Chamé Vázquez 2015 DEDICATORIA A mi familia, de quien he aprendido a nunca rendirme, a levantarme una y otra vez no importando las veces que las dificultades nos hayan abatido y continuar en la persecución de nuestros sueños. "Once more into the fray Into the last good fight I'll ever know. Live and die on this day. Live and die on this day." GMSG Sin ti la vida sería una equivocación AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología por la beca proporcionada para continuar con mis estudios de posgrado. Al Dr. Guillermo Ibarra por sus enseñanzas, perseverancia y apoyo durante toda la tesis. A la Dra. María Luisa Jiménez y al M en C. Héctor Montaño quienes contribuyeron en la dirección de la tesis y por sus atinados comentarios y sugerencias. A Gabriela Angulo, Eduardo Chamé, Héctor Montaño y Gloria M. Suárez por su ayuda en el trabajo de campo y laboratorio lo que permitió culminar esta tesis. Al M. en C. Juan Cisneros Hernández, Dra. Ariane Liliane Jeanne Dor Roques y Dra. Lislie Solís Montero por sus comentarios y sugerencias que ayudaron a mejorar el presente documento. Al M. en C. Francisco Javier Valle Mora por su asesoría estadística. A G. Angulo, K. Bernal, E.F. Campuzano, L. Gallegos, F. Gómez, S. D. Moreno y G. Sánchez por su desinteresada amistad y apoyo durante mi estancia en la colección.
[Show full text]
Contents a Peer-Reviewed Open-Access Journal Zookeys 993
ISSN 1313-2970 (online) ISSN 1313-2989 (print) Contents A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 993 Taxonomic study of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 1 from Myanmar (Araneae, Oonopidae) Yanfeng Tong, Shuqiang Li, Dongju Bian 2020 A new species of Trachelas L. Koch, 1872 (Araneae, Trachelidae) Launched to accelerate biodiversity research 27 from Tajikistan Yuri M. Marusik, Alexander A. Fomichev Three new species of Diplotaxis Kirby from Guatemala and Mexico 35 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae), with a key to the species of the trapezifera group Leonardo Delgado, Víctor Hugo Toledo-Hernández Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species 47 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae) Yongying Ruan, Hume B. Douglas, Lu Qiu, Xiaoqin Chen, Shihong Jiang Three new species of frogs of the genus Pristimantis 121 (Anura, Strabomantidae) with a redefinition of the P. lacrimosus species group Santiago R. Ron, Julio Carrión, Marcel A. Caminer, Yerka Sagredo, María J. Navarrete, Jhael A. Ortega, Andrea Varela-Jaramillo, Gabriela A. Maldonado-Castro, Claudia Terán Phorocardius zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov. 993 2020 http://zookeys.pensoft.net ! http://zookeys.pensoft.net AUTHOR GUIDELINES Accepted Papers: Same as above, Examples of such databases include, Authors are kindly requested to sub- but ‘’In press’’ appears instead the but are not limited to: mit their manuscript only through page numbers. • Zoobank (www.zoobank.org), the online submission module at Electronic Journal Articles: Mal- • Morphbank (www.morphbank.net), www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys. let J, Willmott K (2002) Tax- • Genbank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih. For those who want their work rapidly known to the World ! In case of difficulties with the sub- onomy: renaissance or Tower gov/Genbank), mission procedure, please contact of Babel? Trends in Ecology • BarCode (www.barcodinglife.org) [email protected].
[Show full text]
Introduction, Establishment Rate, Pathways and Impact of Spiders Alien to Europe
Biol Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-015-0912-5 ORIGINAL PAPER Introduction, establishment rate, pathways and impact of spiders alien to Europe Wolfgang Nentwig Received: 18 February 2015 / Accepted: 22 May 2015 Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 Abstract A comprehensive analysis of spiders reported reduction of marketability of horticultural products as alien for Europe over the last 200 years has yielded through excessive spinning activity which also may cause information for 184 spider species, which had been increased cleaning costs at facades and windows. Impact introduced at least once. The most common spider on human health may be caused by bites and subsequent families are Theridiidae (27 species), Pholcidae (15), need for medical treatments. For all these impact Salticidae (14), Sparassidae (14), Ctenidae (14), and categories, however, only anecdotal evidence is given Theraphosidae (13) but overall establishment rate was for alien spiders in Europe. This may change when spiders only 28 %. No ctenids or theraphosids established, and of medical importance such as the frequently introduced only one sparassid species, but many theridiids and Latrodectus species will establish. Considering the current pholcids. Most introduced species originated from South trends it is concluded that introduction and establishment (34 %), Central (10 %) or North (12 %), America, Asia rates of alien spiders will strongly increase in the next (19 %) and Africa (15 %). Only few of the South and years unless preventive methods become more efﬁcient. Central American species could establish, while species from North America (36 %) and Asia (63 %) had much Keywords Origin, contaminant Á Environmental higher establishment rates. Over the last 200 years, impact Á Socio-economic impact Á Human health introduction and establishment rates have been strongly increasing.
[Show full text]
Archiv Für Naturgeschichte
© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at Bericht über die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Gehiete der Entomologie während des Jahres 1893. Von Dr. Ph. Bertkau in Bonn. H. J. Hansen's vorläufige Mittheilung zur Morphologie der Gliedmafsen und Mundtheile bei Crustaceen und Insecten, Zool. Anzeig., 1893, S. 193—198, 201—212, scheint mir eine solche hohe Bedeutung zu haben, dass ich hier ein ausführlicheres Referat darüber geben möchte; dasselbe könnte mir ein Zurückkommen auf die in Aussicht gestellte ausführlichere Arbeit überflüssig machen. Wahrscheinhch bestehen die Gliedmafsen der Crustaceen ur- sprünglich aus einem Stamm und zwei äquivalenten Aesten. Stamm und Innenast wird als Endopodit, der Aussenast als von einem Gliede des Endopodits ausgehend bezeichnet. Durch Vergleichung der Beine der Axaneae, Thelyphonus, Scorpiones, Chelonethi, Soli- fugae sieht man bald, dass die Glieder mit Ausnahme der beiden ersten, nicht nach ihrer parallelen Ordnungszahl homolog sind. Will man zu einem wirklich morphologischen Verständniss der Mund- theile und Ghedmafsen der 4 Arthropodenklassen gelangen, so muss man sie zuerst bei verschiedenen Typen der Crustaceen studieren. Das Verständniss des Baues der Maxillen der Malakostraken wird durch das Studium der Kieferfüsse eröffnet. Die Kauladen sind einfache von dem inneren Vordereck des 2. oder 3. Gliedes ausgehende Fortsätze; eine solche Seitenkaulade ist bei Eurjcope eine einfache Verlängerung, bei Idothea dagegen durch Artikulation abgesetzt. Ebenso müssen die Kauladen der beiden Maxillen als Fortsätze von den Seiten der einzelnen Glieder des Endopodits der- selben angesehen werden. (Verf. führt für das 1. Maxillenpaar den Namen Maxillulae, dem 2. lässt er den bisherigen Namen.) Der Hypo- pharynx mit seinen weiteren Ausbildungen (Paragnathen, Unterlippe, Zunge) ist ein medianer zweilappiger Vorsprung der Sternalpartie des Kopfes und hat mit den Gliedmafsen nichts zu schaffen.
[Show full text]
Taxonomic Study of the Genus
ZooKeys 993: 1–26 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.993.57676 RESEARCH ARticLE https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Taxonomic study of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Myanmar (Araneae, Oonopidae) Yanfeng Tong1,2, Shuqiang Li3, Dongju Bian4 1 Life Science College, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China 2 Southeast Asia Biological Diversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar 3 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 4 CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li ([email protected]); Dongju Bian ([email protected]) Academic editor: I. Agnarsson | Received 17 August 2020 | Accepted 19 October 2020 | Published 16 November 2020 http://zoobank.org/DAFA5BEE-7571-4CA8-99D1-D76DFFCAB875 Citation: Tong Y, Li S, Bian D (2020) Taxonomic study of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Myanmar (Araneae, Oonopidae). ZooKeys 993: 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.57676 Abstract Seven new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from the spider family Oonopidae Simon, 1890 are reported from Myanmar: I. hponkanrazi sp. nov. (♀), I. jianglangi sp. nov. (♀), I. meukyawwa sp. nov. (♂♀), I. putao sp. nov. (♀), I. qiuxing sp. nov. (♀), I. taunggyi sp. nov. (♂♀) and I. zhigangi sp. nov. (♂♀). Morphological descriptions and photographic illustrations of the new species are given. All types are preserved in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS). Keywords Goblin spider, morphology, new species, taxonomy Introduction The genus Ischnothyreus was established by Simon in 1893, with Ischnaspis peltifer Simon, 1892 from Saint Vincent in the Caribbean as the type species (Simon 1893).
[Show full text]
Rdna Phylogeny of the Family Oonopidae (Araneae) 177-192 72 (2): 177 – 192 25.7.2014
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny Jahr/Year: 2014 Band/Volume: 72 Autor(en)/Author(s): DeBusschere Charlotte, Fannes Wouter, Henrard Arnaud, Gaublomme Eva, Jocque Rudy, Baert Leon Artikel/Article: Unravelling the goblin spiders puzzle: rDNA phylogeny of the family Oonopidae (Araneae) 177-192 72 (2): 177 – 192 25.7.2014 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2014. Unravelling the goblin spiders puzzle: rDNA phylogeny of the family Oonopidae (Araneae) Charlotte de Busschere *, 1 , Wouter Fannes 2, Arnaud Henrard 2, 3, Eva Gaublomme 1, Rudy Jocqué 2 & Léon Baert 1 1 O.D. Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium; Charlotte de Busschere* [Charlotte. [email protected]], Eva Gaublomme [[email protected]], Léon Baert [[email protected]] — 2 Section In ver tebrates noninsects, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; Wouter Fannes [[email protected]], Arnaud Henrard [[email protected]], Rudy Jocqué [[email protected]] — 3 Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity research Center, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium — * Corresponding author Accepted 20.v.2014. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropodsystematics on 18.vii.2014. Abstract The mega-diverse haplogyne family of goblin spiders (Oonopidae Simon, 1890) has long been among the most poorly known families of spiders. However, since the launch of the goblin spider Planetary Biodiversity Inventory project knowledge about Oonopidae is rapidly expanding. Currently, Oonopidae is placed within the superfamily Dysderoidea and is divided into three subfamilies. Nevertheless, the monophyly and internal phylogeny of this family has not yet been investigated based on DNA sequence data.
[Show full text]
Five New Species of the Genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Singapore
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 618: 39–66Five (2016) new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Singapore 39 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.618.9451 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Five new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Singapore Yanfeng Tong1,2, Joseph K. H. Koh3, Xiujiao Tong1, Shuqiang Li4 1 Life Science College, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China 2 Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China 3 National Biodi- versity Centre, National Parks Board, 259598, Singapore 4 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li ([email protected]) Academic editor: Cor Vink | Received 6 June 2016 | Accepted 1 September 2016 | Published 19 September 2016 http://zoobank.org/D471637D-9FCA-475A-AA93-44C6FF96AA0F Citation: Tong Y, Koh JKH, Tong X, Li S (2016) Five new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Singapore. ZooKeys 618: 39–66. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.618.9451 Abstract Five new species of the genus Ischnothyreus are reported from Singapore: I. an Tong & Li, sp. n., I. brun- neus Tong & Li, sp. n., I. dactylinus Tong & Li, sp. n., I. poculum Tong & Li, sp. n. and I. tectorius Tong & Li, sp. n. Morphological descriptions and illustrations are given for all new species. Keywords Diagnosis, goblin spider, morphology, taxonomy, type Introduction With a population of 5.5 million people packed in a total land area measuring only 719 km2, the Republic of Singapore is one of the most urbanized countries in the world.
[Show full text]
Comparative Study of the Invertebrate Cave Faunas of Southeast Asia and New Guinea
Historia naturalis bulgarica, 21: 169-210, 2015 Comparative study of the invertebrate cave faunas of Southeast Asia and New Guinea Petar Beron Abstract: An attempt is made to compare the available data on the cave fauna of SE Asia with the cave fauna of New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. The information is very uneven, with many hundreds of caves and cave animals known from SE Asia and almost the only results on the cave fauna of New Guinea obtained during the British Expedition to PNG in 1975. The present analysis outlines the existence of more than 209 troglobites and 42 stygobites in the caves of SE Asia and 18 troglobites and 10 stygobites in the caves of New Guinea and New Ireland. Many of these species are to some extent “troglomorphes”, but their belonging to the caterories of troglobites or stygobites is disputable, as nothing is known in details concerning their biology. The richest groups in troglobites are Isopoda Oniscidea (13 sp. in SE Asia, 1 in New Guinea), Araneae (46 sp. in SE Asia, unfinished study of PNG collection), Pseudoscorpiones (11 sp. in SE Asia, 1 in New Guinea), Diplopoda (30 sp. in SE Asia, 1 in New Guinea), Collembola (28 sp. in SE Asia, 4 in New Guinea), Coleoptera Carabidae (56 sp. in SE Asia, 3 in New Guinea and New Ireland). Particularly interesting is the discovery of a rich cave fauna in the highlands of New Guinea (above 2200 m), wherе the air temperature in the caves is ca. 13 0C, comparable to the temperature in the South European caves.
[Show full text]