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No. 33 September 2011 Oś—Oświęcim, People, History, Culture Magazine, No O Ś WIĘ CIM ISSN 1899-4407 PEOPLE CULTURE HISTORY no. 33 September 2011 Oś—Oświęcim, People, History, Culture magazine, no. 33, September 2011 EDITORIAL BOARD: Oś—Oświęcim, People, History, Culture magazine EDITORIAL The last fi ve years at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Muse- number 11 (pictured on the cover), the building that pris- um have been a period of considerable changes: attendance oners named the “Death Block.” has constantly grown to new record highs, a new main We also recommend reading an article by the volunteers exhibition is under construction, the Auschwitz-Birkenau from abroad, who worked in the past year at the Interna- Foundation has been created for funding maintenance of tional Youth Meeting Center. It recounts how they view the authentic Memorial Site, and a new visitors center is the history of Auschwitz, as well as life in modern day Editor: being created. In this edition of Oś we publish an extensive Oświęcim. Paweł Sawicki interview with Dr. Piotr M. A. Cywiński, who has directed On the pages of the Center for Dialogue and Prayer, you Editorial secretary: the Museum for the last fi ve years. can read about the commemoration of the death of Ed- Agnieszka Juskowiak-Sawicka In the September edition, we also report on two round an- ith Stein, known today as Saint Teresia Benedicta of the Editorial board: niversaries, that took place in August and in September: Cross. We also invite you to take a walk down the path of Bartosz Bartyzel the murder of Saint Maximilian Kolbe, as well as the fi rst the Jewish History of Oświęcim. Wiktor Boberek experiment in mass killing through the use of Zyclone B. Paweł Sawicki Editor-in-chief Jarek Mensfelt Both of these events had their place in the cellar of Block Olga Onyszkiewicz [email protected] Jadwiga Pinderska-Lech Artur Szyndler Columnist: Mirosław Ganobis Design and layout: A GALLERY Agnieszka Matuła, Grafi kon Translations: OF THE 20TH CENTURY David R. Kennedy Proofreading: At this moment, our “Gallery of the tage photographs that were found in have been mainly taken inside photo- Beata Kłos Twentieth Century” is going… back in a small, one hundred-year-old trunk. graphic studios—rarely outdoors—but, Cover: time! There is no need to slight or mock The leather-bound albums, decorated in an astonishingly modern-looking Rebecca Lim this oxymoron, since there were mo- with metal hinges, as well as the pho- technological way. It is as if they had Photographer: ments in history of moving back… to tographs they contain, can be found at just been taken yesterday and given Paweł Sawicki the future! So, here we are going back our city museum located in the castle. a light bronze or sepia tone—you are to the second half of the nineteenth The pictures, presented on cardboard able to look at both sides of the pre- century, thanks to a collection of vin- backgrounds, are of various sizes, and sented photographs: on the front are the individuals who had been photo- PUBLISHER: graphed, while on the back there are delicate graphical lithographs—adver- Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum tisements of the given studio, with a list of the awards and medals that it had www.auschwitz.org.pl garnered at photography exhibitions as well as contests. The oldest of the pho- tographs that I admired was one with PARTNERS: a dedication from 1870! In most cases, those who were photographed were Jewish either standing or sitting in front of an Center artistic backdrop, that had the studio’s own specifi c trademark—posing in a www.ajcf.pl solemn and serious manner, conscious of the fact that they are taking part in a, still, rather secret amalgamation of art Center for Dialogue and technology that magically repro- and Prayer duces reality. Foundation The photographs present a variety of different individuals and their social www.centrum-dialogu.oswiecim.pl or working class: wealthy burghers, noble ladies of the manor, military men of various ranks “festooned with med- als,” offi cials of various levels—in this International Youth Meeting Center case Imperial Galician offi cials—while there is also a photo that was taken in www.mdsm.pl Kiev and two which come from Łódź. What astonishes and impresses is the chemical-optical technology that pro- duced these images; to this day they are IN COOPERATION still so vibrant and crisp! WITH: Photographic studios existed in many cities as well as towns and had vari- Kasztelania ous reputations, not to mention clients. Some crossed over into the history of www.kasztelania.pl photography’s beginnings as well as the world of art, such as the studio of State Higher Walery Rzewuski, who worked for dec- Vocational Schoolol ades in Cracow, or that of Józef Eder, in Oświęcim who also had a shop in Oświęcim. www.pwsz-oswiecim.pli i l Here, I present a reproduction, a photo of a photograph, which comes from my collection: a beautiful girl, whom Editorial address: I know nothing about except that her „Oś – Oświęcim, Ludzie, picture was found in our family album, Historia, Kultura” Państwowe Muzeum most probably, a century ago—and Auschwitz-Birkenau what connects the two of us is not only ul. Więźniów Oświęcimia 20 the album, or the technological photo- 32-603 Oświęcim Photo: Andrzej Winogrodzki graphic process, but also… genetics! e-mail: [email protected] Photo from Andrzej Winogrodzki’ collections Andrzej Winogrodzki 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Oś—Oświęcim, People, History, Culture magazine, no. 33, September 2011 Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEATH OF FATHER MAXIMILIAN KOLBE ore than two thousand people, among them former inmates of Auschwitz, Polish pilgrims from all over the country, and the staff of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum attended a Mass, concelebrated by cardinals, Mbishops, priests and monks at the former German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp Auschwitz. Auschwitz-Birkenau was pray and thank God for his The celebrations ended with to become a tool to create a love.” an appeal for peace in the world without God, a closed President of Poland Bronisław world from “the former con- world of superhumans who Komorowski sent a letter to centration camp Auschwitz, despised other man because the participants. “The pessi- site of the death of millions of of differences of race, nation- mism and bitterness, which innocent people and a symbol ality, culture and language. swell up in every person of totalitarianisms, which in Here on this earth, the sons who visits the former Ger- the fi rst half of the twentieth and daughters of the Jewish man death camps, can now century dominated Europe.” people, taking their origin —thanks to father Kolbe’s “World peace will reign when from Abraham, were anni- heroic deed—be contrasted love makes itself at home in hilated. Here Poles, Gypsies, with another, beautiful face our hearts and we fi nd our Russians, Germans, and in- of humanity, faith in the vic- own humanity,” the authors nocent people from all over tory of goodness and hope for of the appeal urged. Europe were murdered.” a better future for our world,” Dziwisz referred to the mem- the President wrote. jarmen orable words of John Paul II during his visit to the Me- morial in 1979: “I could not RAJMUND KOLBE fail to come here as Pope ... Photo: Tomasz Pielesz Seventieth anniversary of the death of Father Maksymilian Kolbe I come to join you, no mat- Rajmund Kolbe was born on October 8, 1894 in Zduńska ter what your faith is, in once Wola. In 1910 he joined the Franciscan Order in Lviv, Liturgy was celebrated near oners—hey placed fl owers again looking into human af- where he received the name Maximilian. In 1912 he began the cell in Block 11, where and lit candles. fairs in the eye.” The Cardi- his studies in Rome in philosophy and theology, obtain- Father Maximilian Kolbe The fi eld altar featured the nal stressed the importance ing doctorates in those disciplines, and was ordained a died and the ceremony was wooden rosary of St. Maxi- of mutual respect for human priest. He returned to Poland in 1919. In 1927 he founded the culmination of the sev- milian, donated by him to a dignity. “May the names of a monastery in Niepokalanów near Warsaw and a pub- entieth anniversary of the fellow prisoner, and the rose our love and our attitude be lishing house. He was also a missionary in Japan. death of the Franciscan, of Benedict XVI, which the the sensitivity of the heart, On May 28, 1941, he was imprisoned in the Auschwitz murdered in Auschwitz in Pope bestowed on the Me- solidarity, dialogue and re- concentration camp. Two months later he offered up his August 1941. morial during his pilgrimage spect for loved ones, but also life in exchange for that of a stranger, Franciszek Gajow- Before Mass, pilgrims reached in 2006. Unlike other papal for those who think differ- niczek, sentenced to death by starvation in reprisal for the the camp from the Franciscan roses, which are usually ently,” urged Dziwisz. escape of a prisoner. He died on August 14, 1941, killed by Center in Harmęże and the gold, this is the only one in Archbishop Ludwig Schick an injection of phenol in the cellars of the so-called Death St. Maximilian Kolbe Church the world that is black. of Bamberg in Germany said: Block. in Oświęcim. The faithful and Mass was presided over by “As Germans we infl icted He was beatifi ed by Pope Paul VI in 1971, and canonized the clergy walked to Block Cardinal Stanisław Dziwisz.
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