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Plural Words in Austronesian Languages: Typology and History
Plural Words in Austronesian Languages: Typology and History A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Research Master of Arts in Linguistics by Jiang Wu Student ID: s1609785 Supervisor: Prof. dr. M.A.F. Klamer Second reader: Dr. E.I. Crevels Date: 10th January, 2017 Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University Table of contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ iii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... iv List of tables ................................................................................................................... v List of figures ................................................................................................................ vi List of maps ................................................................................................................. vii List of abbreviations .................................................................................................. viii Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2. Background literature ................................................................................... 3 2.1. Plural words as nominal plurality marking ....................................................... 3 2.2. Plural words in Austronesian languages .......................................................... -
Ncd-Enrolment-Places
2017 National Election Electoral Roll Update Locations National Capital District Electorate: Moresby-South LOCATION ROLL UPDATE PLACE DURATION (Locations in the Ward) (Places in the Ward Locations) (For how long) WARD 1 Badihagwa Lohia Daroa’s Residence 14 Days Tatana 1 Heni Gagoa’s Residence 14 Days Hanuabada 1 Vahoi 1 14 Days Tatana 2 Araira Church Hall 14 Days Hanuabada 2 Vahoi 2 14 Days Baruni 1 Iboko Place 14 Days Baruni 2 Iboko Place 14 Days Hanuabada – Laurabada 1 Kwara Dubuna 1 14 Days Hanuabada – Laurabada 2 Kwara Dubuna 2 14 Days Idubada Idubada 14 Days Hanuabada – Lahara Mission Station 7 14 Days Kanudi Origin Place 14 Days Hanuabada – Lahara Kavari Mission Station 2 14 Days Koukou Settlement David Goroka 14 Days Elevala 1 Abisiri 1 14 Days Elevala 2 Abisiri 2 14 Days Kade Baruni Rev. Ganiga’s Residence 14 Days Borehoho Borehoho 14 Days Gabi Mango Fence – Open Air 14 Days WARD 2 Ela Beach SDA church – Open Air 14 Days Ela Makana Yet to Confirm 14 Days Lawes Road Mobile Team 14 Days Konedobu Aviat Club – Open Air 14 Days Newtown Volley Ball Court 14 Days Vanama Settlement Volley Ball Court 14 Days Paga Hill Town Police Station 14 Days Touaguba Hill Town Police Station 14 Days Town Town Police Station 14 Days Ranuguri Settlement Ranuguri - Open Air 14 Days Segani Settlement Ranuguri - Open Air 14 Days Gini Settlement Residential Area 14 Days Vainakomo Residential Area 14 Days Kaevaga Residential Area 14 Days Paga Settlement Moved to 6mile/Gerehu 14 Days WARD 3 Daugo Island Open Air 14 Days Koki Settlement Koki Primary School -
POLICE MOTU 41 3.1 Introduction 41 3 .2 the Mission Frontier 41 3.3 the Unofficial 'Visitors' Frontier 47 3.4 the Government Frontier 56
re . I /VA �I (its story) by Tom Dutton The University of Papua New Guinea Press 1985 Published by the University of Papua New Guinea Press Copyright T. E. Dutton 1985 © All right reserved CONTENTS First published 1985 FOREWORD Vll ISBN 9980-84-007-2 PREFACE Vlll Printed in Hong Kong by Colocraft Ltd. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xii A NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY X-lV Cover design by Takus David ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS and OTHER CONVENTIONS xv GLOSSARY XVI Produced within the framework of the Languages for Intercultural Australian Academy of the THE LANGUAGE TODAY Communication in the Pacific Area Project of the 1. Humanities and under the academic auspices of the Union Academique 1.1 Introduction Internationale as publication No. 3 under the Project. 1.2 Distribution and Varieties No royalties are paid on this book. 1.3 General Overview of the Structure of Hiri (formerly Police) Motu 4 1.4 Pidgin Features of Hiri Motu 7 1.4.1 Sounds 7 1.4.2 Grammar 8 1.4.3 Vocabulary 16 2. IN THE BEGINNING: THE PRE-EUROPEAN SETTING 20 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 The HTL(E) 22 2.3 The HTL(K) 29 2.4 Simplified Motu 36 3. INVASION AND THE NEW FRONTIER: SIMPLIFIED MOTU TO POLICE MOTU 41 3.1 Introduction 41 3 .2 The Mission Frontier 41 3.3 The Unofficial 'Visitors' Frontier 47 3.4 The Government Frontier 56 4. LAW AND ORDER: THE SPREAD OF POLICE MOTU 59 To Corinne, Brett and Anna 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 MacGregor's Armed Native Constabulary 62 4.3 The Village Constable System 71 4.4 The Prison System 74 4.5 Conclusion 78 ECONOMIC AND OTHER DEVELOPMENT: 5. -
Custom and Laws in Contemporary Land Disputes Among the Motu-Koita of Papua New Guinea, 323-349
BRAMELL'S RULES: CUSTOM AND LAW IN CONTEMPORARY LAND DISPUTES AMONG THE MOTU-KOITA OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA Michael Goddard Macquarie University, Australia Jurisprudence in Papua New Guinea acknowledges "custom," "customary law" and "customary title." Also, courts accept oral history, legends, and mythology as legitimate evidence in the investigation of land claims. At the same time it is generally acknowledged by legal scholars that custom is fluid, flexible, and adaptive to changing circumstances. When contemporary law courts investi gate local custom, conceived to be manifest in traditional practices, paradoxes arc inevitable when the legal pref(,rence for consistency engages with the vicissitudes of orally transmitted understandings of land rights. Europeans established themselves on the territory of the Motu-Koita, on the southeast coast, in the 1870s, and local systems of "land tenure" linked to kinship prin ciples were described by various authors in subsequent decades. A document on "Native Land Custom" composed by a European land commissioner in 1964 has become the standard resource on Motu-Koita land customs for legal purposes in Land Courts and Higher Courts in the postcolonial period. Two sets of "custom" are now observable in the settlement of land disputes among Motu-Koita villagers. One is visible in informal procedures, which do not involve the land court. The other is the "official" version of traditional land custom used in the land court. This paper discusses the effects on postcolonial intragroup land disputes and conceptions of descent principles when Motu Koita have recourse through the courts to a colonial-era representation of their customary attitudes to land rights. -
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Vol
PURARI RIVER (WABO) HYDROELECTRIC SCHEME ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Vol. 3 THE ECOLOGICA SIGNIFICANCE AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE MANGROVE ~AND ESTU.A.INE COMMUNITIES OF THE GULF PROVINCE, PAPUA NEW GUINEA Aby David S.Liem and Allan K. Haines .:N. IA 1-:" .": ". ' A, _"Gulf of Papua \-.. , . .. Office of Environment and Gonservatior, Central Government Offices, Waigani, Department o Minerals and Energy,and P.O. Box 2352, Kot.edobu !" " ' "car ' - ;' , ,-9"... 1977 "~ ~ u l -&,dJ&.3.,' -a,7- ..g=.<"- " - Papua New Guinea -.4- "-4-4 , ' -'., O~Cx c.A -6 Editor: Dr. T. Petr, Office of Environment and Conservation, Central Government Offices, Waigani, Papua New Guinea Authors: David S. Liem, Wildlife Division, Department of Natural Resources, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Allan K. Haines, Fisher;es Division, Department of Primary Industry, Konedobu, Papua New Guinea Reports p--blished in the series -ur'ri River (.:abo) Hyrcelectr.c S-hane: Environmental Studies Vol.l: Workshop 6 May 1977 (Ed.by T.Petr) (1977) Vol.2: Computer simulaticn of the impact of the Wabo hydroelectric scheme on the sediment balance of the Lower Purari (by G.Pickup) (1977) Vol.3: The ecological significance and economic importance of the mangrove and estuarine communities of the Gulf Province,Papua New Guinea (by D.S.Liem & A.K.Haines) (1977) Vol.4: The pawaia of the Upper Purari (Gulf Province,Papua New Guinea) (by C.Warrillow)( 1978) Vol.5: An archaeological and ethnographic survey of the Purari River (Wabo) dam site and reservoir (by S.J.Egloff & R.Kaiku) (1978) In -
Waterbird Surveys of the Middle Fly River Floodplain, Papua New Guinea
Wildlife Research, 1996,23,557-69 Waterbird Surveys of the Middle Fly River Floodplain, Papua New Guinea S. A. HalseA, G. B. pearsod, R. P. ~aensch~,P. ~ulmoi~, P. GregoryD, W. R. KayAand A. W. StoreyE *~epartmentof Conservation and Land Management, Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, WA 6065, Australia. BWetlandsInternational, GPO Box 636, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. C~epartmentof Environment and Conservation, PO Box 6601, Boroko NCD, Papua New Guinea. D~abubilInternational School, PO Box 408, Tabubil, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. EOk Tedi Mining Ltd, Environment Department, PO Box 1, Tabubil, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Abstract In total, 58 species of waterbird were recorded on the grassed floodplain of the Middle Fly during surveys in December 1994 and April 1995. The floodplain is an important dry-season habitat both in New Guinea and internationally, with an estimated (k s.e.) 587249 f 62741 waterbirds in December. Numbers decreased 10-fold between December and April to 54914 f 9790: the area was less important during the wet season when it was more deeply inundated. Only magpie geese, comb-crested jacanas and spotted whistling-ducks were recorded breeding on the floodplain. The waterbird community was numerically dominated by fish-eating species, especially in December. Substantial proportions of the populations of many species that occurred on the Middle Fly in December were probably dry-season migrants from Australia, suggesting that migration across Torres Strait is important to the maintenance of waterbird numbers in both New Guinea and Australia. Introduction About 700 species of bird occur on the island of New Guinea (Coates 1985; Beehler et al. -
Diversity of Banana Cultivars and Their Usages in the Papua New Guinea Lowlands: a Case Study Focusing on the Kalapua Subgroup
People and Culture in Oceania, 34: 55-78, 2018 Diversity of Banana Cultivars and their Usages in the Papua New Guinea Lowlands: A Case Study Focusing on the Kalapua Subgroup Shingo Odani,* Kaori Komatsu,** Kagari Shikata-Yasuoka,*** Yasuaki Sato,**** and Koichi Kitanishi***** The purpose of this study was to assess the diversity of banana cultivars and their usage in 3 lowland areas of Papua New Guinea, where bananas are a staple food. We focus on the kalapua subgroup, which is of genome group ABB. We found 3 subgroups of banana at the 3 research sites: the kalapua subgroup, a subgroup of cooking bananas other than kalapua, and a subgroup used as dessert bananas. We observed that kalapua subgroup cultivars and other subgroup cultivars are planted in separate gardens, likely because the growth rate and tolerance to climate differ between kalapua and other subgroup cultivars. A nutritional status assessment revealed that in the kalapua subgroup, nutrient levels, except for carbohydrates, are comparatively low. Thus, farmers classify and produce kalapua and other cultivars separately. Kalapua, which are known for their tolerance for both dry conditions and flooding, are cultivated as a sustainable energy supply. Other banana cultivars may be grown because of their nutritional composition, as a matter of preference, or as a means of cash income. Keywords: banana, Papua New Guinea, kalapua, taxonomy, farming system, nutrition 1. Introduction Plants of the genus Musa whose fruits are edible are generally called banana.1 Almost all bananas currently present originated from 2 wild species, Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. * Faculty of Letters, Chiba University, Japan. -
RAPID ASSESSMENT of AVOIDABLE BLINDNESS and DIABETIC RETINOPATHY REPORT Papua New Guinea 2017
RAPID ASSESSMENT OF AVOIDABLE BLINDNESS AND DIABETIC RETINOPATHY REPORT Papua New Guinea 2017 RAPID ASSESSMENT OF AVOIDABLE BLINDNESS AND DIABETIC RETINOPATHY PAPUA NEW GUINEA, 2017 1 Acknowledgements The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) + Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) was a Brien Holden Vision Institute (the Institute) project, conducted in cooperation with the Institute’s partner in Papua New Guinea (PNG) – PNG Eye Care. We would like to sincerely thank the Fred Hollows Foundation, Australia for providing project funding, PNG Eye Care for managing the field work logistics, Fred Hollows New Zealand for providing expertise to the steering committee, Dr Hans Limburg and Dr Ana Cama for providing the RAAB training. We also wish to acknowledge the National Prevention of Blindness Committee in PNG and the following individuals for their tremendous contributions: Dr Jambi Garap – President of National Prevention of Blindness Committee PNG, Board President of PNG Eye Care Dr Simon Melengas – Chief Ophthalmologist PNG Dr Geoffrey Wabulembo - Paediatric ophthalmologist, University of PNG and CBM Mr Samuel Koim – General Manager, PNG Eye Care Dr Georgia Guldan – Professor of Public Health, Acting Head of Division of Public Health, School of Medical and Health Services, University of PNG Dr Apisai Kerek – Ophthalmologist, Port Moresby General Hospital Dr Robert Ko – Ophthalmologist, Port Moresby General Hospital Dr David Pahau – Ophthalmologist, Boram General Hospital Dr Waimbe Wahamu – Ophthalmologist, Mt Hagen Hospital Ms Theresa Gende -
Notes on the Gulf Province Languages Overview
Notes on the Gulf Province languages Karl Franklin (Data Collected 1968-1973; this report collated 2011) Information compiled here is from notes that I collected between 1968 and 1973. Following the completion of my Ph.D. degree at the Australian National University in 1969, I was awarded a post-doctoral fellowship in 1970 to conduct a linguistic survey of the Gulf Province. In preparation for the survey I wrote a paper that was published as: Franklin, Karl J. 1968. Languages of the Gulf District: A Preview. Pacific Linguistics, Series A, 16.19-44. As a result of the linguistic survey in1970, I edited a book with ten chapters, written by eight different scholars (Franklin, Lloyd, MacDonald, Shaw, Wurm, Brown, Voorhoeve and Dutton). From this data I proposed a classification scheme for 33 languages. For specific details see: Franklin, Karl J. 1973 (ed.) The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. Pacific Linguistics, Series C, 26, x + 597 pp. Overview There are three sections in this paper. The first is a table that briefly outlines information on languages, dialects and villages of the Gulf Province. (Note that I cannot verify the spelling of each village/language due to differences between various sources.) The second section of the paper is an annotated bibliography and the third is an Appendix with notes from Annual Reports of the Territory of Papua. Source Notes Author/Language Woodward Annual pp. 19-22 by Woodward notes that: Report (AR) Four men of Pepeha were murdered by Kibeni; there is 1919-20:19- now friendly relations between Kirewa and Namau; 22 information on patrols to Ututi, Sirebi, and Kumukumu village on a whaleboat. -
Papua New Guinea Additional Power and Electricity Information
Papua New Guinea Additional Power and Electricity Information Source: Compiled by VisionRI from information in the National & Provincial Ten Year Power Development Plan (2007-16), PNG Power Limited, 2006, and revised based on ongoing discussions with ED-DPE, 2007-08. Distribution PPL supplies power to Port Moresby and 26 other urban centers through 19 independent power systems. Its present generating capacity is 153 MW (80 MW in Port Moresby) for total energy sales of 742 GWh (316 GWh in Port Moresby). PPL, formerly the Electricity Commission, used to be the sole generator, transmitter and distributor of electricity in the country. In 1999, an independent power producer, Hanjung Power Ltd, negotiated the production and sale of power to the grid within a 15-year build-operate-transfer (BOT) arrangement. However, the present electricity tariff of about $0.15 per kilowatt hour (kWh) is hardly sufficient to cover the cost of the diesel oil needed to produce power in Port Moresby. In rural areas the cost of diesel alone can be three times the tariff, or more. Since 2003, PPL has been earmarked for privatization and a new private commercial operator, PNG Sustainable Energy Ltd (SEL), is beginning to enter the sector. Sector Issues Lack of reliable quality power supply to the main urban areas may limit economic growth. Investments are required in power generation and the transmission and distribution grids for the Port Moresby and Ramu grids. Town electrification - Poor-quality power supply in provincial centers and lack of generation to meet growing demand is limiting economic growth in provincial urban centers not connected to the main grids. -
Financial Inclusion and Financial Capability
Financial Inclusion and Financial Capability in Morobe and Madang Provinces, Papua New Guinea Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized An initial report of the Papua New Guinea Public Disclosure Authorized National Financial Capability Survey Bank of Papua New Guinea Institute of National Affairs 9363_PNG FinancialCapacitySurvey_1601939_CVR.indd 1 11/19/15 8:17 AM Bank of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Institute for National Affairs The World Bank Financial Inclusion and Financial Capability in Morobe and Madang Provinces Papua New Guinea An initial report of the Papua New Guinea National Financial Capability Survey This Project is financially supported by the Korean Poverty Reduction and Socio-Economic Development Trust Fund II 9363_PNG FinancialCapacitySurvey_1601939_CH00_FM.indd 1 11/18/15 10:15 AM Cataloguing-in-Publication Data ISBN 9980-77-182-8 National Library Service—Papua New Guinea First published: June 2015 Published by: Institute of National Affairs P.O. Box 1530 Port Moresby NCD Papua New Guinea Copyright: This report is a joint product of the project team composed of staff and consultants from Bank of Papua New Guinea, the Institute of National Affairs and The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this report are entirely those of the authors and should do not necessarily reflect the views of Board of the Bank of Papua New Guinea, the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent, or the Board of Institute of National Affairs. The Bank of Papua New Guinea, Institute of National Affairs, and The World Bank do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. -
National Gazette PUBLISHED by AUTHORITY (Registered at the General Post Office, Port Moresby, for Transmission by Post As a Qualified Publication) No
National Gazette PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY (Registered at the General Post Office, Port Moresby. for transmission by post as a Qualified Publication) No. G391 PORT MORESBY, TUESDAY, 14th MAY 2019 CERTIFICATION OF ACTS It is hereby notified for general information that the Appropriation (General Public Services Expenditure 2019) Act 2018 (No. 25 of 2018) was certified by the Speaker of the National Parliament on 30th April, 2019. K. AUFA, Acting Clerk of the National Parliament. Printed and Published by M. Mala, Acting Government Printer, Port Moresby.-391. National Gazette PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY (Registered at the General Post Office, Port Moresby, for transmission by post as a Qualified Publication) No. G393 PORT MORESBY, TUESDAY, 14th MAY [2019 NOTICE OF THE MAKING OF REGULATION THE Regulation set out in the table below have been made under the Organic Law on Peace-Building in Bougainville- Autonomous Bougainville Government and Bougainvile Referendum 2002. Statutory Instrument No. Citation or Nature No. 2 of 2019 Bougainville Referendum Regulation 2019. The above Regulation shall come into operation on the 3rd of May, 2019. Copies of the Regulation may be obtained from the Office of Legislative Counsel at the following address: Office of Legislative Counsel, Department of the Prime Minister and NEC, 6th Floor, Sir Manasupe Haus, Sir John Guise Drive, P. 0. Box 639, WAIGANI, National Capital District, Telephone: (675) 3019277/301 9278/301 9284, Email: [email protected]. Dated this 14th day of May, 2019. G. SO-ON. Secretary, National Executive Council. Printed and Published by M. Mala, Acting Government Printer, Port Moresby.-393. National Gazette PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY (Registered at the General Post Office, Port Moresby, for transmission by post as a Qualified Publication) No.