Maduranese Meaning About Carok Case Study in Sampang Regency, Madura Island
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Maduranese Meaning About Carok Case Study in Sampang Regency, Madura Island Purwati Ayu Rahmi Student of Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Carok is an act of fighting as an expression of Madura's men to defend self-esteem when they feel harassed by others men and as symbol of virility even end by dying one or both the fighter. This action is closely related to the cultural values that are used as guidelines for the Madura People behavior then carok can not be equated with cases of criminal murder in general also it can be done with deliberation between both side. These activities can not be justified in religious or legal views but the people there still much choose the carok as a way to resolve the conflict. The purpose of this study is to know the history of carok, how people interpret the tradition of carok in resolving conflicts in society and how people suggestion to minimize Carok Case. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive describing data in the form of written or oral words of people and behavior observed in a fielf. The findings of this study, the origin or history of carok become varians, but the history of the most trusted people is the characterization of Sakera as a hero who uses carok to defend of the small people. Currently, Carok is interpreted as a mechanism of conflict resolution to uphold individual or family self esteem, instead the closer family from dying fighter such as son, father and brother could fight back the murderer. It is because Maduranese believe that their self-esteem is more valuable than life. The literary reference to the carok is very limited, the writings of ancient times vary in depicting the history of carok itself. The informants said that Carok does not happen as often as the past because almost every young generations today have education at school better. But the efforts that be done or minimize the Carok is still important by deliberation between family or community by helping of religious and traditional leaders, the justice of the law, Then the next solution to consider is to maximize access to education and the economy, because most people who have low economies and education use carok as an alternative conflict solution) Keywords: Carok, Maduranese, Culture, defense of Self-Esteem Carok is an action or assassination attempt using I. INTRODUCTION a sharp weapon, generally sickle among two men who one of them considered to harass self-esteem. The Society and custom are two things that can not motive or background of the Carok event is mostly due be separated each other. Interestingly, each community to problems of disruption wife or fiancee, group has different customs so that it becomes the misunderstanding, seizure of land or inheritance, bad hallmark of the group. In Indonesia for example, The debts and other unknown reasons. Carok in the phrase Madura tribe that has a distinctive characteristic with Madura likened to "Lebbi Bagus Pote Tollang atembang dialect, appearance, work, clothes and so on. The Pote Mata" which means (Better to die, than life to bear Madurese community in Indonesia is known as a society the shame), Wiyata [7]. Carok is at the crossroads of that has strong character, unique, stereotypical, stigmatic tradition in society and Carok as a form of violent crime and distinctive culture. Those typically refer to that is very disturbing to society as well as actions that Madurese entity has a speciality cultural unlike the are not justified by the State and religion as classified to ethnography of other communities in Indonesia, Alwi the act of vigilante (eigenrichting). [2]. The Madurese cultural differences or uniqueness The tradition of Carok by people outside often is led other ethnic groups Madurese seeing this as Madurese is understood as a peculiarity of customs and absurd behavior. For example, Madurese are known as also legal violations that are legalized by society. So that cranky, then choose the alternative solution to their Madurese people in some areas imaged as a impolite, irritation through physical violence, usually a Carok, rude, violent, and cranky. However, not infrequently all Taufiqurrahman [6]. people label that, that images will be gone after they make real communication with Madurese. The 292 background make author interested to study Carok in Nature of Appreciation and Disharmony in Carok Madurese perspective by focusing on the study of how Tradition". This research is a literature research. the history of Carok, and how Madurese people interpret Research shows, the nature of carok tradition in terms of the Carok currently because of the difference Carok ontology, the cause of Carok is based on self-esteem and meaning today from the past and how people suggestion socio-cultural factors. Epistemologically, Carok is an to minimize Carok Case. So this study is expected to instrument to maintain self-esteem must be done in order give a complete picture of the Carok that is understood for an individual to be respected and acknowledged as a by Madura community so that all people and reader can worthy party. Axiologically, self-esteem has a spiritual open their minds if Madurase have a good attitude and and socio-cultural value containing an ethical value by charactheristic. Hidayat [4]. II. LITERATURE REVIEW III. METHODOLOGY The most powerful and prominent labeling of This researcher uses qualitative methodology, Madurese ethnic group is physical violence that leads to collecting data from informants on descriptive data in fight armed with sickle popularly known as Carok. the form of written or oral words of people and behavior Carok tradition in Madurese community is a that can be observed thoroughly about the form, function manifestation of the desire to defend self-esteem and and meaning of expression by Robert and Taylor [5]. family honor. The use of carok tradition is expected to This research chose two villages in asub-district in rehabilitate the impact of self-esteem harassment, Sampang. Those are Pekalongan Village, Sampang otherwise the family honor in the community's view has Distric and Temoran Village, Omben District, Sampang no value, Asis [3]. regency by consideration of the perspective diversity of All of Carok's cases are initiated by specific people who live in the main city of Sampang and conflict such as occurrence of disturbtion a wife by other peoplein suburb. Types of data obtained from this study man, fraud accusations, seizure of inheritance, are primary data obtained through observation and vengeance), all of them are referring to the same thing, interviews to the people of Sampang and secondary data that is harassment of self-esteem (dignity). To recover from mass media and other supporting literature such as their harassed self-esteem, they do Carok, which is books or scientific journals. always supported by social environment. The man who Determination of informant used in this research success lose their enemies show a feeling of relief, is purposive and developed with snow ball. The selected satisfaction and pride, Wiyata [7]. Wiyata continues, the Key informants were local village apparatus: Mr. occurrence of Carok is closely related to a lot of Nurcholis as staff of Pekalongan Village Office and Mrs. conditions, such as, first, the socio-cultural conditions Wayas who was appointed directly by Temoran village that bring a hoodlum into social status at the upper level head because at the time of data collection the village in the social structure of Madurese community. Second, head was out of town. Then deeper information is the condition of some judicial officers’ behavior who do searched to other informants in the village of not consistently apply and enact laws in accordance with Pekalongan, they are Umi Siti, Mr. Jamaludin, Ustad legislation, so that the legal judgments taken are very Zaini, Mrs. Lilik, Nur Cholis and informants from unsatisfying the sense of justice for local communities. Temoran Village, Wayas, AR, Umar Neto, Sukron, Third, until now, socio-cultural conditions in Madura Ma’mun, Ustad Rozaq. The secondary data is obtained have not known any institution that serves and acts as a from previous books and researches. deterrent or antidote to the occurrence of Carok, Wiyata [7]. Ignoring the facts, Madurese seem to have two opposing personalities. They do not hesitate to easily HISTORY OF CAROK shed blood if their self-esteem and honor are distrubed. The stubborn is reflected in Carok. On the contrary, they Based on the description of De Jonge the have the tenderness of the yarn-like nature which is emergence of acts of violence in the life of Madurese are reflected in Madurese attitude of life which assumes that caused by two important things. The first was the all people are brothers, Abdurrahman [1]. government at that time did not pay attention to the The study of carok has been done by Hidayat Madurese and the second is as a consequence of the first with the title of "Philosophy of Carok Study on The cause, the community became distrustful to the The 5th AASIC 2017 293 government, thus any problems or conflicts were Characterizing Sakera with a soul of a knight resolved in their own way in violence regardless of the eradicate Dutch colonialism was also expressed by Mr. rules. The solution intended is Carok. In 1700s VOC Rozak. It came from anold Dutch story, Sakera who was began to control Madura. At that time there were three born in Sampang, Madura. Sakera eradicated Dutch kingdoms politically given the right and authority by without fear with his organization (Interviewed with VOC to take care of its own government. Thus the king religious figure; Mr. Rozak).