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Copyrighted Material INDEX Note: Page numbers in italics refer to figures, those in bold refer to tables. Page numbers with suffix ‘n’ refer to endnotes. acculturation model 249–50, 251 Transbaikal region, Siberia 261 seasonal movements 81–2, 83 Acheulean hominins 219–30 retouch intensity 262 temporal changes 82 behavioral innovations 220, 229–30 Arnhem Land, Australia 78–91 tool flexibility/multifunctionality 83 cognitive capacity for lexicon 229 assemblage zones 80, 88–91, 89 long-term planning 229 reduction 88–91 Attirampakkam, Indian raw materials typological classification 79, 81 subcontinent 100, 107 seeking 228 assemblage variation 88 Aurignacian sequence transfer distances 228–9 chronological 91 la Ferrassie, France 186–94 social interactions 229 geographical 90 Obłazowa Cave, Poland 203 true imitation 229 new depictions 83 Auvergne, Upper Paleolithic Acheulean lithic assemblage 3–12, 220 traditional depictions 79, 80, seasonal direct mobility 36–8, 43 analysis methods 6–7 81–3 transfers 41, 42 Hunsgi-Baichbal basin 221 cores 87 axe fragments Indian subcontinent 99, 101, bipolar 87, 88, 89, 90 Arnhem Land, Australia 79, 81 106–7, 107–8, 109 non-bipolar 87, 88 see also handaxes Mousterian of Acheulean Tradition cultural groups 81 industries 19 environmental change 82, 83 Baichbal Valley, India 220–9 raw material selection 11–12 fabricators 89, 90 geology 226–7 Sede Ilan, Israel 179 flakes 79, 81, 82 basalt technology 219–30 bipolar reduction 85–8 Dry Creek, Alaska 61 transport of raw materials 108–9, production 85 hammerstones 226 227, 228–9 retouching 84, 85, 90 Indian subcontinent 99 action radius model, Hungarian foragers Isampur site, Indian Paleolithic 51 land use 88–91 subcontinent 225, 226 adaptation concept 129, 130, 140 mobility 91 mining 177 adzes, Dalton group 278, 279, 281 resource use variation 83 Nachukui Formation 9, 10, 11 Aebischer site, Midcontinent USA 274, foraging scrapers 265 277 risk 90–1 Sede Ilan, Israel 176–7, 179, 180 Alaska strategies 91 Transbaikal region, Siberia 261 microblades 54–6 knappers 90 Ushki-5 site, Kamchatka 68, 69, 71, radiocarbon ages 55 landscape change 82–3 71, 72 site 56–8 map 80 bears, cave 253 see also Dry Creek, Alaska plain/plateau categories 82 Beauronnian truncations 209 amber, Hungarian Gravettian COPYRIGHTEDpoints 79, 89, 90 MATERIALbehavioral strategies, optimal 129 period 123 production 91 Beringia Ambler site, Midcontinent USA 274, 276 reduction/recycling to extend use hunter-gatherers 74–5 andesite life 84–5, 91 map 55 Epigravettian culture, retouching 89, 90 microblades 54–6 Hungarian 124, 125 procurement economics 90 non-microblade complexes 75 points 145 raw material availability 88–91 raw material procurement/ angular material, Indian reduction/recycling 91 selection 60–1, 62–3, 64–9, subcontinent 97, 107–8 intensity 83, 89, 90 70, 71, 72–3, 73 argillite use life extending 84–5 Upper Paleolithic toolstone Dry Creek, Alaska 61, 64, 65 scrapers 79, 81, 82 procurement 54–75 BBlades_Index.inddlades_Index.indd 228989 22/3/2009/3/2009 99:52:57:52:57 AAMM 290 Index bifaces Boulder Conglomerate Formations Solvieux, France 208, 209, 210, Acheulean 220 (BCF), Indian subcontinent 101, 213, 214, 216n Dry Creek, Alaska 57 102, 103 Transbaikal region, Siberia 261, 265 Indian subcontinent 111 Brodrogkeresztúr (Hungary) 51 Chesrow site, Midcontinent USA 280, Isampur site, Indian Broken Mammoth site, Alaska 74–5 282 subcontinent 224, 225, 226, bruised ends, Arnhem Land, chipped stone artifacts 47–52 228 Australia 79, 81 nomenclature 49 metrics 222–4, 228 burins Christianson site, Midcontinent transport 227 Hłomcza, Poland 197 USA 280, 281–2 reduction strategy 145, 146–52 Raysse 210, 216n cleavers analysis 152, 153–5, 156–7 Acheulean 220 dacite 147–52, 153–5, 156–8 Caminade Est, France 133–4, 135, Isampur site, Indian debitage 157–8 136–7, 140 subcontinent 223–4, 226 flakes 19 Cardy site, Midcontinent USA 274, 277 distinction from handaxes 228 flaking 170 caribou hunting 282–3, 284 Clovis land-use patterns 270–85 transport 144 Carpathian Arch 118, 119 Aebischer site 274, 277 costs 146–52 Carpathian Basin 118, 119 Ambler site 274, 276 bifacial ovals, Arnhem Land, chipped stone artifacts 47–52 Bostrom site 274, 275–6 Australia 79, 81, 84, 85 map 48 Cardy site 274, 277 bladelets tool-working 122 Dugan Airfield 274, 276 carinated cores 190 Carpathian Mountains, southern environmental change 273 la Ferrassie, France 187–8, 189, 190 Poland 196–7 gatherings 284 refitted 203 see also Hłomcza, Poland; Obłazowa Hawk’s Nest site 274, 276 blades Cave, Poland hunting 282–3 blanks 188, 215 central place foraging models 146, Lincoln Hills 274, 276 cores 189–90 158 map 274 end-struck 259 central place site use models 165, mobility 282–5 retouching 136 171 Morrow-Hensel site 274, 277 Site 55, Indian subcontinent 105 chaîne opératoire Mueller-Keck site 273–5 Solvieux, France 214, 215 concept 165 population density 284 technology 128 Middle Paleolithic 16, 17, 18 raw material transport 282, 284 Ushki-5 site, Kamchatka 70, 73 Nachukui Formation 6–7 travel distances 284 see also microblades Namibian Lower Paleolithic 163–71 unbounded 273–7 blank portability hypothesis 130, prehistoric techno-economics 234 Withington site 274, 276–7 131–2, 132, 134 Sede Ilan, Israel 176 cobble–boulder sources blanks chalcedony, Solvieux, France 212 Indian subcontinent 105–7 blades 188, 215 cherts Mode 2 assemblages 106–7 Clovis groups 276 Arnhem Land, Australia 79 cobbles non-local 132, 133, 134 Bergeracois 136–7, 138, 139 Indian subcontinent 101–5 production from large flakes 238 foram fossils 211 Nachukui Formation 8–10 Quina technology 232 Solvieux, France 210, 211, 212, quartzite 101–5 production 238 213, 214 conceptions volumétriques, Middle retouched 136 Clovis groups 275, 276, 277 Paleolithic 16 Sede Ilan, Israel 179 Dalton group 278, 279–80, 281, continuity, long-term 271 selection for transport 133 282, 284 core volume organizations, Middle size 133, 134, 135, 136–7 hammerstones 226 Paleolithic 16 attrition 132, 134, 135 Indian subcontinent 103 core-and-flake assemblages, Indian Solvieux, France 209, 214 Isampur site 225 subcontinent 105–6 transport 131, 145, 235 Isle Valley Translucent 210–11, cores unretouched 131, 132 213, 216n Arnhem Land, Australia 87 boomerang, Obłazowa Cave, nodules 112n bipolar 87, 88, 89, 90 Poland 201, 203, 204 nummulithic 123 non-bipolar 87, 88 mammoth tusk 201, 204 retouching 135, 134 bidirectional 190 wooden 204 scrapers 265 blades 189–90 Bostrom site, Midcontinent USA 274, Senonian 138, 139, 190, 208, carinated 190 275–6 210–11 Clovis groups 276 BBlades_Index.inddlades_Index.indd 229090 22/3/2009/3/2009 99:52:58:52:58 AAMM Index 291 Dalton group 282 George site 278, 280 Denali cultural complex 57–8 Hłomcza, Poland 197 maps 279, 280, 281 faunal remains 58 Isampur site, Indian mobility 284–5 formal/informal tool subcontinent 222, 224, 225, New Valmeyer site 279–80, 280 production 65–6, 67 226 Nochta site 280, 280–1 knappable materials 61 transport 227 Olive Branch site 278, 280 Lignite Creek 61 la Ferrassie, France raw materials 284 lithic artifacts 61, 63, 64 length 187, 188, 191 ritual practices 284 microblades 57, 61 morphology 189–90 Sloan site 277–8, 280, 281 production 66–7, 68 reduction 186–94 social networks 284 Nenana cultural complex 57, 75 multidirectional 190 tribal formation 284 Nenana Gravel 60–1 platforms at la Ferrassie, Darwinian evolution 129–30 scrapers 57 France 188–90 debitage tool assemblage 57 Quina technology 232, 236–8 analysis 145, 149–50 tool production 65–6, 67 production strategies 242 biface reduction strategy 157–8 toolstones reduction Dalton group 281 availability 61, 62 Clovis groups 276 Dry Creek, Alaska 57, 64 procurement 60–1, 62–3, 64–5, la Ferrassie, France 186–94 size 64–5, 66 73–4 Quina technology 236–8, 242 Great Basin Paleoarchaic 144–58 selection 65–7, 68, 74 Sede Ilan, Israel 178–9 quarries 156–7 variability 61, 63, 64 Senonian chert 213 residential sites 156–7 Dugan Airfield site, Midcontinent single orientation 190 variation 157–8 USA 274, 276, 279, 280 Site 55, Indian subcontinent 105 Indian subcontinent 107 Durkadi, Indian subcontinent 100, 106 Solvieux, France 213 Isampur site 222 tool making 131 size categories 153 Early Acheulean lithic assemblage, raw Ushki-5 site, Kamchatka 68, 70 Solvieux, France 213 material selection 10–11 cortex systems economics Clovis groups 276 Middle Paleolithic 16–17 biface transport costs 146–52 Dry Creek, Alaska 64–5 Nachukui Formation 9–12 context of site of Quina Le Flageolet, France 134, 135 Ushki-5 site, Kamchatka 68, 69 assemblages 242 Solvieux, France 214, 215 size 71, 72 procurement in Arnhem Land, Tsoana site, Namibia 166–8 see also Levallois debitage system; Australia 90 Ushki-5 site, Kamchatka 71 Quina debitage system raw materials utility 146 Deccan plateau, India 220–9 acquisition/transport 130–1 Cowboy Rest Creek Quarry, Nevada Dehra-Gogipur, Indian Solvieux, France 208–16 (USA) 146–52, 153–5, 156–8 subcontinent 109, 110 see also techno-economics cryptocrystalline silicates Denali cultural complex, Dry Creek, edge modification 253 Dry Creek, Alaska 61, 64, 65, 66, Alaska 57–8 embedded procurement strategy 131–2 67, 68 denticulates end scrapers, Clovis groups 275, 277 Ushki-5 site, Kamchatka 68, 69, retouching 199, 263 end-choppers, Toka, Indian 71, 72 Szeletian, Hungary 249 subcontinent 103, 104 cultural evolution 129 diabase, Dry Creek, Alaska 61, 64 environmental change diorite, Transbaikal region, Siberia 261 Arnhem Land, Australia 82, 83 dacite retouch intensity 262 Clovis and Dalton land-use
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