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From Africa to Eurasia * Early Dispersals Ofer Bar-Yosef! *, A
Quaternary International 75 (2001) 19}28 From Africa to Eurasia * early dispersals Ofer Bar-Yosef! *, A. Belfer-Cohen" !Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA "Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91905, Israel Abstract The dispersals of early hominins in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene into Eurasia were essentially sporadic. Little geographic and temporal continuity is observed between the various dated archaeological contexts, and the lithic assemblages do not demonstrate a techno-morphological continuity. The archaeological evidence from 1.8 to 0.7 Ma indicates at least three waves of early migrations. The earliest sortie involved bearers of core-chopper industries sometime around 1.7}1.6 Ma. Early Acheulean producers followed possibly around 1.4 Ma. The third wave occurred sometime around 0.8 Ma, and is represented by Acheulean groups who manufactured numerous #ake cleavers. The geographic scope of each of these waves is not yet well known.The reasons for &why' early humans dispersed from Africa into Eurasia include the &push' of environmental change and relative &demographic pressure', as well as the opening of new niches. Humans may have gained their meat supplies either from carcasses or through active predation. The archaeological and fossil records demonstrate that Homo erectus was a successful species, and like other successful species it enlarged its geographic distribution at all costs. Even if the trigger for the initial dispersal of Homo erectus remains unknown or controversial, the success of the hominid occupation of the Eurasian habitats was not primarily facilitated by the availability of food, or the human #exibility in food procuring techniques, but by the absence of the zoonotic diseases that plagued and constrained hominins in their African &cradle of evolution'. -
The Empires of the Bible from the Confusion of Tongues to the Babylonian Captivity
The Empires of the Bible from the Confusion of Tongues to the Babylonian Captivity Alonzo T. Jones 1904 Copyright © 2015, Ellen G. White Estate, Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS iii..................................................................................................................... PREFACE (1897 edition) iv................................................................................................................ INTRODUCTION v.................................................................................................................................. THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE BIBLE vi....................................................................................... THE ORIGINAL AND ULTIMATE GOVERNMENT viii........................................................ THE ORIGIN OF EVIL x.................................................................................................................. THE TWO WAYS xiii........................................................................................................................ ORIGIN OF MONARCHY xv.......................................................................................................... ORIGIN OF THE STATE AND EMPIRE xvii............................................................................ EMPIRE IN UNDISPUTED SWAY xviii..................................................................................... INTRODUCTION xx......................................................................................................................... ECCLESIASTICAL -
Book Reviews
BOOK REVIEWS Indian Beads: A Cultural aud Technological Study. Shantaram Bha1chandra Deo. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, 2000. 205 pp., 7 color, 37 b/w plates, 3 maps, 24 figures, bibliography, no index. Paper 600 rupees. No ISBN. Distinctive Beads in Ancient India. Maurya Jyotsna. BAR International Series 864. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2000. 122 pp., 1 map, 10 figures, 7 tables, bibliography, index. Paper cover. ISBN 1-84171-067-9. Amulets and Pendants in Ancient Maharashtra. Maurya Jyotsna. New Delhi: D. K. Printworld, 2000. 102 pp., 4 maps, 12 figures, 3 tables, bibliography, index. Cloth 220 rupees. ISBN 81-246-0158-5. Reviewed by PETER FRANCIS JR. (1945-2003), former Director of the Centerfor Bead Research, Lake Placid, New York India is one of the world's largest countries rate with him on a book. That project with one of its most ancient civilizations. never happened, as Dikshit passed away in Blessed with immense natural and human 19(}9, just before his own History (?f Indian resources. It is no surprise that it is a lead Class was published. ing source of beads in both ancient and Deo received a fellowship from the In modern times. Only China is larger and as dian Council of Historical Research to ancient, but the Chinese have never been study and prepare a manuscript on Indian as interested in beads as have the Indians. beads during the years 1985 to 1988. He The Indian subcontinent has been unparal worked on the project for many years, long leled in terms of bead making, bead trad after the period of the fellowship. -
Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments
[Frontz'spz'ece. Monument of a Hittite king, accompanied by an inscription in Hittite hieroglyphics, discovered on the site of Carchemish and now in the British Museum. Ely-{Baths of mm iitnnmlzhg: I I FRESH LIGHT EROM IHE ANCIENT MONUMENTS A SKETCH OF THE MOST STRIKING CONFIRMATIONS OF THE BIBLE FROM RECENT DISCOVERIES IN EGYPT PALESTINE ASSYRIA BABYLONIA ASIA MINOR BY A. H. EAYCE M.A. Depu/y Professor of Comparative Phi/01057 Oxfiv'd [1012. LLD. Dufilin SEVENTH EDITION THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY 56 PATERNOSTER Row 65 ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD {87,2 THE PENNSYLVANIA sun UNIVERSITY LIBRARY PREFACE. THE object of this little book is explained by its title. Discovery after discovery has been pouring in upon us from Oriental lands, and the accounts given only ten years ago of the results of Oriental research are already beginning to be antiquated. It is useful, therefore, to take stock of our present knowledge, and to see how far it bears out that ‘ old story’ which has been familiar to us from our childhood. The same spirit of scepticism which had rejected the early legends of Greece and Rome had laid its hands also on the Old Testament, and had determined that the sacred histories themselves were but a collection of myths and fables. But suddenly, as with the wand of a magician, the ancient Eastern world has been reawakened to life by the spade of the explorer and the patient skill of the decipherer, and we now find ourselves in the presence of monuments which bear the names or recount the deeds of the heroes of Scripture. -
Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments by Archibald Henry Sayce
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments by Archibald Henry Sayce This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments Author: Archibald Henry Sayce Release Date: June 18, 2010 [Ebook 32883] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FRESH LIGHT FROM THE ANCIENT MONUMENTS*** Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments A Sketch of the Most Striking Confirmations of the Bible, From Recent Discoveries in: Egypt. Palestine. Assyria. Babylonia. Asia Minor. by Archibald Henry Sayce, M.A. Deputy Professor of Comparative Philology, Oxford. Hon. LL.D., Dublin. Second Edition. London: The Religious Tract Society. 36, Paternoster Row; 65, St. Paul's Churchyard. 1884 Contents Preface. .2 Chapter I. Introduction. .6 Chapter II. The Book of Genesis. 14 Chapter III. The Exodus out of Egypt. 48 Chapter IV. The Moabite Stone and the Inscription of Siloam. 61 Chapter V. The Empire of the Hittites. 76 Chapter VI. The Assyrian Invasions. 83 Chapter VII. Nebuchadrezzar and Cyrus. 113 Appendix I. 137 Appendix II. 144 Index. 146 Footnotes . 155 [001] Preface. Monument of a Hittite king, accompanied by an inscription in Hittite hieroglyphics, discovered on the site of Carchemish and now in the British Museum. The object of this little book is explained by its title. Discovery after discovery has been pouring in upon us from Oriental lands, and the accounts given only ten years ago of the results of Oriental research are already beginning to be antiquated. -
The Story of Extinct Civilizations of the East —
(Civilizations Hv LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE THE STORY OF EXTINCT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE EAST — "... A noble end it is to inquire into the remains of long-departed races, and to inquire, not by theory and conjecture, but by an examination of actual facts." Prof. Mahaffy, D.D. " He says it is part of his creed that history is poetry could we tell it aright." Emerson, speaking of Cavh.y'l^. /iltSi THE MOABITE STONE (see pp. 22, 2;,) THE STORY OF Extinct Civilizations of the east BY ROBERT E. ANDERSON, M.A., F.A.S. " Author of'''' Early England," The Stuart Period," &'c. Contributor to Chambers s EncycloJ>cedia, Encyclopedia Britannica, Diet, Nat. Biography., &=€, WITH MAPS ETC. LONDON : GEORGE NEWNES, LTD. SOUTHAMPTON STREET, STRAND 1901 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 9 I. Origin and Races of Mankind 13 II, Chaldea and Babylonia . 24 III. Ancient Egypt 49 IV. HiTTITES, PhCENICIANS, AND HEBREWS 71 V. The Arab ...... "5 VI. Iran, or Ancient Persia 147 MAPS, Etc. The Moabite Stone . , . Frontispiece PAGE Hieroglyph lo and 63 Cuneiform Inscription 28 Maps—Egypt 48 Khita 72 Spain 116 Iran or Ancient Persia . .148 EXTINCT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE EAST INTRODUCTION. In the present century two events, which at the time seemed unimportant, have vastly increased our knowledge regarding several very early king- doms and empires which, to the ancient and mediaeval historians, were known only by name. In 1802, the Rosetta Stone was brought to England, and presented by George III. to the British Museum. Only a rude block of black basalt, though called " a priceless jewel " by the archseologists, it bears an inscription in three languages ; and as soon as one of these, written in " hieroglyphs," was, by means of the other two, interpreted by Young and Champollion, a key was put in our hands to open the sealed book of Egypt's mighty past by reading the records on her numberless monuments. -
1. Stone Age Technology in India
Stone AEe Technologv in India K,PADDAYYA ABSTRACT This paper presents a review of various aspects of Stone Age (Palaeolithic and Mesolithic) general technology in lndia. After initial remarks about the history of Prehistoric studies and culture Sequence, detailed observations are made about how changes in raw material of utilization, experienced from time to time, and consequent improvements in techniques tool-manufacture and tooltypes themselves led to changes in subsistence and settlement patterns of Stone Age hunter-gatherer groups. The review concludes with remarks highlighting the need for identification of regional settlement systems, functional interpretation of lithic of non- assemblages, study of present-day use of stone for various purposes, and recognition utilitarian dimensions of Stone Age technology. CONTENTS l.lNTRODUCT10N 2.HISttORY OF PREHISttORiC RESEARCH 3 FIRST PARADIGM 4.PARADIGM SHIFT 5.FRESH FIELD RESEARCH 6.GENERAL CULttURE SEQUENCE 7.USE OF ORCANIC MAttERIALS 8.LITHIC ttECHNOLOGY A.lmprovements in raw mateHal ulllza10n 9.SttUDIES iN TECHNOLOGY A.Lower PalaeolithlC B.Mlddle and Upper Palaeolithic C.Mesolnhic 10 GENERALTRENDS ロ ロ 暉 r‐ ‐ ロ ロ 口 ‐ 甲 甲 ― ― ― ― ― ■ ■ 口 ‐ 口 ‐ 口 甲 暉 "― ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 甲 ・ |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||■ ANCIENT INDiA,NEW SERIES,NO.1 11. TASKS AHEAD A" Regional adaPtive sYstems B. Functional interPretations C. Rspects of non-utilitarian behaviour learning D. Ethnography as a source of 「 IIIiDIDNOTPROGRESSUNIFORMLYORSTEADILYBUTHEDIDPROGRESSONTHE1/VHOLE MAKING AND T00L― USiNG CREATURE WHO FROM A FAIRLY INEFFICIENT AN!MAL TO A T00L― DOMINATED THE VVHOLE PLANET BY HIS NUMBERS AND B漱 ::[:η晏[li:Fギ ∫」][担 ACTIVITY,AND HAS NOⅥ′ONLY TO LEARN TO CONTROL Hい I. INTRODUCTION upon certain aspects a review of the evidence bearing paper I propose to present by H' D' 7futhis This topic was first dealt with ur,d Mesolithic t"tft*togy in lndia' Llof Palaeolithi. -
Evolución De La Presencia Guti En Mesopotamia Y Su Papel En El Colapso Del Imperio Acadio
EVOLUCIÓN DE LA PRESENCIA GUTI EN MESOPOTAMIA Y SU PAPEL EN EL COLAPSO DEL IMPERIO ACADIO Elena Torres (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) RESUMEN La presencia de población guti en Mesopotamia se ha interpretado tradicionalmente como producto de la irrupción brusca de este pueblo de los Zagros en la Mesopotamia de finales del Imperio acadio. Los testimonios de que disponemos son escasos y oscuros, indirectos en su mayoría. Nos permiten vislumbrar sin embargo que Gutium está presente en la zona desde mucho antes, y su relación con la cultura mesopotámica adopta diferentes roles en distintos momentos: como frontera oriental en las vías de comercio a larga distancia en época sumeria, como tributarios del Imperio sargónida y finalmente como el grupo de población que aprovecha una coyuntura de vacío de poder al final del período acadio para hacerse con el control efímero de una pequeña parte del territorio que antes había conformado el gran Imperio acadio. ABSTRACT The presence of Gutian population in Mesopotamia has been traditionally interpreted as a consequence of the irruption of this people from the Zagros into the Mesopotamia of the late Akkadian empire. The statements we have are scant and dubious, mainly indirect. They let us nevertheless discern that Gutium is present on the zone from much before, and its relationships with Mesopotamian culture adopt different rolls in different moments: as an eastern border in the long distance merchandising routes at Sumerian time, as tributary land of the Sargonid empire, and finally as a group of population that takes advantage of the power vacuum at the end of the Akkadian period to obtain an ephemeral control of a small part of the territory that had once constituted the great Akkadian empire. -
Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia” Arises out of the World’S First G
copertina2 12-12-2000 12:55 Seite 1 “Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia” arises out of the world’s first J. A. Moggi-Cecchi Doyle G. A. Raath M. Tobias V. P. Dual Congress that was held at Sun City, South Africa, from 28th June to 4th July 1998. “Dual Congress” refers to a conjoint, integrated meeting of two international scientific Humanity associations, the International Association for the Study of Human Palaeontology - IV Congress - and the International Association of Human Biologists. As part of the Dual Congress, 18 Colloquia were arranged, comprising invited speakers on human evolu- from African Naissance tionary aspects and on the living populations. This volume includes 39 refereed papers from these 18 colloquia. The contributions have been classified in eight parts covering to Coming Millennia a wide range of topics, from Human Biology, Human Evolution (Emerging Homo, Evolving Homo, Early Modern Humans), Dating, Taxonomy and Systematics, Diet, Brain Evolution. The book offers the most recent analyses and interpretations in diff rent areas of evolutionary anthropology, and will serve well both students and specia- lists in human evolution and human biology. Editors Humanity from African Humanity Naissance from to Coming Millennia Phillip V. Tobias Phillip V. Tobias is Professor Emeritus at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, where he Michael A. Raath obtained his medical doctorate, PhD and DSc and where he served as Chair of the Department of Anatomy for 32 years. He has carried out researches on mammalian chromosomes, human biology of the peoples of Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi Southern Africa, secular trends, somatotypes, hominin evolution, the history of anatomy and anthropology. -
Current Anthropology
Forthcoming Current Anthropology Wenner-Gren Symposium Current Anthropology Supplementary Issues (in order of appearance) Current VOLUME 58 SUPPLEMENT 17 DECEMBER 2017 The Anthropology of Corruption. Sarah Muir and Akhil Gupta, eds. Cultures of Militarism. Catherine Besteman and Hugh Gusterson, eds. Patchy Anthropocene. Anna Tsing, Nils Bubandt, and Andrew Mathews, eds. Anthropology Previously Published Supplementary Issues Engaged Anthropology: Diversity and Dilemmas. Setha M. Low and Sally Engle Merry, eds. THE WENNER-GREN SYMPOSIUM SERIES Corporate Lives: New Perspectives on the Social Life of the Corporate Form. December 2017 Damani Partridge, Marina Welker, and Rebecca Hardin, eds. The Origins of Agriculture: New Data, New Ideas. T. Douglas Price and HUMAN COLONIZATION OF ASIA IN THE LATE PLEISTOCENE Ofer Bar-Yosef, eds. GUEST EDITORS: CHRISTOPHER J. BAE, KATERINA DOUKA, The Biological Anthropology of Living Human Populations: World Histories, AND MICHAEL D. PETRAGLIA National Styles, and International Networks. Susan Lindee and Ricardo Ventura Santos, eds. Human Colonization of Asia in the Late Pleistocene Human Biology and the Origins of Homo. Susan Antón and Leslie C. Aiello, eds. Human Colonization of Asia in the Late Pleistocene: The History of an Invasive Species Potentiality and Humanness: Revisiting the Anthropological Object in 58 Volume A Genomic View of the Pleistocene Population History of Asia Contemporary Biomedicine. Klaus Hoeyer and Karen-Sue Taussig, eds. Testing Modern Human Out-of-Africa Dispersal Models Using Dental Nonmetric Data Alternative Pathways to Complexity: Evolutionary Trajectories in the Middle Archaic Hominin Populations in Asia before the Arrival of Modern Humans: Their Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age. Steven L. Kuhn and Erella Hovers, eds. -
Early Artefacts from Pakistan? Some Questions for the Excavators Hemingway, Martin F; Stapert, Dick; Dennell, R W
University of Groningen Early Artefacts from Pakistan? Some Questions for the Excavators Hemingway, Martin F; Stapert, Dick; Dennell, R W Published in: Current Anthropology IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 1989 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Hemingway, M. F., Stapert, D., & Dennell, R. W. (1989). Early Artefacts from Pakistan? Some Questions for the Excavators. Current Anthropology, 30(3), 317-322. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 30-09-2021 Early Artefacts from Pakistan? Some Questions for the Excavators Author(s): Martin F. -
A Review of the Early Acheulian Evidence from South Asia by Parth R
A review of the Early Acheulian evidence from South Asia by Parth R. Chauhan Abstract South Asia represents the easternmost geographical occurrence of typical Acheulian biface assemblages in spatial and temporal abundance. All Acheulian evidence from this region is found in a rich mosaic of diverse palaeoenvironmental, geographical, and landform contexts, highlighting the dynamic adaptive and behavioral strategies of South Asian hominins during the Pleistocene. These assemblages have been traditionally categorised as either Early or Late Acheulian, based primarily on the absence or presence of certain tool-types or evident techniques. The earliest Acheulian evidence in South Asia is represented by unique technological attributes such as the absence of the Levallois technique, a relatively low number of cleavers, and a higher presence of core-tools and choppers, when compared with the Late Acheulian. Recent excavations and associated dating efforts by investigators working in several parts of peninsular India have revealed that the Early Acheulian in South Asia may extend well beyond the Matuyama/Brunhes transition. However, the frequency of these early occurrences within the subcontinent is low, reasons for which are currently unknown. In contrast, there is a significant and marked intensification in hominin activity and land-use from the Middle Pleistocene and onwards. South Asian Acheulian tool-types are generally comparable in techno-morphology with similar assemblages known from other parts of the Old World and represent direct technological influence from Africa, where the earliest Acheulian sites are documented. This paper reviews the evidence for the Early Acheulian in South Asia and discusses the unique attributes that separate such assemblages from the Late Acheulian, generally found in younger geomorphological contexts.