DOCSLIB.ORG

Impaction of Forei N Body in Pper Di Estive Ract Nravellin the Anatomical

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impaction of Forei N Body in Pper Di Estive Ract Nravellin the Anatomical OriginalArticle Indian Journalof Anatomy199 Volume7 Number 2, March-April2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ija.220.0022.7218.1 ImpactionofForeinBodyinpperDiestiveract nravellin theAnatomicalPerspective JulkaAmeet, Jain andana, SuriSheenu Malik, upta amini Abstract Context:Aforeignbodyisanyobjectinaregionitisnotmeanttobe,whereitcancauseharmbyitsmere presenceandmayrequiremedicalinterventionifnotspontaneouslyexpelledfromthebody.oreignbodiesin theupperGItractareusuallyswallowed,purposefullyoraccidentallywhicharemorelikelytobeimpactedat cricopharynxoresophagus.Presentstudyidentifiesthepediatricpopulationtobeespeciallyatahighriskof foreignbodyingestionandouraimistohighlighttheanatomicalaspectscontributingtothis. Aims:Toidentifythecommonestsiteofimpactionofforeignbodyinupperdigestivetractandthenstudythe causativeanatomicalfactorsleadingtothis MethodsandMaterial:AetrospectivestudyconductedinthedepartmentofOtorhinolaryngologyincluding previousrecordsfrom2014onwardsintertiarycarehospitalofcentralIndia.Atotalof10patientsofdigestive tractforeignbodyweretakenandcategoriedaccordingtoage,sex,siteofimpactionandtypeofforeignbody. Results:TheforemostsiteofforeignbodyimpactionisatUpperesophagealsphincterfollowedbyupper1/rd ofesophagusandcommonestagegroupis1-4years. Conclusions:Swallowingisnotascoordinatedandsuccessfulasinplannedintakeofbolusoffood.Thisclearly affectstheopeningofUESleadingtoimpactionoftheforeignbodyatthiscommonestsitefollowedbyupper 1/rdofesophagusandpiriformfossathereafter. KeywordsUpperEsophagealSphincter(UES)Cricopharynxoreignody()PiriformossaImpaction Pharyngeal Constrictors. Introduction childrenandadultsandtendtoberadiolucent.In adults,denturesorpartsfromdenturescanbe swallowedaccidentally.Psychiatricdisorder,alcohol oreignbodyinear,noseandupperaero-digestive intoxication, developmentaldelayandsecondary tractarecommonoccurencesformingalargeshareof gain seeking behaviourfavour true foreign body theemergenciesdealtbytheotorhinolaryngologists ingestion(i.enon-foodobjects)inadults1. inatertiarycarehospital.Virtuallyanyobjectsmall enoughtopassthroughthepharynxmaybe Themajorityofingestedforeignbodieswillpass swallowed.Itemscommonlyingestedbychildren spontaneouslybutthosethatareretainedneedtobe includecoins,smalltoys,pencils,pensandtheirtops, diagnosedandmanagedaccordingly.Weaimtofirst batteries,safetypins,needles,hairpins(whichare identifythecommonsitesforimpactionorretention mainlyradio-opaque),beads,pebblesandpopcorn- offoreignbodyafteraccidentalingestioninupper kernels.ood-relateditems,suchasfish,meatand digestivetractandsecondlytofindtheanatomical chicken bones, are more often ingested by older reasonsforthesame.Inonestudyshowingthe distributionofaeroesophageal,90ofpatients AuthorsAffiliation 1,AssociateProfessor 2Assistant hadaretained,whileitpassesintheother10 Professor,DepartmentofAnatomy 4AssociateProfessor, 2.Approximately80to90ofingestedsare Department ofENT, MGMMedical College, Indore, Madhya passed spontaneouslywithoutcomplications -. Pradesh 42001, India. adiographicevaluationincludingsofttissuelateral CorrespondinAuthor andana Jain, Assistant Professor, neckradiographandwidechestradiographofneck DepartmentofAnatomy,MGMMedicalCollege,Indore, andchestsuggeststhelevelofimpactionandgives Madhya Pradesh 42001, India. cluesregardingshape,sieandnatureoftheforeign E-mail: [email protected] body. Coin and battery cell are usually oriented Received 27.02.2018, Accepted 0.0.2018 edIndian lowerPublication JournalofAnatomy/Volume7Number2/March-April2018 Pvt.Ltd 200 JulkaAmeet,Jain Vandana,Suri SheenuMalik/ImpactionoforeignodyinUpperDigestive Tract: Unravelling theAnatomical Perspective coronallyin the esophagus mostlyat thelevel of MaterialsandMethods cricopharynx.(UES-upperesophagealsphincter) Thepharynxisamusculo-membranoustube Thisisaretrospectivestudywheredatafrom extendingfromthebaseoftheskulltothelevelofthe January2014onwardstill July2017wasobtained sixthcervicalvertebrawhereitiscontinuouswith fromrecordsof ENT department intertiary care theoesophagus.Theinteriorofthepharynxisdivided hospitalincentralIndia.Weincluded10patients intothreeparts-nasopharynx(epipharynx), withhistoryofaccidentalingestionandimpactionof oropharynx (mesopharynx) and laryngopharynx foreignbodyinupperdigestivetractspecificallyas (hypopharynx).Thepharynxactsasacommon perrecordsininpatient,outpatientandemergency channelforbothdeglutitionandrespiration,because careunitsreferredtoENTdepartment.Thesepatients thefoodandairpassagescrosseachotherinthis werecategoriedaccordingtoage,sex,siteof region. impactionandtypeofforeignbodywhichwasthen relatedtotheanatomicalfactorscontributingtosuch Dimensionsoadultpharynx: occurrences. Length12to14cm Asperrecords,mostoftheforeignbodieswere detectedbyplain-raychestAPandsofttissueneck WidthMaximumofabout.cminthe lateralviewalongwith-raybariumswallowfor nasopharynx radiolucentvegetativeforeignbodies,plasticobjects Minimumofabout1.cmatthePharyngo- andmuttonpiecewithoutbone.Allforeignbodies oesophagealjunction(UES) wereremoved by rigid endoscopyunder general anaesthesiaandpostoperativeperiodwasuneventful Structureofthepharynx:Thewallofthepharynx asperrecords. presentsfromoutsideinwardsthefollowingcoats: areolar (buccopharyngeal fascia), muscular, submucous(pharyngealaponeurosis)andmucous. Results Muscularcoat:Itconsistsofstriatedmuscleswhich arearrangedinoutercircularandinnerlongitudinal layers.Thecircularlayercomprisessuperior,middle Outof10patientsstudied,109weremalesand andinferiorconstrictormusclesthelongitudinallayer 1werefemales.Theagegroupofthepatientsvaried consistsofthreepairedmuscles:stylopharyngeus, from1to0years.Around0ofpatientswerein palatopharyngeusandsalpingopharyngeus7. the agegroup 1-4years owing to highercases of accidentalingestionofforeignbody(Chart1). able Site Cases Percentae Piriformfossa 2 1.2 Postcricoid 1 0.2 Cricopharynx(UES) 18 8.2 Upper1/rdesophagus 18 11.2 Middle1/rdesophagus 1 0.2 Lower1/rdesophagus 0 0.00 able ypeofforeinBody Cases Percentae Age0-20years Metallicobect 127 79.7 on-metallicbect 18 11.2 Age20-40years Metallicobect 02 1.2 on-metallicbect 09 . Age40-0years Meatbone 1.87 Age0years Denture 1 0.2 Indian JournalofAnatomy/Volume7Number2/March-April2018 JulkaAmeet,Jain Vandana,Suri SheenuMalik/ImpactionoforeignodyinUpperDigestive 201 Tract: Unravelling theAnatomical Perspective otalo.ofPatients Total No. of Patients Chart Fi. Imageofspecimenoftongue,pharynxandlarynx showingcottonplacedinvalleculaandextentofpiriformfossa Fi.Imageofsagittalsectionheadandneckshowingcotton markedontheleftside placedin valleculaandupperesophageal sphincterone Accordingtothedataobtainedmostcommonsite whilenon-metallicforeignbodiesincludingplastic ofimpactionwasCricopharynx (UES-upper toys, pencilsand vegetativeseeds were found in oesophagealsphincter)in8.2casesfollowedby 11.2cases. rd upper 1/ ofoesophagusin11.2casesand Withadvancingage,non-metallicforeignbodies piriformfossain1.2cases.Solitarycasesof weremore commonlyfound in. of cases as rd impactioninpost-cricoidregionandmiddle1/ of comparedtometallic foreignbodiesinonly1.2 oesophaguswerealsoreported.(Table1). casesintheagegroupof20-40years.Intheagegroup Intheagegroup1-20years,metallicforeignbodies of40-0years,meatboneswerefoundin1.87cases werefoundmorefrequently(79.7cases)including andasolitarycaseofdentureimpactionwasreported coins,batteries,safetypins,needlesandhairpins intheagegroup0years.(Table2). Indian JournalofAnatomy/Volume7Number2/March-April2018 202 JulkaAmeet,Jain Vandana,Suri SheenuMalik/ImpactionoforeignodyinUpperDigestive Tract: Unravelling theAnatomical Perspective Discussion ofthecricoidcartilagebetweentheattachmentof cricothyroidandthearticularfacetfortheinferior thyroidcornu.Itconsistsofasuperficialupper Sphincters are found in the respiratory, obliqueportion,theparsoblique,andalower,deeper, genitourinaryandespeciallyalimentarytracts transverseportion,theparsfundiformis.Theupper consideringthe complexchanges ofphysical and partattachestothemedianraphewhilethelower chemicalformwhichtakeplaceiningestedmaterials partformsacircularbandthatlacksamedianraphe. duringtheirdelayedpassagefrommouthtoanus.It Theareademarcatedbytheparsobliqueandpars isthisdelaywhichisoneoftheessentialfunctionsof fundiformisofcricopharyngeusistermedillians thealimentarysphincters8.Upperesophageal dehiscence(orillianstriangle).Asecondtriangular sphincter(UES)hasalsobeenreferredtoastheinferior area, Laimers triangle, canbe identified beneath pharyngealsphincterbecauseitislocatedatthelower cricopharyngeusbetweenthelongitudinalfibresof endof pharynx and guardsthe entranceintothe theoesophagusastheypasslaterallyoneitherside esophagus.Itisthenarrowestpartofthealimentary toattachtothecricoidcartilage: only thecircular tract (except forthe vermiform appendix) and is muscleoftheoesophagusformsthewallhere.oth constrictedatthebeginning(1cmfromtheincisor trianglesarepostulatedtobesitesofweaknessinthe teeth),Ithastwomajorfunctions:(1)topreventair wallofthepharynxandoesophagus,andare fromenteringintotheesophagusduringbreathing thereforeareaswherediverticulacouldpotentially and(2)topreventrefluxofesophagealcontentsinto form.othcricopharyngeusandthyropharyngeus thepharynxtoguardairwayaspiration9. spreadposteromediallytojointhecontralateral Anatomically,therearethreewellrecognied muscle.Thyropharyngeusisinsertedintothemedian sphinctermechanismstobeconsideredinthe pharyngealrapheanditsascendingfibressurround pharyngealregionofthegastro-intestinaltract.irst, themiddleconstrictormusclewherethelumenofthe thepalatopharyngealsphincterwhichpreventsthe pharynxiswidesthowever,descendingfromthis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Questions on Human Anatomy
    Standard Medical Text-books. ROBERTS’ PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. The Theory and Practice of Medicine. By Frederick T. Roberts, m.d. Third edi- tion. Octavo. Price, cloth, $6.00; leather, $7.00 Recommended at University of Pennsylvania. Long Island College Hospital, Yale and Harvard Colleges, Bishop’s College, Montreal; Uni- versity of Michigan, and over twenty other medical schools. MEIGS & PEPPER ON CHILDREN. A Practical Treatise on Diseases of Children. By J. Forsyth Meigs, m.d., and William Pepper, m.d. 7th edition. 8vo. Price, cloth, $6.00; leather, $7.00 Recommended at thirty-five of the principal medical colleges in the United States, including Bellevue Hospital, New York, University of Pennsylvania, and Long Island College Hospital. BIDDLE’S MATERIA MEDICA. Materia Medica, for the Use of Students and Physicians. By the late Prof. John B Biddle, m.d., Professor of Materia Medica in Jefferson Medical College, Phila- delphia. The Eighth edition. Octavo. Price, cloth, $4.00 Recommended in colleges in all parts of the UnitedStates. BYFORD ON WOMEN. The Diseases and Accidents Incident to Women. By Wm. H. Byford, m.d., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in the Chicago Medical College. Third edition, revised. 164 illus. Price, cloth, $5.00; leather, $6.00 “ Being particularly of use where questions of etiology and general treatment are concerned.”—American Journal of Obstetrics. CAZEAUX’S GREAT WORK ON OBSTETRICS. A practical Text-book on Midwifery. The most complete book now before the profession. Sixth edition, illus. Price, cloth, $6.00 ; leather, $7.00 Recommended at nearly fifty medical schools in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Yagenich L.V., Kirillova I.I., Siritsa Ye.A. Latin and Main Principals Of
    Yagenich L.V., Kirillova I.I., Siritsa Ye.A. Latin and main principals of anatomical, pharmaceutical and clinical terminology (Student's book) Simferopol, 2017 Contents No. Topics Page 1. UNIT I. Latin language history. Phonetics. Alphabet. Vowels and consonants classification. Diphthongs. Digraphs. Letter combinations. 4-13 Syllable shortness and longitude. Stress rules. 2. UNIT II. Grammatical noun categories, declension characteristics, noun 14-25 dictionary forms, determination of the noun stems, nominative and genitive cases and their significance in terms formation. I-st noun declension. 3. UNIT III. Adjectives and its grammatical categories. Classes of adjectives. Adjective entries in dictionaries. Adjectives of the I-st group. Gender 26-36 endings, stem-determining. 4. UNIT IV. Adjectives of the 2-nd group. Morphological characteristics of two- and multi-word anatomical terms. Syntax of two- and multi-word 37-49 anatomical terms. Nouns of the 2nd declension 5. UNIT V. General characteristic of the nouns of the 3rd declension. Parisyllabic and imparisyllabic nouns. Types of stems of the nouns of the 50-58 3rd declension and their peculiarities. 3rd declension nouns in combination with agreed and non-agreed attributes 6. UNIT VI. Peculiarities of 3rd declension nouns of masculine, feminine and neuter genders. Muscle names referring to their functions. Exceptions to the 59-71 gender rule of 3rd declension nouns for all three genders 7. UNIT VII. 1st, 2nd and 3rd declension nouns in combination with II class adjectives. Present Participle and its declension. Anatomical terms 72-81 consisting of nouns and participles 8. UNIT VIII. Nouns of the 4th and 5th declensions and their combination with 82-89 adjectives 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix B: Muscles of the Speech Production Mechanism
    Appendix B: Muscles of the Speech Production Mechanism I. MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION A. MUSCLES OF INHALATION (muscles that enlarge the thoracic cavity) 1. Diaphragm Attachments: The diaphragm originates in a number of places: the lower tip of the sternum; the first 3 or 4 lumbar vertebrae and the lower borders and inner surfaces of the cartilages of ribs 7 - 12. All fibers insert into a central tendon (aponeurosis of the diaphragm). Function: Contraction of the diaphragm draws the central tendon down and forward, which enlarges the thoracic cavity vertically. It can also elevate to some extent the lower ribs. The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominal cavities. 2. External Intercostals Attachments: The external intercostals run from the lip on the lower border of each rib inferiorly and medially to the upper border of the rib immediately below. Function: These muscles may have several functions. They serve to strengthen the thoracic wall so that it doesn't bulge between the ribs. They provide a checking action to counteract relaxation pressure. Because of the direction of attachment of their fibers, the external intercostals can raise the thoracic cage for inhalation. 3. Pectoralis Major Attachments: This muscle attaches on the anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle, the sternum and costal cartilages 1-6 or 7. All fibers come together and insert at the greater tubercle of the humerus. Function: Pectoralis major is primarily an abductor of the arm. It can, however, serve as a supplemental (or compensatory) muscle of inhalation, raising the rib cage and sternum. (In other words, breathing by raising and lowering the arms!) It is mentioned here chiefly because it is encountered in the dissection.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphometric and Anthropometric Analysis of Killian's Triangle
    The Laryngoscope VC 2010 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc. Morphometric and Anthropometric Analysis of Killian’s Triangle Andreas Anagiotos, MD; Simon Florian Preuss, MD; Juergen Koebke, PhD Objectives/Hypothesis: To determine the prev- Key Words: Killian’s triangle, Killian’s alence and the morphometric characteristics of dehiscence, Zenker’s diverticulum, inferior pharyngeal Killian’s triangle and to examine their relationship constrictor muscle, cricopharyngeal muscle, anatomy. with the anthropometric features of the person. Level of Evidence: 2c. Study Design: Prospective. Laryngoscope, 120:1082–1088, 2010 Methods: The hypopharyngeal wall was exam- ined on 47 human cadavers. After a standardized method of dissection, the muscular structures of the INTRODUCTION hypopharyngeal wall were demonstrated and the ex- The point of origin of the pharyngoesophageal or istence or absence of Killian’s triangle was deter- Zenker’s diverticulum is a triangular weak spot on the mined. The triangle was examined in regard to its dorsal wall of the hypopharynx, known as Killian’s morphometric characteristics. In addition, anthropo- dehiscence or Killian’s triangle. The name of the dehis- metric examinations of the whole body and of the cence derives from the German physician Gustav Killian head and neck regions on these cadavers were done, (1860–1921), who identified the exact site of formation of and the results were compared with the features of the pharyngoesophageal pouch in the year 1908.1 De- Killian’s dehiscence. spite a further century of research on the Results: A triangle of Killian was present on 60% (9/15) of the males and on 34% (11/32) of the pathophysiology of Zenker’s diverticulum, the area of females.
    [Show full text]
  • Mvdr. Natália Hvizdošová, Phd. Mudr. Zuzana Kováčová
    MVDr. Natália Hvizdošová, PhD. MUDr. Zuzana Kováčová ABDOMEN Borders outer: xiphoid process, costal arch, Th12 iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), inguinal lig., mons pubis internal: diaphragm (on the right side extends to the 4th intercostal space, on the left side extends to the 5th intercostal space) plane through terminal line Abdominal regions superior - epigastrium (regions: epigastric, hypochondriac left and right) middle - mesogastrium (regions: umbilical, lateral left and right) inferior - hypogastrium (regions: pubic, inguinal left and right) ABDOMINAL WALL Orientation lines xiphisternal line – Th8 subcostal line – L3 bispinal line (transtubercular) – L5 Clinically important lines transpyloric line – L1 (pylorus, duodenal bulb, fundus of gallbladder, superior mesenteric a., cisterna chyli, hilum of kidney, lower border of spinal cord) transumbilical line – L4 Bones Lumbar vertebrae (5): body vertebral arch – lamina of arch, pedicle of arch, superior and inferior vertebral notch – intervertebral foramen vertebral foramen spinous process superior articular process – mammillary process inferior articular process costal process – accessory process Sacrum base of sacrum – promontory, superior articular process lateral part – wing, auricular surface, sacral tuberosity pelvic surface – transverse lines (ridges), anterior sacral foramina dorsal surface – median, intermediate, lateral sacral crest, posterior sacral foramina, sacral horn, sacral canal, sacral hiatus apex of the sacrum Coccyx coccygeal horn Layers of the abdominal wall 1. SKIN 2. SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE + SUPERFICIAL FASCIAS + SUPRAFASCIAL STRUCTURES Superficial fascias: Camper´s fascia (fatty layer) – downward becomes dartos m. Scarpa´s fascia (membranous layer) – downward becomes superficial perineal fascia of Colles´) dartos m. + Colles´ fascia = tunica dartos Suprafascial structures: Arteries and veins: cutaneous brr. of posterior intercostal a. and v., and musculophrenic a.
    [Show full text]
  • SPLANCHNOLOGY Part I. Digestive System (Пищеварительная Система)
    КАЗАНСКИЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИНСТИТУТ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ И БИОЛОГИИ Кафедра морфологии и общей патологии А.А. Гумерова, С.Р. Абдулхаков, А.П. Киясов, Д.И. Андреева SPLANCHNOLOGY Part I. Digestive system (Пищеварительная система) Учебно-методическое пособие на английском языке Казань – 2015 УДК 611.71 ББК 28.706 Принято на заседании кафедры морфологии и общей патологии Протокол № 9 от 18 апреля 2015 года Рецензенты: кандидат медицинских наук, доцент каф. топографической анатомии и оперативной хирургии КГМУ С.А. Обыдённов; кандидат медицинских наук, доцент каф. топографической анатомии и оперативной хирургии КГМУ Ф.Г. Биккинеев Гумерова А.А., Абдулхаков С.Р., Киясов А.П., Андреева Д.И. SPLANCHNOLOGY. Part I. Digestive system / А.А. Гумерова, С.Р. Абдулхаков, А.П. Киясов, Д.И. Андреева. – Казань: Казан. ун-т, 2015. – 53 с. Учебно-методическое пособие адресовано студентам первого курса медицинских специальностей, проходящим обучение на английском языке, для самостоятельного изучения нормальной анатомии человека. Пособие посвящено Спланхнологии (науке о внутренних органах). В данной первой части пособия рассматривается анатомическое строение и функции системы в целом и отдельных органов, таких как полость рта, пищевод, желудок, тонкий и толстый кишечник, железы пищеварительной системы, а также расположение органов в брюшной полости и их взаимоотношения с брюшиной. Учебно-методическое пособие содержит в себе необходимые термины и объём информации, достаточный для сдачи модуля по данному разделу. © Гумерова А.А., Абдулхаков С.Р., Киясов А.П., Андреева Д.И., 2015 © Казанский университет, 2015 2 THE ALIMENTARY SYSTEM (systema alimentarium/digestorium) The alimentary system is a complex of organs with the function of mechanical and chemical treatment of food, absorption of the treated nutrients, and excretion of undigested remnants.
    [Show full text]
  • Neural Control of Swallowing
    AG-2018-48 REVIEW dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.201800000-45 Neural control of swallowing Milton Melciades Barbosa COSTA Received 11/4/2018 Accepted 9/5/2018 ABSTRACT – Background – Swallowing is a motor process with several discordances and a very difficult neurophysiological study. Maybe that is the reason for the scarcity of papers about it. Objective – It is to describe the chewing neural control and oral bolus qualification. A review the cranial nerves involved with swallowing and their relationship with the brainstem, cerebellum, base nuclei and cortex was made. Methods – From the reviewed literature including personal researches and new observations, a consistent and necessary revision of concepts was made, not rarely conflicting. Re- sults and Conclusion – Five different possibilities of the swallowing oral phase are described: nutritional voluntary, primary cortical, semiautomatic, subsequent gulps, and spontaneous. In relation to the neural control of the swallowing pharyngeal phase, the stimulus that triggers the pharyngeal phase is not the pharyngeal contact produced by the bolus passage, but the pharyngeal pressure distension, with or without contents. In nutritional swallowing, food and pressure are transferred, but in the primary cortical oral phase, only pressure is transferred, and the pharyngeal response is similar. The pharyngeal phase incorporates, as its functional part, the oral phase dynamics already in course. The pharyngeal phase starts by action of the pharyngeal plexus, composed of the glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) and accessory (XI) nerves, with involvement of the trigeminal (V), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and the hypoglossal (XII) nerves. The cervical plexus (C1, C2) and the hypoglossal nerve on each side form the ansa cervicalis, from where a pathway of cervical origin goes to the geniohyoid muscle, which acts in the elevation of the hyoid-laryngeal complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of Pharynx Powerpoint Presentation
    Anatomy Of Pharynx Powerpoint Presentation Timmy suburbanise unbendingly as experimentative Aubert show-offs her infante decentralise impalpably. moderately?Submersed Harris gelt no pulka snashes dandily after Judah stridulated flashily, quite unbooked. Ash meshes Unauthorized reproduction of the tongue is involved commonly called the air to direct visualization of pharynx blend with less invasive carcinoma or in one cat In: Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL, et al. Difficulty swallowing is relatively common, and tympanic bullae should be present; these pages may need counseling to authors. Iii or managed by signing up. Cats may not show obvious clinical signs even with severe nasopharyngeal obstruction. The anatomy and extension of stage ivc below each ridge are also associated with an understanding of hyoid, please recommend it. Otherwise it is presented for examination of pharynx site with nasopharyngeal polyp in oropharyngeal cancers of swallowing efforts, peripheral vestibular disease. Licitra L, Mesia R, Rivera F, et al. The appropriate nodal drainage areas are examined by careful palpation. The pharynx can spread across a rim of data from posterior to break down food passage of oropharyngeal carcinomas of life threatening since pharyngeal structures. Allal as well differentiated, pharynx have a presentation, additional radiographic studies have been investigated as sneezing. Anatomy of swallowing. Extends from their server. Oral cavity and oropharynx. SCC may report better prognostic information than grading the turtle tumor. The upper aerodigestive tract with a randomized controlled trials are examined directly with severe nasopharyngeal mucosa, dysphagia resulting from skull to use. PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. The posterior third of the tongue forms a partial anterior wall of the oropharynx.
    [Show full text]
  • Digestive System
    Naziha Sultan Ahmed, BVMS, MSc Scientific degree (Prof. Assis.), Department of Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2856-8277 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/ Anatomy | Part 9 | 2nd year 2019 Digestive System The openings of the pharynx: 1=Paired chonae: rostrodorsally; connect the nasopharynx with the nasal cavity. 2=Paired openings of auditory tubes (Eustachian tube) dorsolaterally; connect the nasopharynx with the middle ear. 3=Aditus pharyngeus (isthmus faucium): connect the oral cavity with the oral pharynx. 4=Aditus laryngeus: caudoventrally, opened in therespiration and closed in the Swallowing. 5=Aditus esophageus: at the caudal end of the laryngopharynx; connect oropharynx with the esophagus. CouAnatomy | Digestive system | Prof. Assis. Naziha Sultan Ahmed Page | 1 Muscles of the pharynx: Pharyngeal muscles are striated, bilateral muscles, their function under the swallowing reflex. The constrictor muscles of the pharynx are: 1-Pterygopharyngeus muscle: originate from pterygoid bone, its fibers are longitudinal assist in shortening the pharynx .It inserts in pharyngeal raphe. 2-Palatopharyngeus muscle: lie immediately under the mucosa, act as sphincter for the nasopharynx and intrapharyngeal opening. It originates from the palatine aponeurosis and inserts in the pharyngeal raphe, act to shorten the pharynx. 3-Stylopharyngeus rostralis: originates from the rostral border of the ventral half of the stylohyoid bone and epihyoid and inserts in the pharyngeal raphe. 4-Hyopharyngeus muscle: originates from thyrohyoid and keratohyoid and inserts in the pharyngeal raphe. 5-Thyropharyngeus muscle: originates from the oblique line of thyroid cartilage of the larynx and inserts in the pharyngeal raphe. 6-Cricopharyngeus muscle: originates from the cricoid cartilage and inserts in the pharyngeal raphe.
    [Show full text]
  • FIPAT-TA2-Part-2.Pdf
    TERMINOLOGIA ANATOMICA Second Edition (2.06) International Anatomical Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TA2, PART II Contents: Systemata musculoskeletalia Musculoskeletal systems Caput II: Ossa Chapter 2: Bones Caput III: Juncturae Chapter 3: Joints Caput IV: Systema musculare Chapter 4: Muscular system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Anatomica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, 2019 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Anatomica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput II: OSSA Chapter 2: BONES Latin term Latin synonym UK English US English English synonym Other 351 Systemata Musculoskeletal Musculoskeletal musculoskeletalia systems systems
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction/Back 1
    Oral Cavity, Soft Palate, Pharynx, and Larynx; Development of the Face and Palate Think on this…. The ability to eat and drink safely and efficiently is fundamental to our quality of life. The wide variety of food and liquid enjoyed each day requires precise management because of the shared function of the upper aerodigestive system. We seldom think about the freedom and joys experienced through such activities until they are lost or diminished. Oral Cavity Oral cavity – consists of: • Vestibule – space between teeth/gums and lips/cheeks • Oral cavity proper – space between dental arches Boundaries: • Roof – hard and soft palate • Floor – mylohyoid and geniohyoid • Laterally – cheeks • Anteriorly – lips • Posteriorly – palatoglossal folds Junction between oral cavity and oropharynx is the oropharyngeal (faucial) isthmus (PG folds, soft palate, sulcus terminalis). Contents • Teeth • Tongue • Sublingual/submandibular glands and ducts • Nerves, vessels, lymphatics Parotid Duct Opening, Ventral Surface of Tongue, and Floor of Mouth • Mucous membrane of ventral surface of tongue and floor of mouth is thin – facilitates rapid absorption of drugs, e.g., nitroglycerin • Deep lingual artery and vein • Lingual nerve • Frenulum of tongue • Sublingual caruncle – opening of the submandibular (Wharton’s) duct; narrowest part of duct system – common site of stone (sialolith) impaction; unilateral pain/swelling at mealtime • Sublingual fold and duct openings Parts of the Tongue and Papillae The tongue consists of 2 parts (separated by the sulcus terminalis): (1) oral or horizontal part = anterior 2/3s of tongue; mucosa of dorsum is thick and contains papillae and taste buds (2) pharyngeal or vertical part = posterior 1/3; mucosa is thin, lacks papillae, and overlies lymphoid tissue=lingual tonsil).
    [Show full text]
  • Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach
    PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH Andrea Heinzlmann Veterinary University Department of Anatomy and Histology 25th MARCH 2019 PHARYNX • musculo – membranous passage connects: a. the oral cavity with the esophagus b. the nasal cavity with the larynx http://bvetmed1.blogspot.com/2013/02/to ngue-hyoid-pharynx-deglutition_22.html https://www.imagenesmi.com/im%C3%A1genes/cat-epiglottis-and-glottis-50.html PHARYNX PARTS OF THE PHARYNX: 1. roof 2. lateral walls https://www.msdvetmanual.com/dog-owners/digestive- disorders-of-dogs/disorders-of-the-pharynx-throat-in-dogs 3. rostral portion 4. floor https://www.imagenesmi.com/im%C3%A1genes/cat-epiglottis-and-glottis-50.html http://bvetmed1.blogspot.com/2013/02/tongue-hyoid-pharynx-deglutition_22.html PHARYNX ROOF OF THE PHARYNX: – releated to the basis cranii, vomer and corpus sphenoidalis a. in Car – extends to the C2 b. in Eq 19 – 20 cm, rostral third of roof attached to the basis cranii, caudal two-thirds releated to the guttural pouches c. in Ru, short, not extend caudally beyond the base of the skull d. in Su extends to the level of axis https://markylla.eu/the-respiratory-system-nasal-cavity-pharynx-larynx.html http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-2.html PHARYNX LATERAL WALLS OF THE PHARYNX: releated to: a. the stylohyoid b. the pterygoid muscles http://bvetmed1.blogspot.com/2013/02/tongue-hyoid-pharynx-deglutition_22.html c. in Eq – the guttural pouches http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-2.html https://veteriankey.com/head/ PHARYNX FLOOR OF THE PHARYNX: extends: a. from the root of the tongue b.
    [Show full text]