JFQJOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Lessons from Kosovo Military Transformation Effects-Based Operations Spring02 POWs and Missing Personnel Installation Force Protection A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY JOURNAL The only thing harder than getting a new idea into the military mind is to get an old idea out. —Basil Liddell Hart JFQ AWord fromthe B–52 returning from Afghanistan. Combat Camera Squadron (Cedric H. Rudisill) Combat Camera Squadron st Chairman 1 n the last issue of Joint Force Quarterly, I out- first priority was accelerating transformation. lined my three top priorities as Chairman— With the President setting the goal, Secretary winning the global war on terrorism, im- Rumsfeld is aggressively taking action to change I proving joint warfighting capabilities, and the Department of Defense on many fronts, from transforming the Armed Forces. In this issue, I revamping military strategy to streamlining the want to discuss in more detail my thoughts on planning, programming, and budgeting system transformation, the third priority. and adopting better business practices. Transformation has become one of the The area of transformation that I am most hottest topics inside the Beltway—and with good concerned about is military transformation, reason. Highlighting the urgent need to protect a much narrower slice of the larger DOD effort. America from terrorism, President Bush, speaking During testimony before the House and Senate at the Citadel last December, declared that his (continued on page 4) Spring 2002 / JFQ 1 ■ CONTENTS 1 A Word from the Chairman 60 Operational Deception in the by Richard B. Myers Information Age by Milan N. Vego 8 From the Field and Fleet: Letters to the Editor 67 The Evolution of Peace JFQ Operations Doctrine ■ by Richard B. Lovelock 12 Lessons from the War in Kosovo by Benjamin S. Lambeth 20 Military Transformation and Legacy Forces by Williamson Murray and Thomas O’Leary 28 Europe’s Military Revolution by François L.J. Heisbourg 33 The Republic of Korea Approaches the Future by Jiyul Kim and Michael J. Finnegan 41 Australia and the Quest for the Knowledge Edge by Michael Evans 52 Seeking Synergy: Joint Effects-Based Operations by Price T. Bingham 74 Creating a New Path for Joint Education PHOTO CREDITS by Robert M. Antis and Claudia H. Clark The cover of this issue shows AH–1W, Enduring Freedom (USS Bonhomme Richard/Spike Call). The front inside cover 82 Recovering and Accounting features CH–46 hoisting emergency personnel at Apra for Prisoners of War and Harbor, Guam (Fleet Imaging Command, Pacific/Marjorie McNamee); soldiers clearing house near Kamenica, Missing Personnel Kosovo, during Joint Guardian (55th Signal Company/ by Thomas E. Erstfeld Christina Ann Bennett); F–15Es on line being readied for Enduring Freedom (U.S. Air Force/Dave Nolan); and Marine tanks on Egyptian range, Bright Star ’01/’02. The 89 Closing the Barn Door— table of contents depicts Land Warrior fighting system (Fort McPherson/Susan Norvick) and P–3 departing (Fleet Installation Force Protection Combat Camera Group, Pacific/Arlo K. Abrahamson). The back inside cover captures E–3 AWACS taking off from Elmendorf Air Force Base, by John L. Cirafici Alaska, Northern Edge ’01 (U.S. Air Force/Wayne Clark). The back cover pictures USS Curtis Wilbur in the North Arabian Sea for Enduring Freedom (U.S. Navy/Ted Banks); amphibious assault vehicle on Red Beach, Kernel Blitz (13th Marine 94 Planning War in Peacetime Expeditionary Unit/Fidencio J. Hernandez); F–15C climbing from Kadena by Michael C. Desch airbase, Japan, Cope North ’02–1 (18th Communications Squadron/Marvin Krause); and M1 tank during force-on-force training, Bright Star ’01/’02 (55th Signal Company/Robert Hyatt). 2 JFQ / Spring 2002 SPRING 2002 / NUMBER 30 ■ OF CHIEFS AND CHAIRMEN 111 The Fight for Peace: A Book Review 105 George Henry Decker by Geoffrey D.W. Wawro ■ THE JOINT WORLD 113 MacArthur’s Air War: 107 Doctrine and Lessons Learned A Book Review by Thomas E. Griffith, Jr. ■ OFF THE SHELF 114 110 War by Any Name: Military History A Book Review Reconsidered: by Kalev Sepp A Book Review by Holger H. Herwig Joint Force Quarterly Stephen J. Flanagan Robert A. Silano Lieutenant Colonel Peter L. Hays, USAF Director Director of Publications Executive Editor Institute for National Strategic Studies Institute for National Strategic Studies Editor-in-Chief Editor Martin J. Peters, Jr. Calvin B. Kelley William A. Rawley Production Coordinator Copy Editor U.S. Government Printing Office Art Director JFQ is published for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff portions of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted topics of common interest to the Armed Forces (see page 116 by the Institute for National Strategic Studies, National De- without permission of copyright proprietors. An acknowledg- for details). Please direct all editorial communications to: fense University, to promote understanding of the integrated ment to Joint Force Quarterly should be made whenever mate- Editor, Joint Force Quarterly employment of land, sea, air, space, and special operations rial is quoted from or based on its contents. ATTN: NDU–NSS–JFQ forces. The journal focuses on joint doctrine, coalition warfare, This publication has been approved by the Secretary of De- 300 Fifth Avenue (Bldg. 62) contingency planning, combat operations conducted by the fense. All previous issues have been published electronically Fort Lesley J. McNair unified commands, and joint force development. and are available over the Internet at the address indicated Washington, D.C. 20319–5066 The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations ex- below. Paid subscriptions to JFQ are offered through the U.S. pressed or implied within are those of the contributors and do Government Printing Office. Telephone: (202) 685–4220 / DSN 325–4220 not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Defense The editors invite articles and other contributions on joint Fax: (202) 685–4219 / DSN 325–4219 or any other agency of the Federal Government. Copyrighted warfighting, interservice issues that support jointness, and e-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine ISSN 1070–0692 May 2002 Spring 2002 / JFQ 3 ■ Joint Force Quarterly A WORD FROM THE CHAIRMAN Gen Richard B. Myers, USAF (continued from page 1) Publisher Armed Services Committees in February, I said ADVISORY COMMITTEE that the goal of military transformation is foster- ing changes that result in a dramatic improve- VADM Paul G. Gaffney II, USN ■ National Defense University Chairman ment over time in the way combatant comman- ders wage war. First, we must acknowledge that LTG John P. Abizaid, USA ■ The Joint Staff such improvement requires more than new tech- BG David A. Armstrong, USA (Ret.) ■ Office of the Chairman nology; it must involve change across the Armed Forces in areas such as doctrine, organization, MG Reginal G. Clemmons, USA ■ National War College training, people, and facilities. Second, it calls for A. Denis Clift ■ Joint Military Intelligence College a cultural change in our thinking and use of our RADM David R. Ellison, USN ■ Naval Postgraduate School capabilities to achieve more effective results. Third, military transformation requires improved ■ BG Mark P. Hertling, USA The Joint Staff interoperability, flexibility, and adaptability to Col Craig S. Huddleston, USMC ■ Marine Corps Command and Staff College support and achieve national security objectives in a dynamic international environment. MG David H. Huntoon, USA ■ U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Having established the broad outline for the MG Robert R. Ivany, USA ■ U.S. Army War College process of military transformation, the next step is Maj Gen Edward L. LaFountaine, USAF ■ Joint Forces Staff College determining how to achieve it. In the near term, we need to focus on improving joint linkages, fus- MajGen Harold Mashburn, Jr., USMC ■ Industrial College of the Armed Forces ing combat power, and eliminating gaps and Maj Gen Bentley B. Rayburn, USAF ■ Air War College seams among combatant commands, services, and RADM Rodney P. Rempt, USN ■ Naval War College supporting defense agencies. We must improve joint command, control, communications, com- Brig Gen John T. Sheridan, USAF ■ Air Command and Staff College Col John H. Turner, USMC ■ Marine Corps War College not surprisingly, it is easier EDITORIAL BOARD to study past revolutions than to Stephen J. Flanagan ■ National Defense University Chairman create or control new ones Richard K. Betts ■ Columbia University Col John M. Calvert, USAF ■ Joint Forces Staff College puters, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnais- 4 Col Stephen D. Chiabotti, USAF ■ School of Advanced Airpower Studies sance (C ISR) capabilities to better connect all these entities in the battlespace. Finally, we need Eliot A. Cohen ■ The Johns Hopkins University to synchronize and leverage ongoing service trans- COL Robert A. Doughty, USA ■ U.S. Military Academy formation through continuous joint experimenta- LtCol Thomas J. Felts, USMC ■ Marine Corps War College tion under U.S. Joint Forces Command (JFCOM). I firmly believe that by integrating combat power ■ Aaron L. Friedberg Princeton University and the core competencies of the services we will Alan L. Gropman ■ Industrial College of the Armed Forces accelerate transformation and create the changes COL Timothy S. Heinemann, USA ■ U.S. Army Command and General Staff College necessary to address an array of both current and future threats to national security. CAPT Chester E. Helms, USN ■ Naval War College The need for change is not new. History is re- COL Paul Herbert, USA ■ National War College plete with militaries that deliberately pursued new ideas, while in more recent years much has been Mark H. Jacobsen ■ Marine Corps Command and Staff College written about a revolution in military affairs Daniel T. Kuehl ■ Information Resources Management College (RMA). JFQ alone has published over thirty articles Thomas L. McNaugher ■ The RAND Corporation on all aspects of the subject. Not surprisingly, it is much easier to study past revolutions than to cre- William H.