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DAHUK, ERBIL& SULAYMANIYAH GOVERNORATE PROFILES POST-FEBRUARY 2006 IDP NEEDS ASSESSMENTS JUNE 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section: Page: I. IOM Assessment Background 1 Dahuk il rb II. Overview 2 E S 1. Area Background u la a y 2. Restrictions on IDP Entry or Registration ew m in a N n iy 3. Ethnicity and Religion a h 4. Places of Origin Kirkuk 5. Reasons for Displacement S al 6. Pre-2006 IDP Population ah a l- Di D n iy 7. IDP Relations w/ Host Community a 8. IDP Intentions la III. Emergency Assessment and Needs 5 Baghdad 1. Security 5 Kerbala Wassit Babylon Q Security, Vulnerabilities, Women and Children ad Anbar is si 2. Shelter and Basic Services 7 ya Shelter (living arrangements), Evictions, Missan Thi-Qar Food/PDS, Water and Sanitation, Fuel and Najaf Electricity, Health Care, Education, Employment Basrah Muthanna 3. Legal 12 Property Issues and Documentation IV. Humanitarian Assistance Received 13 V. Priority Needs 13 Top Priority Needs, JOC Project Recommendations VI. Conclusion 15 VII. Maps 17 I. POST-FEBRUARY 2006 IDP ASSESSMENTS: BACKGROUND Iraq has a long history of displacement; over 5 million Iraqis have been forced to flee their homes to seek refuge internally or abroad. Policies carried out by Saddam’s regime, including the draining of the marshes in the south, the “Arabization” and “Anfal” campaigns, in addition to infighting and wars, caused the internal displacement of over one million people by 2003. Military operations were the primary cause of internal displacement between 2003 and 2005, and around 200,000 people still remain displaced from this period. However, the most alarming rate of displacement occurred after the February 2006 bombing of the Samarra Al-Askari Mosque. Due primarily to sectarian violence, 1.6 million people were internally displaced in the past two years alone, according to government figures.1 It is estimated that 2.3 – 2.5 million Iraqis have fled abroad. IOM is conducting on-going, in-depth assessments of recently displaced persons throughout Iraq. Monitors use Rapid Assessment questionnaires to gather information from IDP families, the Ministry of Displacement and Migration (MoDM), IDP tribal and community leaders, local NGOs, and local government bodies. Based on a database of this information, IOM disseminates bi-weekly, bi-annual, and annual reports containing updates, statistics, and analysis on displacement.2 This information assists IOM and other organizations in prioritizing areas of operation, planning emergency responses and designing long-term programs. This is one of six Iraq Governorate Profile reports released by IOM biyearly, which analyze the displacement situation in each Iraqi governorate. 1 Based on information provided by MoDM and the Kurdistan Regional Government. See latest IDP Working Group Update on IDPs, June 2007. 2 IOM reports are available at http://www.iom-iraq.net/idp.html. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION II. OVERVIEW Dahuk Erbil Sulaymaniyah Capital Dahuk Erbil Sulaymaniyah Choman, Erbil, Koisnjaq, Chamchamal, Darbandihkan, Amedi, Dahuk, Sumel, Makhmur (officially in Kirkuk Dokan, Halabja, Kalar, Districts Zakho but administered by KRG), Penjwin, Pshdar, Rania, Mergasur, Shaqlawa, Soran Sharbazher, Sulaymaniya Population3 954,087 1,392,093 1,715,585 4 18,733 families (est. 104,948 10,339 families (est. 62,034 14,254 families (est. 79,672 Total post-Feb 2006 IDPs individuals) individuals) individuals) 5 22,474 families (est. 134,844 32,813 families (est. 196,878 50,465 families (est. 302,790 Total pre-Feb 2006 IDPs individuals) individuals) individuals) Number of post-Feb 2006 2,981 families (est. 17,886 4,476 families (est. 26,856 4,886 families (est. 29,316 IDPs assessed by IOM6 individuals) individuals) individuals) 1. Area Background The northern governorates of Dahuk, Erbil, and Sulaymaniyah comprise the most stable area in Iraq and operate in a de facto autonomy under the authority of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). However, the area is not immune to instability and violence. The areas along the border with Iran and Turkey experience intermittent shelling and attacks, which have displaced hundreds of families over the past two years. In March, a car bomb outside of a popular hotel in Sulaymaniyah killed one person and wounded scores more. However, the north’s relative stability makes it a destination for IDPs of all ethnicities and religions fleeing from the south and center. But increased restrictions of entry into the north make movement difficult. KRG authorities are wary of the demographic changes displacement may cause and are conscious of the heavy burden IDP influx is placing on the area’s limited resources and infrastructure. The area’s relative stability has attracted a large international presence, with many humanitarian organizations basing their Iraq operations in Erbil city. Dahuk lies at the very northern tip of Iraq, bordered by Turkey. It has the largest number of post- 2006 IDPs of the three governorates and the least number of pre-2006 IDPs. Erbil city, the capital Erbil governorate and the Kurdistan region, is believed to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and a major stop on the Silk Road. It is growing rapidly and is a popular destination for IDPs. Many humanitarian organizations working in Iraq are based here. Sulaymaniyah is bordered by Iran and hosts the most IDP population for pre-2006 IDPs of the northern governorates and the largest number of pre-2006 IDPs of any governorate in Iraq. It is an important economic center for Iraq and has strong economic ties with Iran. 2. Restrictions on IDP Entry or Registration IDPs who do not originate from Dahuk, Erbil, or Sulaymaniyah must be sponsored by a resident from the three governorates. Once in the KRG region, IDPs must obtain temporary residency permission by registering with several different government authorities including the Residency Office, the Security Office, the Department of Displacement and Migration, and the office of the 3 As per the Iraq Living Conditions Survey, UNDP and Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation, 2004. 4 As per the Kurdistan Regional Government. See latest IDP Working Group Update on IDPs, June 2007. 5 As per UNOPs/UNHCR, December 2005. See latest IDP Working Group Update on IDPs, June 2007. 6 Please note that this is the number of post-February 2006 IDPs assessed by IOM, not the total number of IDPs in the governorate. 2 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION local mayor. The borders of Dahuk, Erbil, and Sulaymaniyah continue to be tightly controlled to maintain the relatively high level of stable security in the region. In some cases IDPs may be turned away, and they are generally not permitted to bring furniture into Dahuk with them. Registered numbers of IDPs remain problematic because of lack of coordination between KRG immigration authorities and those in Baghdad. In addition, some IDPs may be moving out of Kurdistan or returning to their homes without informing the government for fear of having their temporary residence permission revoked. 3. Ethnicity and Religion Compared to the rest of the country, a large number of Chaldean and Assyrian Christians, as well as Kurdish Sunnis, have fled to the north, while much fewer Shia Arabs have chosen to flee to these governorates. RELIGION & ETHNICITY Dahuk Erbil Sulaymaniyah Area All Iraq Sunni Arab 2.4% 21.8% 64.1% 34.1% 27.9% Christian Chaldean 31.5% 23.5% 0.2% 16.0% 2.0% Sunni Kurd 35.6% 39.7% 22.2% 31.6% 3.4% Christian Assyrian 20.8% 5.9% 0.04% 7.2% 3.3% Shia Arab 2.1% 1.6% 9.8% 5.0% 60.0% Christian Armenian 4.0% 1.1% 0.02% 1.4% 0.1% Shia Kurd 0.2% 0.0% 2.5% 1.1% 0.7% Christian Kurd/Other/Arab 0.4% 2.9% 0.1% 1.0% 0.1% Sunni Turkmen 0.4% 0.5% 0.3% 0.4% 1% Yazidi Kurd 0.04% 0.00% 0.4% 0.2% 0.00% Sabean Mandean 0.03% 0.18% 0.3% 0.2% 0.02% Other 0.0% 0.8% 0.1% 0.3% 0.02% 4. Places of Origin Dahuk !. il rb E 0.12%!. S u la For both Dahuk and Erbil, the largest percentage of IDPs a !. y ew m in a N 47.71% n continues to come from Baghdad (58% and 45%, Kirkuk iy!. a 2.33%!. h respectively) and Ninewa (30% and 48%). In 0.80%!. Sulaymaniyah, the largest percentage now comes from S al ah a !. l-D D Baghdad (51%), whereas most used to come from Diyala in 1.79% i y a la !. (now at 42%). 45.30% Baghdad 0.68% !. !. !. Kerbala Was !. 0.07%0.09% sit !. Babylon Q Dahuk a il d Anbar is !. rb s 0.02%!. i E ya !. S Missan u !. la !. y a !.0.05% ew m Thi-Qar in a Najaf N 1.78% n !. Kirkuk 0.12%iy Dahuk !. Basrah a il !. h b 0.09% r !. 0.16% 0.64% E !. Muthanna !. S u 0.93% l !. 40.39% 0.03% a a !. y S ew m al in a ah N n i al !. !.y -D D Kirkuk a i h n iy !. 50.68% a la 0.76% !. 41.50% 0.07%!. Baghdad S 3.05% 0.12% al !. ah !. a !. l- !. 0.06% Wa Di D !. 0.46% ssit n 0.03% iy a Kerbala BabylonQ l a a di 57.65% Anbar ss !. !. !. i ya Baghdad Thi-Qar Missan !. !. !. 0.41% Kerbala 0.03%!. Wassit !. 0.10% !. BabylonQ Najaf ad Anbar is !. si Basrah !. ya !. 0.44%!. Missan Muthanna !. !. Thi-Qar Najaf Basrah 0.07% !. 0.55%!. Muthanna 3 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION 5.
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