IDP FACTSHEET:

SULAYMANIYAH GOVERNORATE

DATA COLLECTED: 25 JUNE – 1 JULY 2014 Summary

Sulaymaniyah governorate is located in the north of , with a population of nearly IDPs coming in to Sulaymaniyah are predominantly arriving from Anbar, Diyala and two million, according to figures from 2009. It hosts a significant number of internally Salah al-Din governorates. There is considerable variation in the area of origin of displaced persons (IDPs), who have fled other areas of Iraq, notably Anbar, Salah al- IDPs depending on the time of arrival, with those arrivals prior to June 2014 mostly Din and Diyala governorates; in order to seek temporary refuge in what is perceived to travelling from Anbar province, but higher proportions of IDPs arriving in June 2014 be a more secure area. The sudden influx of IDPs to Sulaymaniyah governorate since are from Diyala, Salah al-Din and govenrorates. Most enter Sulaymaniyah early June 2014 causes a considerable challenge to aid actors in terms of the scarcity through the entry points in (34%), Tasluja (33%) or (20%). of the information available on the situation of affected persons. To help addressing this critical information gap, Assessment teams from the REACH Initiative were rapidly Once inside Sulaymaniyah governorate, IDPs are settling in towns and cities based deployed throughout the Kurdish Region of Iraq (KRI) to identify the location, numbers, primarily on tribal affiliations, as well as on the presence of family and the displacement patterns, priority needs, and specific vulnerabilities of IDP populations. availability of housing. In addition many IDPs reported choosing their location on the basis of high security conditions relative to their area of origin. Between 25 June and 1 July 2014, REACH teams were deployed across several areas in Sulaymaniyah Governorate that were reported to have experienced a significant IDP A majority live in rented accommodation, a condition that leads to rental support influx. In total, 495 IDP families being identified as a common priority need. Given that a majority of IDPs are were assessed in Sulaymaniyah dependent on their own savings as a means of support, the affordability of housing City, as well as Chamchamal, will remain a common concern. As yet only 26% have reported a secondary Kalar, Piramagrun, , Said displacement, and 89% of these are within Sulaymaniyah. However, as time passes Sadiq and Darbandikha towns. the need to move to find affordable housing might drive secondary displacement. This factsheet highlights key findings on displacement trends, Almost all IDPs reported leaving their area of origin as a direct result of conflict, and intentions and most urgent 88% intend to remain away until conflict ends. Given the vagaries of the current needs based on data collected security situation in many parts of Iraq this leads to a great deal of uncertainty on through short surveys, the part of IDPs as to their intentions. complemented with information from daily monitoring at key The dispersal of IDPs in relatively peripheral districts of Sulaymaniyah governorate entry points across the KRI to means that the delivery of relief assistance has thus far been sparse, with only 20% triangulate displacement trends. reporting having received any assistance. Food, rental support and household items are the most commonly cited priority needs.

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DISPLACEMENT DATE OF ARRIVAL INTO SULAYMANIYAH DURING JUNE 2014 The rapid growth in the scope and effect of conflict in large sections of north and central Iraq during June 2014 has exacerbated already existing internal displacement 30% 25% patterns. In Sulaymaniyah, IDP populations largely originating from Anbar and arriving 20% in the KRI from late 2013 have been joined by family members and new IDPs as 15% conditions in Anbar, Ninewa, Salah al-Din and Diyala have deteriorated. 10% 5% CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT 0%

96% LEFT THEIR PLACE OF ORIGIN BECAUSE OF CONFLICT OCCURRING IN

THEIR VILLAGE/NEIGHBOURHOOD OR DISTRICT The peak date of arrival was 18 June and included 30% of IDPs arriving from Anbar,

Salah al-Din (13%) and Diyala (43%) governorates. This reflects the differing area of The immediate presence of conflict and insecurity was by far the main determining origin of IDPs in Sulaymaniyah from that of IDPs in other governorates of the KRI, factor for displacement, indicating that families most likely left with very little time to where the peak date of arrival is earlier in June as large proportions of IDPs originate in gather belongings and make necessary preparations and around , the battle for which began on 6 June.

OCCURRENCES AND LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT In Sulaymaniyah, IDPs are predominantly fleeing the escalation of conflict south and

east of , especially in Salah al-Din governorate where violence escalated with the 55% OF IDP FAMILIES WERE DISPLACED FOR LESS THAN 1 DAY 11 June attack on , and subsequently spread to neighbouring .

Of governorates making up more than 10% of the sample size IDPs from Anbar governorate reported stopping the most, on average the 38% of respondents from 19% IDP HOUSEHOLDS ARRIVED BEFORE JUNE 2014 AND 80% Anbar who stopped did so four times. 96% of IDP families who stopped in transit did so OF THESE ORIGINATE FROM ANBAR. at least once in the KRI, 89% stopped elsewhere in Sulaymaniyah governorate.

The peak date of arrival prior to June was 7 January 2014. The two busiest months for ENTRY POINTS USED IDP arrivals before June 2014 were January (29% of pre-June arrivals) and May (26%). The high number of IDPs arriving in Sulaymaniyah in January is timed with the Iraqi THE MAIN ENTRY POINTS USED BY IDPS WERE KHANAQIN (34%) IN DIYALA state offensive against armed opposition groups in Anbar from December 2013, hence 97% of IDPs entering KRI in January originate in Anbar. GOVERNORATE AND TASLUJA (33%) IN SULAYMANIYAH GOVERNORATE. The May 2014 peak suggests a rise in conflict prior to the attack on Mosul, and while most IDP arrivals in this month were from Anbar (65% of May arrivals) the earliest Most of the IDPs now based in Sulaymaniyah enter the KRI through one of the arrival dates for IDPs from Ninewa (4%) and Salah al-Din (%) were in May 2014. Sulaymaniyah entry points: Khanaqin (34%), Tasluja (33%) or Chamchamal (20%).

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FAMILY 33% ORIGINATE IN DISTRICT, ANBAR GOVERNORATE

In total 35% of assessed IDP families came from Diyala, 11% from Salah al-Din, 9% 70% ARRIVED WITH ALL IMMEDIATE FAMILY MEMBERS from Baghdad, 4% from Ninewa and 1% from Babylon. Within Salah al-Din Of those with family members still in their area of origin (5 persons on average), 76% governorate (40%) and (45%) are the most common districts of origin. reported that these will join the family in Sulaymaniyah. A majority of IDPs (74%) said 52% of those from Diyala were from Al-Muqdadiya district, 24% from Baquba and 11% they were in regular contact with people in their area of origin. from al-Khalis. There are also IDPs from Khanaqin (9%), a border district in Diyala governorate that currently hosts a large number of IDPs. IDP AREA OF ORIGIN REASONS FOR CHOOSING SULAYMANIYAH GOVERNORATE

27% CAME TO SULAYMANIYAH DUE TO TRIBAL AFFILIATIONS

A further 22% said they came due to the presence of family, 22% because of perceived high security conditions and 17% because of availability of housing.

The draw of tribal affiliations was particularly strong in areas outside Sulaymaniyah City, where 46% of respondents named this as the primary reason for choosing their current location – as high as 61% in Chamchamal. Within Sulaymaniyah City the presence of family (27%), high security (26%) and availability of shelter (23%) were all more commonly cited than tribal affiliation (14%).

The high proportion of IDPs reporting tribal affiliations in Sulaymaniyah compared to the rest of KRI could be a result of the different ethnic background of IDPs in the governorate, typically with a higher ratio of Arab to Kurdish IDPs. This would then explain the higher reporting of tribal affiliations in rural areas than Sulaymaniyah City, where IDPs are required to have a sponsor to enter, and as a result most Arab IDPs do not go to Sulaymaniyah.

41% of those from residing in the Piramagrun subdistrict of Dokan reported choosing the area because of the high security environment, possibly because of the particularly weak security in their areas of origin – Dokan has high proportions of IDPs from Salah al-Din (39%) and Ninewa (20%) compared to other districts of Sulaymaniyah.

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22% of IDPs in were hosted by family, compared to the average of 6% at INTENTIONS governorate level; while 18% of those in Dokan lived in collective shelters, compared to a 2% governorate average. PLANNED STAY OR MOVEMENT PRIMARY MEANS OF COVERING BASIC NEEDS 72% INTEND TO STAY IN SULAYMANIYAH FOR THE NEXT 10 DAYS

Among these, IDPs currently located in Dokan were the most numerous to report their 56% RELY ON THEIR OWN SAVINGS AS THEIR ONLY MEANS OF intention to stay in their current location (80%). SUPPORT Almost one-third (29%) did not know what they were going to do over the next 10 day period. Only 1% of IDPs assessed intended to return home in the next 10 days. In Chamchamal, the proportion of IDPs relying only on their own savings as their only However, the increasing uncertainty regarding economic resources will begin to means of support was particularly high (72%). IDPs from this area also reported a high influence IDPs’ decision to leave their current location if living costs are high. It is degree of uncertainty in the sustainability of economic resources, with 93% of IDP indicative that Dokan has the lowest average cost of rented accommodation in the families reporting they did not know how long their resources would last. Given that all governorate, 59,500 IQD per week (c. $50), compared to 101,812 IQD per week (c. the IDP families assessed in Chamchamal are staying in rented accommodation, costs $85) governorate-wide. of living in this area are relatively high, and cash needs are important.

Across Sulaymaniyah governorate, a majority of IDPS (74%) reported using their own PRIMARY REQUIREMENTS FOR RETURN TO PLACE OF ORIGIN savings as one source of income, followed by support from family or friends (9%), charitable donations (6%), employment (7%), and no form of support (7%). 88% SAID THEY WOULD WAIT UNTIL THE CONFLICT ENDS IN THEIR AREA OF ORIGIN BEFORE RETURNING. SUSTAINABILITY OF ECONOMIC RESOURCES This is consistent with the reasons for leaving – 96% left because of a state of conflict 57% WERE UNSURE HOW LONG THEIR CURRENT MEANS OF SUPPORT WILL LAST. in their district or neighbourhood of origin. The focus on an end to conflict as a 8% reported having resources for more than one month. Among those who reported condition for return does not significantly vary between area of origin or current using their own savings, 20% reported having resources that would last less than one location. 8% did not know whether and under which conditions they would return to week, 18% have resources for one to two weeks, 14% for three weeks to a month and their area of origin, 2% cited a return of pre-conflict security conditions, and only 2% 12% for more than a month. 35% of those using their own savings did not know how had no plan to return. long these savings would last.

CURRENT SITUATION More than 1 month 8% 3 - 4 weeks 12% PRIMARY TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION 1 - 2 weeks 19% 60% OF ASSESSED HOUSEHOLDS WERE LIVING IN RENTED HOUSING Less than 1 week 4% The type of housing varied depending on the locations in which IDPs resided. Don't know 57% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

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EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE CASE STUDY: KHANAQIN is located in the northern area of Diyala province, sharing a border with the 19% REPORTED RECEIVING SOME ASSISTANCE SINCE ARRIVING IN SULAYMANIYAH of Sulaymaniyah governorate in the KRI. Controlled by Kurdish forces, Khanaqin city The variation between areas was high. Over half of those in Chamchamal have and the north of the district is now a relative safe zone for IDPs seeking refuge from elsewhere in received assistance (56%). Of those, 70% received shelter improvement, and 30% Diyala governorate. The situation in Khanaqin contextualises the specific circumstances of the received food. Across all areas shelter improvement (41%) and food (31%) were the IDP crisis facing Sulaymaniyah, and illustrates the specific situation of IDPs seeking access to the most commonly reported forms of assistance received. governorate but unable to enter.

PRIORITY NEEDS IN SULAYMANIYAH GOVERNORATE 96% left their area of origin because of conflict in their district or neighbourhood, 2% because of anticipated conflict and 2% because of service disruption. 49% chose Khanaqin st nd rd 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Priority because of the availability of housing, 23% because of security and 21% because of the Food 44% 23% 24% presence of tribal members. This latter proportion reflects the situation in Sulaymaniyah Fuel 4% 12% 6% governorate itself, especially Chamchamal, and reflects the ethnic profile of IDPs and lack of Health 8% 5% 14% family connections in the Kurdish region. Household Items 4% 27% 18% Less than 1% of those assessed were from Ninewa province, the rest originated in Diyala. 58% Rental Support 24% 23% 11% of those assessed were from al-Muqdadiya governorate in Diyala, 29% were IDPs from Sanitation 2% 1% 3% elsewhere in Khanaqin district, which is partly occupied by Armed opposition Groups (AOGs). Shelter Improvement 14% 4% 11% The peak date of departure from area of origin was 15 June (23%) and the peak date of arrival Water 1% 4% 5% was the same date (18%), reflecting the short distances between conflict zones and relative Do not know 0% 1% 8% safety in the area of displacement. Similarly 84% did not stop in another location before The table below summarises the areas and number of IDP families who were covered arriving in Khanaqin.

by REACH assessments. In-depth information is available through area-specific Of those assessed, 68% are staying in collective housing, often schools. 32% are staying in the factsheets available on the Humanitarian Response Portal for Iraq operations. open air (a significantly higher proportion than in other areas of displacement assessed), mostly temporary tented settlements. Unsurprisingly the most common reported priority need was Location in Sulaymaniyah Governorate Number of IDP families assessed housing improvement (33%), followed by food (23%) and water (22%). This reflects the fact that Sulaymaniyah City 167 the ambiguous authority over the district has led to a slow response to IDP needs. This ambiguity Chamchamal Town 54 is also reflected in the intentions of IDPs. 69% did not know what they would do over the next Kalar Town 148 10 days, 19% intended to stay in Khanaqin, and 10% intended to return home. Piramagrun Town 56 Halabja 19 About REACH Initiative Said Sadiq 27 REACH facilitates the development of information tools and products that enhance the capacity of aid actors to make evidence-based decisions in emergency, recovery and development contexts. All REACH Darbandikha 23 activities are conducted within the framework of inter-agency aid coordination mechanisms. For more Total 494 information, you can write to: [email protected] or to our global office in Geneva geneva@reach- initiative.org. You can also visit our website www.reach-intiative.org or follow us @REACH_info.

5 IRAQ - Region of Iraq Primary and Secondary Displacements of IDPs For Humanitarian Purposes Only Production date: 2d of July 2014 to Sulaymaniyah Governorate - 23 to 29.06.2014

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a b ya u i IRAQ KHALIS s 'q ad ali a a d l-Kh B 6 iy q A am u 9 4 dh -M 1 A 1 l A SAUDI ARABIA Al-Khalis Secondary Displacement Assessment - REACH Initiative District of Origin of Households Country borders hosted in Sulaymaniyah Governorate (% of total number of Administrative boundaries: GADM/OCHA/HIC 2011 Households) Projection: GCS WGS 1984 (% of total) Governorate borders Contact: [email protected] Entry point used District borders File: Households Crossing IRQ_MOV_Suli_GOV2dDep_A4_02JUL2014 to Sulaymaniyah Governorate KRI governorates via Entry Point Note: Data, designations and boundaries Primary Displacement contained on this map are not warranted to NOTE: Only displacements more than 1% of total have been from Entry Point be error-free and do not imply acceptance represented on this map. Displacement from origin less than 1%: 17% by the REACH partners, associates or (% of total)