Idpfactsheet: Sulaymaniyah Governorate
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IDP FACTSHEET: SULAYMANIYAH GOVERNORATE DATA COLLECTED: 25 JUNE – 1 JULY 2014 Summary Sulaymaniyah governorate is located in the north of Iraq, with a population of nearly IDPs coming in to Sulaymaniyah are predominantly arriving from Anbar, Diyala and two million, according to figures from 2009. It hosts a significant number of internally Salah al-Din governorates. There is considerable variation in the area of origin of displaced persons (IDPs), who have fled other areas of Iraq, notably Anbar, Salah al- IDPs depending on the time of arrival, with those arrivals prior to June 2014 mostly Din and Diyala governorates; in order to seek temporary refuge in what is perceived to travelling from Anbar province, but higher proportions of IDPs arriving in June 2014 be a more secure area. The sudden influx of IDPs to Sulaymaniyah governorate since are from Diyala, Salah al-Din and Baghdad govenrorates. Most enter Sulaymaniyah early June 2014 causes a considerable challenge to aid actors in terms of the scarcity through the entry points in Khanaqin (34%), Tasluja (33%) or Chamchamal (20%). of the information available on the situation of affected persons. To help addressing Once inside Sulaymaniyah governorate, IDPs are settling in towns and cities based this critical information gap, Assessment teams from the REACH Initiative were rapidly deployed throughout the Kurdish Region of Iraq (KRI) to identify the location, numbers, primarily on tribal affiliations, as well as on the presence of family and the availability of housing. In addition many IDPs reported choosing their location on the displacement patterns, priority needs, and specific vulnerabilities of IDP populations. basis of high security conditions relative to their area of origin. Between 25 June and 1 July 2014, REACH teams were deployed across several areas in Sulaymaniyah Governorate that were reported to have experienced a significant IDP A majority live in rented accommodation, a condition that leads to rental support being identified as a common priority need. Given that a majority of IDPs are influx. In total, 495 IDP families were assessed in Sulaymaniyah dependent on their own savings as a means of support, the affordability of housing City, as well as Chamchamal, will remain a common concern. As yet only 26% have reported a secondary Kalar, Piramagrun, Halabja, Said displacement, and 89% of these are within Sulaymaniyah. However, as time passes Sadiq and Darbandikha towns. the need to move to find affordable housing might drive secondary displacement. This factsheet highlights key findings on displacement trends, Almost all IDPs reported leaving their area of origin as a direct result of conflict, and intentions and most urgent 88% intend to remain away until conflict ends. Given the vagaries of the current needs based on data collected security situation in many parts of Iraq this leads to a great deal of uncertainty on through short surveys, the part of IDPs as to their intentions. complemented with information from daily monitoring at key The dispersal of IDPs in relatively peripheral districts of Sulaymaniyah governorate entry points across the KRI to means that the delivery of relief assistance has thus far been sparse, with only 20% triangulate displacement trends. reporting having received any assistance. Food, rental support and household items are the most commonly cited priority needs. 1 DISPLACEMENT DATE OF ARRIVAL INTO SULAYMANIYAH DURING JUNE 2014 The rapid growth in the scope and effect of conflict in large sections of north and central Iraq during June 2014 has exacerbated already existing internal displacement 30% 25% patterns. In Sulaymaniyah, IDP populations largely originating from Anbar and arriving 20% in the KRI from late 2013 have been joined by family members and new IDPs as 15% conditions in Anbar, Ninewa, Salah al-Din and Diyala have deteriorated. 10% 5% CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT 0% 96% LEFT THEIR PLACE OF ORIGIN BECAUSE OF CONFLICT OCCURRING IN THEIR VILLAGE/NEIGHBOURHOOD OR DISTRICT The peak date of arrival was 18 June and included 30% of IDPs arriving from Anbar, Salah al-Din (13%) and Diyala (43%) governorates. This reflects the differing area of The immediate presence of conflict and insecurity was by far the main determining origin of IDPs in Sulaymaniyah from that of IDPs in other governorates of the KRI, factor for displacement, indicating that families most likely left with very little time to where the peak date of arrival is earlier in June as large proportions of IDPs originate in gather belongings and make necessary preparations and around Mosul, the battle for which began on 6 June. OCCURRENCES AND LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT In Sulaymaniyah, IDPs are predominantly fleeing the escalation of conflict south and east of Kirkuk, especially in Salah al-Din governorate where violence escalated with the 55% OF IDP FAMILIES WERE DISPLACED FOR LESS THAN 1 DAY 11 June attack on Baiji, and subsequently spread to neighbouring Diyala governorate. Of governorates making up more than 10% of the sample size IDPs from Anbar governorate reported stopping the most, on average the 38% of respondents from 19% IDP HOUSEHOLDS ARRIVED BEFORE JUNE 2014 AND 80% Anbar who stopped did so four times. 96% of IDP families who stopped in transit did so OF THESE ORIGINATE FROM ANBAR. at least once in the KRI, 89% stopped elsewhere in Sulaymaniyah governorate. The peak date of arrival prior to June was 7 January 2014. The two busiest months for ENTRY POINTS USED IDP arrivals before June 2014 were January (29% of pre-June arrivals) and May (26%). The high number of IDPs arriving in Sulaymaniyah in January is timed with the Iraqi THE MAIN ENTRY POINTS USED BY IDPS WERE KHANAQIN (34%) IN DIYALA state offensive against armed opposition groups in Anbar from December 2013, hence 97% of IDPs entering KRI in January originate in Anbar. GOVERNORATE AND TASLUJA (33%) IN SULAYMANIYAH GOVERNORATE. The May 2014 peak suggests a rise in conflict prior to the attack on Mosul, and while most IDP arrivals in this month were from Anbar (65% of May arrivals) the earliest Most of the IDPs now based in Sulaymaniyah enter the KRI through one of the arrival dates for IDPs from Ninewa (4%) and Salah al-Din (%) were in May 2014. Sulaymaniyah entry points: Khanaqin (34%), Tasluja (33%) or Chamchamal (20%). 2 FAMILY 33% ORIGINATE IN FALLUJAH DISTRICT, ANBAR GOVERNORATE In total 35% of assessed IDP families came from Diyala, 11% from Salah al-Din, 9% 70% ARRIVED WITH ALL IMMEDIATE FAMILY MEMBERS from Baghdad, 4% from Ninewa and 1% from Babylon. Within Salah al-Din Of those with family members still in their area of origin (5 persons on average), 76% governorate Tikrit (40%) and Samarra (45%) are the most common districts of origin. reported that these will join the family in Sulaymaniyah. A majority of IDPs (74%) said 52% of those from Diyala were from Al-Muqdadiya district, 24% from Baquba and 11% they were in regular contact with people in their area of origin. from al-Khalis. There are also IDPs from Khanaqin (9%), a border district in Diyala governorate that currently hosts a large number of IDPs. IDP AREA OF ORIGIN REASONS FOR CHOOSING SULAYMANIYAH GOVERNORATE 27% CAME TO SULAYMANIYAH DUE TO TRIBAL AFFILIATIONS A further 22% said they came due to the presence of family, 22% because of perceived high security conditions and 17% because of availability of housing. The draw of tribal affiliations was particularly strong in areas outside Sulaymaniyah City, where 46% of respondents named this as the primary reason for choosing their current location – as high as 61% in Chamchamal. Within Sulaymaniyah City the presence of family (27%), high security (26%) and availability of shelter (23%) were all more commonly cited than tribal affiliation (14%). The high proportion of IDPs reporting tribal affiliations in Sulaymaniyah compared to the rest of KRI could be a result of the different ethnic background of IDPs in the governorate, typically with a higher ratio of Arab to Kurdish IDPs. This would then explain the higher reporting of tribal affiliations in rural areas than Sulaymaniyah City, where IDPs are required to have a sponsor to enter, and as a result most Arab IDPs do not go to Sulaymaniyah. 41% of those from residing in the Piramagrun subdistrict of Dokan reported choosing the area because of the high security environment, possibly because of the particularly weak security in their areas of origin – Dokan has high proportions of IDPs from Salah al-Din (39%) and Ninewa (20%) compared to other districts of Sulaymaniyah. 3 22% of IDPs in Said Sadiq were hosted by family, compared to the average of 6% at INTENTIONS governorate level; while 18% of those in Dokan lived in collective shelters, compared to a 2% governorate average. PLANNED STAY OR MOVEMENT PRIMARY MEANS OF COVERING BASIC NEEDS 72% INTEND TO STAY IN SULAYMANIYAH FOR THE NEXT 10 DAYS Among these, IDPs currently located in Dokan were the most numerous to report their 56% RELY ON THEIR OWN SAVINGS AS THEIR ONLY MEANS OF intention to stay in their current location (80%). SUPPORT Almost one-third (29%) did not know what they were going to do over the next 10 day period. Only 1% of IDPs assessed intended to return home in the next 10 days. In Chamchamal, the proportion of IDPs relying only on their own savings as their only However, the increasing uncertainty regarding economic resources will begin to means of support was particularly high (72%). IDPs from this area also reported a high influence IDPs’ decision to leave their current location if living costs are high. It is degree of uncertainty in the sustainability of economic resources, with 93% of IDP indicative that Dokan has the lowest average cost of rented accommodation in the families reporting they did not know how long their resources would last.