Congressional Record-House. May 18

1318 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MAY 18,_ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. when the Senate refused to confirm the several treaties which he sub mitted, known as the Kasson treaties, and especially as he found no reason to believe that other attempts, however successful, would be THURSDAY, May 18, 1911. ratified by tlrn Senate. The overprotected interests, having gotten the 20 per cent increase, were unwilling to return any part of it to the The House met at 12 o'clock noon. people for any consideration. The Dingley law limited to two years from the time of its enactment the period within which the treatiel!I Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., as could be made. The interests had, therefore, only to prevent ratification follows: in the Senate fer these two years in order to benefit by the unint ended Almighty God, our heavenly . Father, we thank Thee for that increase from that time to this. Few utterances in our history will be longer remembered than Mc silent yet potent influence ever going out from Thee to Thy Kinley's last pathetic plea for reciprocity, at Buffalo, immediately pre children, leading them onward and upward to the things which ceding his assassination. A century hence it will be better appreciated make for Godliness in thought and action. Make us more than to-day, as will also the greed of those who have stayed the susceptible until we all come unto the measure of the stature Nation's progress these 15 years. of the fullness of Christ ; for Thine is the kingdom, and the THE PAYNE LAW AMPLY PROVIDES FOB RECIPROCITY. The Payne law is, in substance, the Din~ley law reenacted. The power, and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen. change!, whether " upward " or " downward, ' are mostly Immaterial, The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and like the reduction on sugar, from 72 per cent to 71 per cent. We are approved. substantially on the Dingley basis of 15 years ago, with the 20 per cent stlll in, though our manufacturing efficiency is greater and our .ARIZONA. A.ND NEW MEXICO. need of high rates is less and our need of foreign outlets is greater. On the other hand, our population has wonderfully increased, while Mr. FLOOD of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House our natural resources have been much depleted. At this particular do now resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole House moment our factories are running short-handed and many of them on the state of the Union for the further consideration of short hours. This is no time for aught but confidence and optimism. It is nevertheless true that our factories need orders and their opera House joint resolution 14, approving the constitutions of Arizona tives will be short In wages this year by hundreds of millions of dollars. and New Mexico as amended. l•'o r these and other reasons President Taft, and with McKinley's later The question was taken, and the motion was agreed to. and broader vision, and quite of his own motion, has opened again the door of opportunity, and it is inconceivable that Congress and the people Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee of will for a moment think of closing it again. • the Whole House on the state of the Union for the further con CANADA FIRST. sideration of House joint resolution 14; with Mr. GARRETT in It is particularly fortunate that the first treaty is with Canada the chair. which best deserves it. With only 8,00CT,000 population she is our third The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole best customer, and if cotton is excepted she is our second best, sur passed only by Great Britain with its 50,000,000 of people. Mr. Osborne House on the state of the Union for the further consideration of estimate11 that this treaty will almost immediately increase our trade House joint resolution 14, of wh.ich the Clerk will report the title. with Canada some $200,000,000. _ The Clerk read as follows: THE OVERPROTECTED INTERESTS OBJECT. Joint resolution approving the constitutions formed by the constitu There are only two objections made to this treaty. The first come9 tional conventions of the Territories of Arizona and New Mexico. from the overprotected manufacturers who see in this beginning a re lease of the American people from exploitation through excessive rates, Mr. FLOOD of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield one minute to that are not protective in any fair sense, but are ' discriminatory and the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. HARDWICK]. unfair. Tile present treaty touches no such rate and the objection ls .Mr. HARDWICK. Mr. Chairman, I rise for the purpose only therefore only because of the notice they get between the line that those rate11 will be protected when opportunity offers. Indeed, President of putting into the RECORD what I consider to be a very strong Taft otrered to lower such excessive rates upon finished products of . statement in favor of Canadian reciprocity by Mr. H. E. Miles, manufacture in this treaty. of Racine, Wis., secretary of the National Association of Manu THE AGRICULTURA.L SCHEDULE. facturers. While I by no means agree to all the conclusions The second and more interesting objection comes from our farmers. reached by the gentleman whose article I shall put in the Our farmers seem not to know that they sell their products on a free trade market and that their advantage from protection comes wholly RECOKD, yet it is a very strong and striking statement of the from the diversification of our industries and the development of an case, from one standpoint at least, in favor of Canadian reci enormous home market through the demands of the factories and their procity. I now ask leave to extend my remarks in the RECORD operatives for farm products. This is compensation enough for the granting of a reasonable and adequate protection. in this regard. So far as the agricultural rates in the tariff go our farmers have The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Georgia asks unani been bought with counterfeit money these many years. A vast amount mous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD. Is there ob of their products go abroad, as wheat, flour, meat, etc., and the price of grain on every farm in the United States, and equally in Canada, jection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. Russia, and South America, our competitors, is the Liverpool price, the The article is as follows: price in that common market where the produce of all export countries meet-it is this Liverpool price, less freight and sundry profits and CANA.DIAN RECIPROCITY .A.ND THE TA.RIFF. charges from each and every farm to that common market. 'l'he dll· FOREIGN TRADE, RECIPROCITY, AND CANADA, ference in price of wheat, for instance, between Winnipeg and Min· RACINE, WIS., March !9, 1911. neapolis, is not greater than the difference in price between many Good as Is the proposed treaty of reciprocity with Canada, It is a American States and other States immediately adjacent, as, for in· mistake to think of It only in itself. Rather it ls to be considered as stance, Oregon and California, Missouri and Arkansas, differences ex the first definite step In a program of international trade expansion plained a8 above, further modify in our countr;v occasionally by the quite beyond present calculations. great local demand of millers and brewers, thts latter modification, however, by no means great enough to affect international conditions. M'KINLEY :RATES EXCESSIVE • . The extent to which the farmer has been fooled In the rates given Wm The McKinley tarur was in many respects the highest our country is amusin: when reduced to figures. In 1907, for instance, as I has ever known. Said Col. George Tichenor, general appraiser, and remember, we had a billion-dollar corn crop. Our agricultural popula right-hand man of McKinley in the shaping of the McKinley bill : "The tion of 40,000,000,000 souls was protected on that crop by duties col controlling idea in the preparation of the McKinley bill was to dispose lected on imported corn in the munificent sum of $1,450-not enough of and prevent the accumulation of surplus revenue. It was in that to build an average good farmhouse for a newly married couple, much view that duties upon certain articles were made prohibitive, upon less to equip the average farm with the power conveyers, cream sep others higher than they otherwise would have been." The actual rates arnto1·s, gasoline engines, and other labor-saving devices that now make in the blll support this statement. The marvelous development of our farming a science and a delight. great industrial aggregations and their profits confirm it. The defeat Meat may be described as "condensed corn." What our farmers of McKinley's party in the next election showed what the people want is not protection against the very limited production of corn and thought of it. This action by McKinley forms an interesting answer food animals in Canada, but a reciprocity treaty with Germany and to those ultra protectionists who urge high rates as necessary to the other European countries whereby the latter countries will admit enor securing o:t necessary revenue. McKinley knew that high rates {exces mous quantities of our cheaper grades of meat to their market. With sive rates) decrease revenue by decreasing imports, in many cases to what grace can we ask Germany, for instance, to accept our cattle the extent o:t prohibition.

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