Aquatic Resource and Production
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Introduction to Marine Biology Course Guide
BIOLIntroduction to MarineF150 Biology Course Guide An Independent Learning Course 3 credit hours Developed and Graded by Susan DeLisa [email protected] University of Alaska Fairbanks Copyright © 2012 University of Alaska Fairbanks (revised 2.28.13) The University of Alaska Fairbanks is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer and educational institution. Table of Contents Preface Welcome ............................................................................................................................................ v Introduction Course Outline and Requirements..................................................................................................... v Part One Setting The Stage: Principles of Marine Science Lesson 1 The Scope, History and Practice of Marine Biology .........................................................................3 Lesson 2 The Benthic Environment ..................................................................................................................7 Lesson 3 The Pelagic Environment ................................................................................................................ 19 iii Lesson 4 Biological Principles, Cells, Organisms & Ecosystems .................................................................... 37 Welcome & Introduction Welcome Part Two The Players: A Survey of Marine Organisms Lesson 5 Microorganisms and the Tree of Life: A Huge Cast of Tiny Characters ......................................... 53 Lesson 6 The Producers: Marine Autotrophs -
Chub Mackerel, Scomber Japonicus (Perciformes: Scombridae), a New Host Record for Nerocila Phaiopleura (Isopoda: Cymothoidae)
生物圏科学 Biosphere Sci. 56:7-11 (2017) Chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus (Perciformes: Scombridae), a new host record for Nerocila phaiopleura (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) 1) 2) Kazuya NAGASAWA * and Hiroki NAKAO 1) Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan 2) Fisheries Research Division, Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Kamiura, Saeki, Oita 879-2602, Japan Abstract An ovigerous female of Nerocila phaiopleura Bleeker, 1857 was collected from the caudal peduncle of a chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (Perciformes: Scombridae), at the Hōyo Strait located between the western Seto Inland Sea and the Bungo Channell in western Japan. This represents a new host record for N. phaioplueura and its fourth record from the Seto Inland Sea and adjacent region. Key words: Cymothoidae, fish parasite, Isopoda, Nerocila phaiopleura, new host record, Scomber japonicus INTRODUCTION The Hōyo Strait is located between the western Seto Inland Sea and the Bungo Channell in western Japan. This strait is famous as a fishing ground of two perciform fishes of high quality, viz., chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (Scombridae), and Japanese jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844) (Carangidae), both of which are currently called“ Seki-saba” and“ Seki-aji”, respectively, as registered brands (e.g., Ishida and Fukushige, 2010). The brand names are well known nationwide, and the price of the fishes is very high (up to 5,000 yen per kg). Under these situations, the fishermen working in the strait pay much attention to the parasites of the fishes they catch because those fishes are almost exclusively eaten raw as“ sashimi.” Recently, a chub mackerel infected by a large parasite on the body surface (Fig. -
Does Climate Change Bolster the Case for Fishery Reform in Asia? Christopher Costello∗
Does Climate Change Bolster the Case for Fishery Reform in Asia? Christopher Costello∗ I examine the estimated economic, ecological, and food security effects of future fishery management reform in Asia. Without climate change, most Asian fisheries stand to gain substantially from reforms. Optimizing fishery management could increase catch by 24% and profit by 34% over business- as-usual management. These benefits arise from fishing some stocks more conservatively and others more aggressively. Although climate change is expected to reduce carrying capacity in 55% of Asian fisheries, I find that under climate change large benefits from fishery management reform are maintained, though these benefits are heterogeneous. The case for reform remains strong for both catch and profit, though these numbers are slightly lower than in the no-climate change case. These results suggest that, to maximize economic output and food security, Asian fisheries will benefit substantially from the transition to catch shares or other economically rational fishery management institutions, despite the looming effects of climate change. Keywords: Asia, climate change, fisheries, rights-based management JEL codes: Q22, Q28 I. Introduction Global fisheries have diverged sharply over recent decades. High governance, wealthy economies have largely adopted output controls or various forms of catch shares, which has helped fisheries in these economies overcome inefficiencies arising from overfishing (Worm et al. 2009) and capital stuffing (Homans and Wilen 1997), and allowed them to turn the corner toward sustainability (Costello, Gaines, and Lynham 2008) and profitability (Costello et al. 2016). But the world’s largest fishing region, Asia, has instead largely pursued open access and input controls, achieving less long-run fishery management success (World Bank 2017). -
A Preliminary Global Assessment of the Status of Exploited Marine Fish and Invertebrate Populations
A PRELIMINARY GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF EXPLOITED MARINE FISH AND INVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS June 30 2018 A PRELIMINARY GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF EXPLOITED MARINE FISH AND INVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS Maria. L.D. Palomares, Rainer Froese, Brittany Derrick, Simon-Luc Nöel, Gordon Tsui Jessika Woroniak Daniel Pauly A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA June 30, 2018 A PRELIMINARY GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF EXPLOITED MARINE FISH AND INVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS Maria L.D. Palomares1, Rainer Froese2, Brittany Derrick1, Simon-Luc Nöel1, Gordon Tsui1, Jessika Woroniak1 and Daniel Pauly1 CITE AS: Palomares MLD, Froese R, Derrick B, Nöel S-L, Tsui G, Woroniak J, Pauly D (2018) A preliminary global assessment of the status of exploited marine fish and invertebrate populations. A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. 1 Sea Around Us, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T1Z4 Canada 2 Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research GEOMAR, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 − Reconstructed catches vs official catches 3 − Marine Ecoregions vs EEZs 3 − The CMSY method 5 Results and Discussion 7 − Stock summaries reports 9 − Problematic stocks and sources of bias 14 − Stocks in the countries where OCEANA operates 22 − Stock assessments on the Sea Around Us website 31 − The next steps 32 Acknowledgements 33 References 34 Appendices I. List of marine ecoregions by EEZ 37 II. Summaries of number of stock by region and 49 by continent III. -
Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity in Unembryonated Eggs, Embryonated Eggs, Miracidia and Metacercariae of Some Flukes
THE KURUME MEDICAL JOURNAL 1973 Vol.20, No.4, P.241-250 SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN UNEMBRYONATED EGGS, EMBRYONATED EGGS, MIRACIDIA AND METACERCARIAE OF SOME FLUKES MINORU AKUSAWA Department of Parasitology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan KYOKO SAITO Department of Chemistry, Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical . College, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan (Received for publication December 3, 1973) The authors examined the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SD) in Fasciola hepatica and Paragonimus westermani with the stages in develop- ment from cell division egg to metacercaria. As a result of this experiment, in the unicellular stages and miracidium stages of F. hepatica and P. wester- mani, a very slight SD activity was detected. However, in the miracidium formation stages of these flukes, the activity was very strong. Thus, it was clear that the reduction of methylene blue decreased suddenly from the highest value when metamorphosis occurred. It was suggested that respira- tory metabolism rises with the progress of development and ability to decolorize methylene blue in creases. In the metacercaria stages of F. hepatica, P. westermani, Metagonimus yokogawai, the ability to decolorize methylene blue was persistent, but it was not so strong. During the time, so called hibernation time, when metacercaria invades into final host, meta- cercaria keeps metabolism of respiration as low as possible, and saves consumption of energy for maintenance of life. Metacercaria has biological function for parasitism. Biological studies have been made on has been already found in some flukes the development of the flukes as speci- (Huang and Chu, 1962; Bryant and Wil- mens. Accordingly, all the life history liams, 1962; Barry et al., 1968; Hamaji- has been clarified in these flukes up to ma, 1972, 1973). -
Biol. Pharm. Bull. 37(5): 709-721 (2014)
May 2014 Biol. Pharm. Bull. 37(5) 709–721 (2014) 709 Review Total Purine and Purine Base Content of Common Foodstuffs for Facilitating Nutritional Therapy for Gout and Hyperuricemia Kiyoko Kaneko,*,a Yasuo Aoyagi,b Tomoko Fukuuchi,a Katsunori Inazawa,a and Noriko Yamaokaa a Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University; 2–11–1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173–8605, Japan: and b Department of Health and Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University; 3–9–21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama 350–0288, Japan. Received December 14, 2013; accepted February 17, 2014; advance publication released online February 20, 2014 Purines are natural substances found in all of the body’s cells and in virtually all foods. In humans, purines are metabolized to uric acid, which serves as an antioxidant and helps to prevent damage caused by active oxygen species. A continuous supply of uric acid is important for protecting human blood vessels. However, frequent and high intake of purine-rich foods reportedly enhances serum uric acid levels, which re- sults in gout and could be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome. In Japan, the daily intake of dietary purines is recommended to be less than 400 mg to prevent gout and hy- peruricemia. We have established an HPLC method for purine analysis and determined purines in a total of 270 foodstuffs. A relatively small number of foods contained concentrated amounts of purines. For the most part, purine-rich foods are also energy-rich foods, and include animal meats, fish meats, organs such as the liver and fish milt, and yeast. -
ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA V Ol XU[ Supplementum Szczecin 1984
ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA V oL XU[ Supplementum Szczecin 1984 JOZEFSWINIARSKI THE FACULTY OF MARINE FISHERIES AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY in Szczecin - Poland WYDZIAL RYBACTWA MORSKIBGOI TECHNOLOGHZYWNOSCI W SZCZECINIE OUTLINEOF THE ORGANIZATION A BRIEFHISTORY Faculty of Marine Fisheries and Food Technology was first established within the stP.1cture of Agricultural College at Olsztyn in 1951 under the name of the FACULTYof FISHERIES. This faculty enjoyed full acauemic rights and existed in Olsztyn until 1968 when it was reorganized according to directions of current scientifical development and needs of the country, :uid transferred to the University of Agriculture in Szczecin where it was given the name of the Faculty of Marine Fisheries. It grew up withinthe structure of this institution, dealing mainly with problems of marine fisheries as well as processing andpreservation of marinefoods, and acquired its present namein 1976. The Faculty enioys full academic rights in providing fishery oriented education up to M.Sc. level and in conferri.11g doctoral degreesin relevant fields. The Faculty includes 14 professors, 45 Ph.D. - and D.Sc.-holders, 38 M.Sc.-holders, technical personnel, and foreign language teachers. To date, more than 2200 students have graduated from the Faculty, among them 62 students from foreign countries, from Asia, Central and South America, and South-EasternEur ope. During its 34-year-long history the institution has contributed considerably to the exploitation of the sea and inland waters, mainly by: educating highly qualified spe<:ialists, conducting research works, cooperation infisheries with internationalorganizations, organizinginternational sy mposia and conferences. The Faculty issues two scientific periodicals , dealing with fisheriesproblems in which articles anq �c�enttfic_p-qbliQa ti<ms oLthe Fc1culty.m embers .as well.as other reports and informationare published. -
Opportunities for Sustainable Fisheries in Japan
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES IN JAPAN O2 REPORT: OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES IN JAPAN JANUARY 2016 THIS REPORT OFFERS PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS TO HELP RESTORE FISHERIES AND COASTAL FISHING COMMUNITIES ACROSS THE JAPANESE ARCHIPELAGO © Ana Chang 2 CONTENT Introduction/Summary 4 State of Japanese Fisheries 5 The Japanese Seafood Supply Chain 8 Seafood Supply Chain - Upstream 8 Seafood Supply Chain - Downstream 9 Seafood Imports/Exports 11 Species in Focus: Tuna Supply Chain 12 Policy/Management 14 Sustainable Seafood in Japan 17 Survey of Japanese Consumers 17 Survey of Japanese Fishermen/Managers 18 Recommendations 19 References 21 Addendum: Rapid Assessments of Eleven Japanese Fisheries 3 Introduction/Summary If you want to witness a display of marine abundance and diversity unrivaled nearly anywhere on planet earth, don’t go to the Coral Triangle. Instead, head straight to the heart of Tokyo, grab your rubber boots and take a stroll through the cavernous Tsukiji fish market. From wild Kamchatka sockeye salmon to giant tuna from the Mediterranean to Maine lobster, Tsukiji sells it all in the largest seafood market in the world. The freshest and highest quality seafood in Tsukiji still comes from waters sur- rounding the Japanese archipelago, which hold some of the most productive fishing grounds on the planet. But domestic fisheries have been in decline for decades, due to overfishing, degraded ecosystems, and negative socio-economic factors. For the average Japanese consumer, this decline has caused higher prices at the market and increasing difficulties in enjoying traditional “washoku” food items. “Unagi” (eel), for example, went from a peak commercial catch of 232 metric tons in 1963 to a measly 5 tons by 2011.1 Meanwhile, the price quadrupled in the last decade alone. -
Fish, Crustaceans, Molluscs, Etc
27 Fish, crustaceans, molluscs, etc Capture production by principal species in 2014 A-1 Poissons, crustacés, mollusques, etc Captures par principales espèces en 2014 (e) Peces, crustáceos, moluscos, etc Capturas por especies principales en 2014 3-alpha code English name Scientific name Code alpha-3 Nom anglais Nom scientifique 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Código alfa-3 Nombre inglés Nombre científico t t t t t ALK Alaska pollock(=Walleye poll.) Theragra chalcogramma 2 833 170 3 210 513 3 271 726 3 239 296 3 214 422 VET Anchoveta(=Peruvian anchovy) Engraulis ringens 4 205 979 8 319 597 4 692 855 5 674 036 3 140 029 SKJ Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis 2 621 078 2 610 513 2 772 288 2 974 189 3 058 608 MAS Chub mackerel Scomber japonicus 1 641 609 1 715 379 1 581 702 1 655 132 1 829 833 HER Atlantic herring Clupea harengus 2 203 687 1 780 268 1 773 235 1 817 333 1 631 181 YFT Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares 1 241 080 1 206 409 1 344 207 1 313 424 1 466 606 MAC Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus 887 444 945 501 911 255 981 998 1 420 744 JAN Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus 1 204 106 1 325 758 1 296 383 1 329 311 1 396 312 COD Atlantic cod Gadus morhua 951 933 1 051 545 1 114 401 1 359 399 1 373 460 LHT Largehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus 1 341 842 1 258 762 1 232 810 1 258 413 1 260 824 PIL European pilchard(=Sardine) Sardina pilchardus 1 245 956 1 037 161 1 019 457 1 001 627 1 207 764 GIS Jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas 815 978 906 310 950 630 847 292 1 161 690 WHB Blue whiting(=Poutassou) Micromesistius poutassou 551 479 108 077 -
Heterophyid (Trematoda) Parasites of Cats in North Thailand, with Notes on a Human Case Found at Necropsy
HETEROPHYID (TREMATODA) PARASITES OF CATS IN NORTH THAILAND, WITH NOTES ON A HUMAN CASE FOUND AT NECROPSY MICHAEL KUKS and TAVIPAN TANTACHAMRDN Department of Parasitology and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. INTRODUCTION man in the Asian Pacific region, the Middle East and Australia (Noda, 1959; Alicata, Due to their tolerence of a broad range of 1964; Pearson, 1964) and were first described hosts, heterophyid flukes not uncommonly from man by Africa and Garcia (1935) in the are able to develop to maturity in man. Little Philippines and later by Alicata and Schat is known of the life histories of most hetero ten burg (1938) in Hawaii. Ching (1961) phyids in their snail hosts. Most undergo the examined stools of 1,380 persons in Hawaii metacercarial stage in marine and fresh-water and found 7.6% of Filipinos and native Ha fish which are ingested by the definitive hosts, waiians to be infected with S. falcatus. As the a variety of birds and mammals (Yamaguti, ova of heterophyid flukes superficially resem 1958; Pearson, 1964). Human infection can ble those of Opisthorchis, and ClonorchiS, occur wherever fish are eaten raw or partially many heterophyid infections have been as cooked. In Thailand, Manning et al., (1971) signed erroneously to the common liver reported finding Haplorchis yokogawai and flukes. Despite numerous stool surveys, S. H. taichui adults in several human autopsies falcatus has not been previously detected in in Northeast Thailand. The intermediate Thailand in man or animals. The present hosts were not determined. There are no paper reports the finding of S. -
Fish Wheels Lawrence Hall of Science
Fish Wheels Lawrence Hall of Science This activity outline was developed for use in a variety of informal venues. By design, it provides the content, pedagogy and strategy necessary for implementation by both the novice and experienced informal educator. It is expected that this outline will be adapted and improved upon by the user. We welcome your feedback! Synopsis of the Activity Learners make fish adaptations wheels that allow them to examine different body structures (mouth shape/position/teeth, body shape, tail shape, and coloration patterns) and how their variations allow fish to be successful in their habitats. Based on this information, learners make predictions about the behavior and habitats of fish throughout the aquarium. Audience This activity is meant for a general audience. Younger learners will need some help putting together their fish wheels. Setting This activity can be set up in front of any size tank in an aquarium and then visitors can continue to make observations throughout the aquarium. Activity Goals • To engage the learner to think about the organism as if they were a biologist studying it. • To engage visitors to interact with aquarium exhibits. • To encourage learners to actively observe fish in aquariums and to make explanations based on evidence. • And through observations of body structure and coloration, draw some conclusions about the fish’s behavior and habitat (especially its movement, what it eats, strategies for defense, and where it lives in the water column). Concepts • Investigating the observable structures and behaviors of fish can provide a lot of information about how the fish lives and moves in its habitat. -
SHARKS an Inquiry Into Biology, Behavior, Fisheries, and Use DATE
$10.00 SHARKS An Inquiry into Biology, Behavior, Fisheries, and Use DATE. Proceedings of the Conference Portland, Oregon USA / October 13-15,1985 OF OUT IS information: PUBLICATIONcurrent most THIS For EM 8330http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog / March 1987 . OREGON STATG UNIVERSITY ^^ GXTENSION S€RVIC€ SHARKS An Inquiry into Biology, Behavior, Fisheries, and Use Proceedings of a Conference Portland, Oregon USA / October 13-15,1985 DATE. Edited by Sid Cook OF Scientist, Argus-Mariner Consulting Scientists OUT Conference Sponsors University of Alaska Sea Grant MarineIS Advisory Program University of Hawaii Sea Grant Extension Service Oregon State University Extension/Sea Grant Program University of Southern California Sea Grant Program University of Washington Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program West Coast Fisheries Development Foundation Argus-Mariner Consulting Scientistsinformation: PUBLICATIONcurrent EM 8330 / March 1987 most THISOregon State University Extension Service For http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction, Howard Horton 1 Why, Are We Talking About Sharks? Bob Schoning 3 Shark Biology The Importance of Sharks in Marine Biological Communities Jose Castro.. 11 Estimating Growth and Age in Sharks Gregor Cailliet 19 Telemetering Techniques for Determining Movement Patterns in SharksDATE. abstract Donald Nelson 29 Human Impacts on Shark Populations Thomas Thorson OF 31 Shark Behavior Understanding Shark Behavior Arthur MyrbergOUT 41 The Significance of Sharks in Human Psychology Jon Magnuson 85 Pacific Coast Shark Attacks: What is theIS Danger? abstract Robert Lea... 95 The Forensic Study of Shark Attacks Sid Cook 97 Sharks and the Media Steve Boyer 119 Recent Advances in Protecting People from Dangerous Sharks abstract Bernard Zahuranec information: 127 Shark Fisheries and Utilization U.S.