Appendices Appendix A
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APPENDICES APPENDIX A Locomotive Remanufacture Mileage Data From AAR, June 1996 (Data for Santa Fe Railway) A-1 APPENDIX B Locomotive Emission Data by Throttle Notch (Note: this appendix not available in electronic version.) B-1 APPENDIX C Calculation of Baseline Locomotive Emission Rates This appendix contains a numerical description of how EPA developed its baseline emission factors. The cycle-weighted emission factors listed here were calculated from the notch data in Appendix B using the respective line-haul or switch duty-cycle. Cycle-weighted horsepower (i.e., the average power used over the cycle) was also calculated. The emission factors were weighted by the product of number of locomotives in the fleet and the average power: ' j (No.)(HP)(EF) EFAVG j (No.)(HP) These weighted average emission factors were multiplied by deterioration factors to be more representative of in-use emissions. The line-haul emissions were determined for two locomotive categories (pre-1991 and 1991-1995) because of the limits of the data set. The emission factors for these two categories were weighted together in the same manner as the individual emission factors. C-1 Weighted Average Line-Haul Emissions Number in Cycle-Wtd HC CO NOx PM Model 1990 Fleet Power (hp) g/bhp-hr g/bhp-hr g/bhp-hr g/bhp-hr EMD 16-645E3 1562 853 0.48 1.85 13.64 0.29 EMD 20-645E3 723 1023 0.49 1.18 13.46 0.30 EMD 16-645E3B 2693 835 0.47 1.40 13.12 0.29 EMD 16-645F3 232 988 0.49 1.33 15.54 0.30 EMD 12-645F3B 6 769 0.35 1.17 11.52 0.25 EMD 16-645F3B 400 1073 0.33 0.63 15.23 0.25 EMD 12-710G3 2 807 0.36 0.90 10.55 0.25 EMD 16-710G3 537 1084 0.38 0.52 11.55 0.26 EMD 12-710G3A 17 846 0.15 1.09 10.75 0.25 EMD 16-710G3A 250 1086 0.21 2.30 11.04 0.25 GE 12 - 2500 843 686 0.48 2.12 10.32 0.26 GE 12 - 3000 145 819 0.45 1.73 10.56 0.24 GE 12 -3300 0 860 0.32 1.68 10.75 0.24 GE 16 - 3000 801 839 0.73 2.44 11.35 0.41 GE 16- 3600 451 1001 0.62 1.67 11.29 0.36 GE 16 - 4100 1029 1127 0.58 1.44 11.23 0.34 Weighted Average 0.49 1.53 12.53 0.30 Deterioration Factors 1.15 1.00 1.00 1.15 1990 and Earlier In-Use 0.57 1.53 12.53 0.35 GE 3000 1200 0.30 0.90 13.50 0.20 EMD 1500 1200 0.30 0.80 14.00 0.30 Weighted Average 0.30 0.87 13.67 0.23 Deterioration Factors 1.15 1.00 1.00 1.15 1991-1995 In-Use 0.35 0.87 13.70 0.27 HC 0.48 Estimated In-Use Emission Factors for Entire 1995 Line-Haul Fleet: CO 1.28 NOx 13.0 PM 0.32 C-2 Weighted Average Switch Emissions Number in Cycle-Wtd HC CO NOx PM Model 1990 Fleet Power (hp) g/bhp-hr g/bhp-hr g/bhp-hr g/bhp-hr EMD 16-567C 1279 159 1.25 2.13 17.27 0.40 EMD 12-645E 1216 160 0.76 1.71 17.39 0.38 EMD 16-645E 1763 212 0.74 1.72 17.55 0.38 Weighted Average 0.88 1.83 17.44 0.38 Deterioration Factors 1.15 1.00 1.00 1.15 In-Use Baseline 1.01 1.83 17.44 0.44 HC 1.01 Estimated In-Use Emission Factors for Entire 1995 Line-Haul Fleet: CO 1.83 NOx 17.4 PM 0.44 C-3 APPENDIX D Locomotive Smoke Emissions Table 25 (page D-2): SwRI Report for EPA, Emission Measurements - Locomotives, SwRI 5374-024 Table 12 (page D-3) Association of American Railroads, Locomotive Exhaust Emission Field Tests, AAR Report R-885 Table 28 (page D-4) Association of American Railroads, Locomotive Exhaust Emission Field Tests, AAR Report R-877 D-1 TABLE 25. SMOKE OPACITY TEST RESULTS Smokemeter Steady-State Smoke, % Opacity Unit Date Fuel Position LI DB Idle N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 AT&SF601 2/9/95 EM-1880-F Perpendicular 5 4 5 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 2/10/95 Diagonal 6 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 9 BN 9457 4/10/95 EM-1902-F Perpendicular 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 0 0 4/11/95 Diagonal 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 4/12/95 EM-1880-F Diagonal 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 --* --* 4/13/95 Perpendicular 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 SP502 5/3/95 EM-1880-F Perpendicular 11 14 9 9 17 14 12 11 10 9 5/4/95 Diagonal 9 12 5 7 15 12 8 5 3 2 5/5/95 EM-1902-F Perpendicular 11 13 7 8 17 13 10 7 4 3 5/6/95 Diagonal 9 12 5 4 14 11 8 4 1 0 AT&SF202 5/23/95 EM-1902-F Perpendicular 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 5/24/95 Diagonal 2 2 3 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 5/24/95 EM-1880-F Diagonal 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 5/25/95 Perpendicular 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 NS 8842 5/29/95 EM-1902-F Perpendicular 10 5 6 5 4 5 7 7 9 --* --* 5/30/95 Diagonal 8 4 4 4 4 6 7 6 7 8 10 5/31/95 EM-1880-F Diagonal 9 4 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 0 1 6/1/95 Perpendicular 10 4 5 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 Transient Smoke Smokemeter Maximum % Opacity During Throttle Notch Change Unit Date Fuel Position LI DB Idle N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 AT&SF601 2/9/95 EM-1880-F Perpendicular 12 12 15 22 36 13 19 17 10 9 8 2/10/95 Diagonal 13 13 11 32 40 13 16 17 10 10 12 BN 9457 4/10/95 EM-1902-F Perpendicular 7 3 5 6 9 8 8 11 4 2 4/11/95 Diagonal 1 0 1 1 0 3 2 2 1 2 4/12/95 EM-1880-F Diagonal 3 1 2 3 3 3 1 8 --* --* 4/13/95 Perpendicular 5 2 3 4 4 4 4 8 4 2 SP502 5/3/95 EM-1880-F Perpendicular 60 87 55 55 59 44 17 39 21 24 5/4/95 Diagonal 56 86 62 58 58 41 13 24 5 5 5/5/95 EM-1902-F Perpendicular 26 71 56 60 58 40 16 19 7 6 5/6/95 Diagonal 43 76 61 56 60 41 14 14 4 3 AT&SF202 5/23/95 EM-1902-F Perpendicular 2 7 4 5 5 4 6 8 4 6 5/24/95 Diagonal 3 7 5 5 4 3 5 6 3 3 5/24/95 EM-1880-F Diagonal 2 7 4 5 5 4 6 6 4 4 5/25/95 Perpendicular 3 7 5 6 5 4 5 6 5 5 NS 8842 5/29/95 EM-1902-F Perpendicular 18 5 14 21 36 12 14 15 12 --* --* 5/30/95 Diagonal 14 8 6 21 61* 11 12 13 10 11 17 5/31/95 EM-1880-F Diagonal 17 9 13 22 21 8 7 6 4 3 7 6/1/95 Perpendicular 16 10 10 23 33 13 11 10 7 5 6 *bulb failure **heavy rain D-2 TABLE 12. STEADY-STATE SMOKE TEST RESULTS Standard Timing 4ERetarded Timing Increase in Maximum Opacity Locomotive Model Maximum Steady State Smokea (% Opacity) (% Opacity) EMD SD40-2 (E3B) UP 3808 30 3 O UP 3953 9 15 6 UP 3938 12 21 9 UP 3959 8 12 4 UP 3228 5 6 1 GE C40-8 UP 9108 17 34 17 UP 9113 25 33 8 UP 9126 35 55 20 UP 9133 28 51 23 EMD SD40-2 (E3) SP 8270 9 11 2 SP 7315 21 40 19 SP 8303 12 17 5 SP 7323 <5 <5 0 Note: a - Maximum steady-state smoke opacity in any notch during "UP" smoke test. D-3 TABLE 28. STEADY-STATE SMOKE TEST SUMMARY Standard Timing 4E Retarded Increase in Timing Maximum Opacity Locomotive Unit Maximum Steady-State Smoke (% (% Opacity) Number Model Opacity)a SP 2706b EMD MP15AC 7 8 1 SP 2754b EMD MP15AC 6 8 2 SP 2742b EMD MP15AC 8 16 8 SP 2720b EMD MP15AC 11 15 4 SP 2739b EMD MP15AC 10 23 13 Amtrak 514c GE DASH8-B32 10 10 0 Amtrak 229c EMD F40PH 11 11 0 Amtrak 806c GE AMD-103 9 14 5 CSX 8704 EMD SD60 10 12 2 SP 6344 EMD GP35 35 35 0 UP20 Republic RD20 <5 30 30 CSX 8709 EMD SD60 8 16 8 AT&SF 601 GE DASH9- 5 11 6 44CW SP 6344d EMD GP35 34 49 15 Note: a - Maximum steady-state smoke opacity in any notch during "UP" smoke cycle.