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No Room for Debate the National Constituent Assembly and the Crumbling of the Rule of Law in Venezuela
No Room for Debate The National Constituent Assembly and the Crumbling of the Rule of Law in Venezuela July 2019 Composed of 60 eminent judges and lawyers from all regions of the world, the International Commission of Jurists promotes and protects human rights through the Rule of Law, by using its unique legal expertise to develop and strengthen national and international justice systems. Established in 1952 and active on the five continents, the ICJ aims to ensure the progressive development and effective implementation of international human rights and international humanitarian law; secure the realization of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights; safeguard the separation of powers; and guarantee the independence of the judiciary and legal profession. ® No Room for Debate - The National Constituent Assembly and the Crumbling of the Rule of Law in Venezuela © Copyright International Commission of Jurists Published in July 2019 The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) permits free reproduction of extracts from any of its publications provided that due acknowledgment is given and a copy of the publication carrying the extract is sent to its headquarters at the following address: International Commission of Jurists P.O. Box 91 Rue des Bains 33 Geneva Switzerland No Room for Debate The National Constituent Assembly and the Crumbling of the Rule of Law in Venezuela This report was written by Santiago Martínez Neira, consultant to the International Commission of Jurists. Carlos Ayala, Sam Zarifi and Ian Seiderman provided legal and policy review. This report was written in Spanish and translated to English by Leslie Carmichael. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................................................................... -
CRACKDOWN on DISSENT Brutality, Torture, and Political Persecution in Venezuela
CRACKDOWN ON DISSENT Brutality, Torture, and Political Persecution in Venezuela HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Crackdown on Dissent Brutality, Torture, and Political Persecution in Venezuela Copyright © 2017 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-35492 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit: http://www.hrw.org The Foro Penal (FP) or Penal Forum is a Venezuelan NGO that has worked defending human rights since 2002, offering free assistance to victims of state repression, including those arbitrarily detained, tortured, or murdered. The Penal Forum currently has a network of 200 volunteer lawyers and more than 4,000 volunteer activists, with regional representatives throughout Venezuela and also in other countries such as Argentina, Chile, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Uruguay, and the USA. Volunteers provide assistance and free legal counsel to victims, and organize campaigns for the release of political prisoners, to stop state repression, and increase the political and social cost for the Venezuelan government to use repression as a mechanism to stay in power. -
Venezuela 2019 Human Rights Report
VENEZUELA 2019 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Venezuela is legally a multiparty, constitutional republic, but for more than a decade, political power has been concentrated in a single party with an authoritarian executive exercising significant control over the judicial, citizens’ power (which includes the prosecutor general and ombudsman), and electoral branches of government, and standing up a parallel, illegitimate legislative body alongside the existing elected one. On January 10, the term of former president Nicolas Maduro ended. He sought to remain in power based on his claimed “victory” in the 2018 presidential elections widely condemned as neither free nor fair, a claim not accepted by the democratically elected National Assembly (AN). On January 23, Juan Guaido, as president of the National Assembly, assumed the role of interim president pursuant to the provisions of the constitution related to vacancies. Former president Maduro, with the backing of hundreds of Cuban security force members, refused to cede control over the instruments of state power, preventing interim president Guaido from exercising authority within the country. In the 2015 legislative elections, opposition political parties gained supermajority (two-thirds) control of the AN. The former Maduro regime, however, used its control over the Supreme Court (TSJ) to create the illegitimate Constituent National Assembly (ANC) that placed the AN in contempt, usurped its constitutional role to legislate, and weakened the constitution’s separation of powers principle. Civilian authorities’ control over the security forces declined and was deeply politicized. The National Guard (GNB)--a branch of the military that reports to both the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Interior, Justice, and Peace--is responsible for maintaining public order, guarding the exterior of key government installations and prisons, conducting counternarcotics operations, monitoring borders, and providing law enforcement in remote areas. -
President Nicolas Maduro: Dear Constituent Members, President of the Citizen Authority, Prosecutor General of the Republic, Tare
President Nicolas Maduro: Dear constituent members, President of the Citizen Authority, Prosecutor General of the Republic, Tarek William Saab; members of the citizen authority, Comptroller General, People’s Attorney, President of the Judicial Authority and the Supreme Court of Justice, Dr. Maikel Moreno and all the Magistrates of the Republic; Dr. Tibisay Lucena, President of the Electoral Authority and all the rectors of the National Electoral Council, Comrade Tareck El Aissami, Executive Vice-President; Government Vice-Presidents present, Ministers. Comrades of the Joint Military High Command, General in Chief Vladimir Padrino, Admiral in Chief Remigio Ceballos; commanders of the Army, the Navy, the Aviation, the Bolivarian National Guard, the Bolivarian National Militia, Chief of Staff of the CEO, Head of the REDI capital region, dear National Armed Forces. We are going to have a meeting filled with emotion and a lot of moral and spiritual strength, dear brothers. Ambassadors, charge d’Affaires of the countries accredited in Venezuela. I want to thank all the Heads of State and Government from around the world, from Africa, from Asia, from Latin America, from the Caribbean and beyond for their more than 90 letters, telegrams, communiqués, calls I have received from them; these are examples of the International Community's affection, the true International Community that is the immense sum of the nations and peoples of the world, thanks to our brothers and sisters of the world. Dear first combatant, Cilia Flores, welcome, constituent members, legitimate state Governors, thank you for all your effort, thanks for the extraordinary results, a collective leadership forged by Commander Chavez and it can be seen far and wide. -
81 Días De Cambio
FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE COMUNICACIÓN SOCIAL MENCIÓN PERIODISMO TRABAJO FINAL DE CONCENTRACIÓN 81 DÍAS DE CAMBIO: HECHOS OCURRIDOS DESDE EL 1RO DE ABRIL HASTA EL 21 DE JUNIO DENTRO DEL CONTEXTO POLÍTICO-SOCIAL DE VENEZUELA AUTORES: JESUS FRACISCO GARABOTE V. BETANIA HERNANDEZ M. TUTORA: MARGARITA MENESES. CARACAS, 2017 1 UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA ANDRÉS BELLO Facultad de Humanidades y Educación Escuela de Comunicación Social Mención Periodismo Trabajo Final de Concentración 81 DÍAS DE CAMBIO: HECHOS OCURRIDOS DESDE EL 1RO DE ABRIL HASTA EL 21 DE JUNIO DENTRO DEL CONTEXTO POLÍTICO-SOCIAL DE VENEZUELA Autores: Jesús Garabote Betania Hernández. Tutora: Margarita Meneses. Fecha: Julio, 2017 RESUMEN El propósito fundamental de esta investigación es analizar los hechos ocurridos dentro de los primeros 81 días a partir del 1ro de abril dentro del contexto político-social de Venezuela, ya que a raíz de este día se comienza con una serie de protestas por parte de la gran parte de la población venezolana en contra del Gobierno de Nicolás Maduro. A raíz de este propósito principal partimos a realizar esta investigación documental con la recopilación de distintas fuentes vivas como los diputados de la Asamblea Nacional de Venezuela, dirigentes opositores, y oficialistas, así como distintas figuras políticas luego de que el Tribunal Supremo de Justicia diera un golpe de Estado en marzo de este año en el que usurpaba funciones legislativas. Esta investigación cuenta con la revisión de fuentes documentales, que nos aportaron conocimientos y a su vez utilizar el método de la observación y la entrevista donde se obtuvieron resultados de alta importancia sobre la discrepancia y la concordancia entre la línea de los tiempos políticos y la línea de los tiempos sociales. -
Venezuela 2018 Human Rights Report
VENEZUELA 2018 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Venezuela is formally a multiparty, constitutional republic, but for more than a decade, political power has been concentrated in a single party with an increasingly authoritarian executive exercising significant control over the legislative, judicial, citizens’ power (which includes the prosecutor general and ombudsman), and electoral branches of government. On May 20, the government organized snap presidential elections that were neither free nor fair for the 2019-25 presidential term. Nicolas Maduro was re-elected through this deeply flawed political process, which much of the opposition boycotted and the international community condemned. His illegitimate next term was scheduled to begin on January 10, 2019. The opposition gained supermajority (two-thirds) control of the National Assembly in the 2015 legislative elections. The executive branch, however, used its control over the Supreme Court (TSJ) to weaken the National Assembly’s constitutional role to legislate, ignore the separation of powers, and enable the president to govern through a series of emergency decrees. Civilian authorities maintained effective, although politicized, control over the security forces. Human rights issues included extrajudicial killings by security forces, including colectivos (government-sponsored armed groups); torture by security forces; harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; and political prisoners. The government restricted free expression and the press by routinely blocking signals, and -
Venezuela (Part 2)
THE LONG ROAD TO PEACE IN COLOMBIA. COLOMBIA’S DIFFICULT RELATIONS WITH ITS NEIGHBOURS: VENEZUELA (PART 2). Carlos Malamud Working Paper (WP) Nº 5/2004 3/3/2004 Area: Latin America – WP Nº 5/2004 (Trans. Spanish) 3/3/2004 The long road to peace in Colombia. Colombia’s difficult relations with its neighbours: Venezuela (part 2). ∗ Carlos Malamud Of all Colombia’s borders(1) with its neighbours, the one it shares with Venezuela is the most active and troublesome. Ample proof of this was provided in the last days of 2003 by the deaths of nine Venezuelan national guardsmen, following a series of clashes between the National Guard and Colombian paramilitaries (2). But as well as this recent escalation of tension, this 2,219 kilometre-long border has its daily ration of criminal activities, such as terrorist actions by paramilitary and guerrilla fighters, the comings and goings of drug traffickers and all kinds of rustlers and smugglers. The border is also a kind of privileged vantage point from which to witness the on-going deterioration of the Venezuelan economy, aggravated as it is by the evolution of the exchange rate between the dollar and the bolívar that has had a negative effect on cross-border trade (in one direction, at least). In 2000, the border with Venezuela was the richest and most dynamic of the five Colombia shares with its neighbours. In Colombian territory, the departmental per capita GDP was slightly over 3,100,000 pesos, a much higher figure than that of the other border areas. Things have changed drastically, however, in the past few years, due mainly to the deterioration of the Venezuelan economy as a result of the bad economic policies of Hugo Chávez and the poor management of a succession of economics ministers. -
Descargue El Informe Completo
Arremetida contra opositores Brutalidad, tortura y persecución política en Venezuela Copyright © 2017 Human Rights Watch Todos los derechos reservados. Impreso en Estados Unidos de América ISBN: 978-1-6231-35492 Diseño de tapa: Rafael Jiménez Human Rights Watch defiende los derechos de personas en todo el mundo. Investigamos exhaustivamente casos de abuso, exponemos ampliamente los hechos y exigimos a quienes están en el poder que respeten los derechos y garanticen medidas de justicia. Human Rights Watch es una organización internacional independiente cuya labor se inscribe en un movimiento dinámico por la dignidad humana y la defensa de los derechos humanos para todos. Human Rights Watch es una organización internacional con representantes en más de 40 países, y oficinas en Ámsterdam, Beirut, Berlín, Bruselas, Chicago, Ginebra, Goma, Johannesburgo, Londres, Los Ángeles, Moscú, Nairobi, Nueva York, París, San Francisco, Sídney, Tokio, Toronto, Túnez, Washington, DC y Zúrich. Para obtener más información, visite: www.hrw.org/es El Foro Penal (FP) es una ONG venezolana que ha trabajado en la defensa de los derechos humanos desde el año 2002, ofreciendo asistencia gratuita a las víctimas de represión del estado, incluyendo aquellas personas detenidas arbitrariamente, torturadas y asesinadas. El Foro Penal posee una red de voluntarios conformada por 200 abogados y más de 4.000 activistas, con representación en cada uno de los estados del país y coordinadores en Argentina, Chile, Noruega, España, Suecia, Uruguay y los Estados Unidos de América. Los voluntarios proveen asistencia legal pro-bono a las víctimas, organizando campañas para la liberación de los presos políticos, poner un freno a la represión del estado y aumentar el costo político y social del gobierno venezolano en el uso de la represión como mecanismo para permanecer en el poder. -
1 DIARIO EN RUINAS (1998-2017) Ana Teresa Torres
DIARIO EN RUINAS (1998-2017) Ana Teresa Torres 1 A Isabel y Gastón Miguel, que vivieron en Venezuela la primera parte de su vida, y a Julio, Ana y Alejandro, desde un país que no conocen. 2 El momento cuando, después de muchos años de intenso trabajo y un largo viaje, te paras en el centro de tu habitación, casa, terreno, territorio, isla, país, sabiendo al fin cómo llegaste allí, y dices, esto me pertenece, es el mismo momento en que los árboles dejan de rodearte con sus suaves brazos, los pájaros recuperan su lenguaje, los acantilados se agrietan y colapsan, el aire se retira de ti como una ola y no puedes respirar. No, susurran. No tienes nada. Fuiste de visita una y otra vez para subir la cuesta, plantar la bandera, lanzar una proclama. Nunca te pertenecimos. Nunca nos fundaste. Siempre fue al revés. El momento, Margaret Atwood. 3 Índice Diario de la revolución 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Referencias 4 Abreviaturas Anexo I: artículos Anexo II: documentos. 5 Diario de la revolución Durante todos estos años me he recriminado no haber llevado un diario de los acontecimientos que se fueron sucediendo en Venezuela desde la instalación de la revolución bolivariana en 1998, pero me falta la paciencia y la rutina que exige el diarismo y no logro extraer de cada día, ni siquiera con una mínima continuidad, alguna reflexión que me parezca meritoria de ser consignada. Ya es tarde para lamentarlo, lo que sigue a continuación son, pues, las ruinas de un diario nunca escrito o un diario extraído de las ruinas, una suerte de testimonio elaborado a partir de la memoria y de los documentos. -
Detenidos Y Policías Heridos Dejaron Disturbios En La
PREMIO NACIONAL DE PERIODISMO 1982 / 1989 / 1990 3 4° Puerto La Cruz, M i é rco l e s 8 de julio de 201 5 Año LV N° 21 .364 w w w.e l t i e m p o.co m .ve EL PERIÓDICO DEL PUEBLO ORIENTAL PV Justo Bs 30,00 Fecha de Marcaje 06/15 Licoreros: reducción de horario Cuba y Noruega piden Protagonistas en el arranque generará cierres masivos a Colombia y las Farc Astros de Houston, Mellizos de Minnesota y Mets de Nueva York sorprendieron a las Grandes Ligas con un buen rendimiento en la en seis meses PÁG. 8 disminuir los ataques PÁG. 9 primera mitad de la temporada 2015 DEPORTES // PÁG. 18 PREGUNTA DE LA SEMANA: ¿Cree que el Gobierno debe intervenir en conflicto laboral de la Polar? Vote en w w w.eltiempo.com.ve VIOLENCIA // AUTORIDADES UDISTAS SUSPENDIERON LAS CLASES HASTA HOY Detenidos y policías heridos dejaron disturbios en la UDO E X P OA N ZO Á T EG U I Fe d e i n d u st r i a La tarde de ayer vol- firmó convenio vieron a saquear en la con Pdvsa Universidad de Oriente. Un grupo de encapu- para la faja chados se encargó de PÁG. 3 desvalijar dos camiones y posteriormente en- frentó a funcionarios de Polianzoátegui. A los vándalos se suma- ron estudiantes, desa- rrollándose una batalla campal con piedras, botellas y perdigones que duró más de cua- tro horas. El resultado AV. INTERCOMUNAL fue una decena de Gran Abasto aprehendidos y siete B i ce nt e n a r i o oficiales lesionados cerró por casi (Fotos: BD) PÁG. -
The 2018 Venezuelan Presidential Elections
BRIEFING PAPER Number CBP 8315, 18 May 2018 The 2018 Venezuelan By John Curtis and Daniel Harari Presidential elections Contents: 1. The 2018 Presidential elections 2. Economic crisis 3. Social crisis www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary 2 The 2018 Venezuelan Presidential elections Contents Summary 3 1. The 2018 Presidential elections 5 1.1 Background 5 1.2 Powers of the Presidency 6 1.3 Political developments - from Chávez to today 7 1.4 Candidates 12 Javier Bertucci (Independent) 12 Henri Falcón (Progressive Advance) 12 Nicolas Maduro (United Socialist Party of Venezuela) 15 1.5 Polling and prospects 17 1.6 What next after the elections? 18 2. Economic crisis 20 2.1 The Chávez Presidency 20 2.2 Oil price decline and economic mismanagement 21 2.3 Large budget deficit and hyperinflation 23 2.4 Collapse in GDP and living standards 24 2.5 Debt default 26 3. Social crisis 27 3.1 Hunger and lack of medicines 27 Hunger 27 Lack of healthcare and disease 29 3.2 Refugees 30 President Maduro - Venezuela by Hugoshi. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International / image cropped 3 Commons Library Briefing, 18 May 2018 Summary Venezuela is holding Presidential elections on Sunday 20 May. The country is in the midst of a political, economic and social crisis. The opposition and outside observers doubt that the elections will be free and fair. For this reason, most of the opposition parties and their senior figures have called for a boycott of the election. -
General Country of Origin Information Report Venezuela 2020
General Country of Origin Information Report Venezuela 2020 Date June 2020 Page 1 of 112 General Country of Origin Information Report Venezuela 2020 | Publication details City The Hague Assembled by Country of Origin Information Reports Section (DAF/AB) Page 2 of 112 General Country of Origin Information Report Venezuela 2020 | Table of Contents Publication details ............................................................................................2 Table of Contents ............................................................................................3 Introduction ....................................................................................................5 1 Political and security situation .................................................................... 6 1.1 Political development and society ......................................................................6 1.1.1 The Maduro government ..................................................................................6 1.1.2 The current (political) balance of power ..............................................................8 1.2 The security situation .......................................................................................9 1.2.1 The security situation, focusing on certain areas in particular ................................9 1.3 Freedom of movement ................................................................................... 12 1.3.1 Travel restrictions .........................................................................................