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A Popular Description, Geographical, Historical, and Topographical, of The ■■I*?//)/*,- t u e MODERN TRÀVELLER. A POPULAR DESCR1PT10N, GEOGRAPHICAL, I1ISTORICAL, AND TOPOGRAPIUCAL, OR THK VARIOüS COUNTRIES OF THE GLOBE. COLOMBIA. LONDON: PltlNTED FOU JAJVfES DUNCAN; OL1VKR AND BOYD, EDINBURGI! ; M. OGI.E, GLASGOW: AND R. M. TLMS, D UBLÍN. 1 8 2 5 . I.O .N D 0 K : 1‘IllN TK D JIV J M U Y E S , H U E V E 1(1 I i S T I I K K Ï . C O N T E N T S. I'AüE 1IOUNDAKIES OF COLOMBIA................................................. I ANCIENT AND MODERN ÑAMES OF THE TERRI- T O R Y ....................................................................................... ib- CEOCRAPHICAL EXTENT AND POPULATION •••■ 3 PROV IN CIAL DIVISIONS ........................................................ 7 POLITICAL CONSTITÜTION ................................................ U PHYSICAL GEOGUAPHY ........................................................ 12 CUMANA .......................................................................................... 24 FROM CUMANA T O T U E CHAYMA M ISSIO N S........... 58 CAVEKN OF GUACHARO ........................................................ 78 B A R C E L O N A ................................................................................... 182 LA GUAYRA ..................................................................................... 185 FUOM LA GUAYRA TO CARACAS..................................... 111 CARACAS.......................................................................................... 118 EA RTH Q UA K E OF 1812 ...................................: ....................... 121 STATE OF S0C1ETY IN CARACAS ................................. 132 REVENUE AND SALE OF BULLS ..................................... I44 ENVIRONS OF CARACAS........................................................ 155 FROM CARACAS T O V A L E N C IA ......................................... H» LA K E OF VALENCIA ................................................................ 583 FROM VALENCIA TO PUERTO CABELLO .................. 2Ui LAKE OF MARACAYBO .............................................................. 208 PROVTNCE OF VARÍNAS ........................................................ 220 IV CONTENTS ivvnii FROM VALENCIA TO SAN FERNANDO D'APUUE •• 223 T liK LL A N O S............................................................................22G FROM VALENCIA TO BOGOTA ...........................................2-U M ÉRID A ........................................................................................... 23/ CUCUTA .......................................................................................... 2ijf> T U N JA .............................................................................................. 277 C A R TA G E N A ....................................................................................232 SANTA M ARTA ........................................................................... 2H(Í VOVACE U F T H E M A G D A L EN A ......................................... 300 BOGOTA ........................................................................................... 311 FALL OF TEQUENDAMA ........................................................ 327 LAKE OF CU ATAV ITA ............................................................ 333 NATURAL BRIDGES OF ICONONZO ............................. 337 FR O M BOGOTA T O C A R T A G O .............................................341 FROM CARTAGO T O C 1 T E R A ............................................. 351 P O P A Y A N .......................................................................................... 33íj P A N A M A ............................................................................................. 337 DIRECTIÜNS FOR PLACING THE PLATES- M ap of Cot.ojintA ...........................to faca thc Tille. CniMiioiiAxo .........................................................................i 1.'} P ausaor of Ihe Qotymu ................................................... 3-1-í JIaít on thc R iveu Geayaqvii. ......................... ¿>55 THE MODERN TRAVELLER, r.TC. ETC. COLOMBIA. [A rcpublic of South America, lying between lat. 11° 3iy N., and (j° ¡«V S.: bounded, on Che N., by the Caribbean Sea; 011 thc 12. by ttie Atlantic Occan and Dutclt Guiana; on the S. by Brasil and dc$«rts which separate it frorn Perú; on the W. 1>y Cuati mala and the Pacific Ocean.] T he well-chosen ñame of Colombia was assumed by tbe provinces l'ormerly composing tlie vice.royalty of New Granada and the captain-generalship of Venezuela, on tlieir incorporation into a Federal Republic in the year 1819. The country was dis- covered by Columbus; and tlius, more than three hundred years after his death, tardy justice has been done to bis memory, by giving his ñame to that por- tion of the New Continent on which he first landed. The admiral, Herrera informs us, was so mucli de- lighted with the beauty and fertility of theso regions, that, with the warm enthusiasm of a discoverer, he imagined it to he the paradise described in Scrip­ ture, which the Almighty chose for the residençe of man.* It was in the year 1498, in his third * Robertíon’x America, book ü. PA tt'r. n 2 CO LO M B IA . voyage, tliat tbis great navigator discovorcd the coast oi' Pai’in muí Cumana iu the captaincy of Carneas, la the following vitar, Alonso rio Ojeda, who luid accom- panied Coluinlms iu bis second voyage, pursuing tlic same truek, explorod the coast as iar as Cape de Vela, líaving observed, near the lnke of Maracaybo, the lints of na Iudifiu village lmiit lipón piles, in ortler to mise them above the waters which oversproad the pinta, theyeallcd the place Venezuela, or little Vcnice; and the nana; ivas soou extended to the whole pro. vinee, of which Coro became the ca]>ital. Venezuela ivas lirst eolouised, however, hy the Germán mer- chants to wlumi the conqueml provinces vero assignod by Charles the fiftli. On their abandouing it in 155U, the Spaniards again took possession of the country. Tile city of Caracas, which subsequently became tlie seat of govornment, ivas founded by Don Diego Losada in ló(¡7. It derives its ñame from the Indian nation who occupied tlie territory. Venezuela is the nationnl ñame since adopted by the seven confedérate provinces of the cuptain-generalship, the pcovince of Venezuela being distinguished by the mune of the metropolis." The kingdom of New Granalla was eoncpicrcd hy Sebastian de Bonalcazar and Gonzalo Ximenes de Quesada, iibout the year tñilíí. The former, who commanded at that time in Quito, attacked it from the south, while the latter ínvaded ít from Santa Marta. The Indian ñame of the territory wus Cumllnairuirca. It was erected into a captaincy-general in 1Ó47, and inade a vicc-rovalty * * The cnptam-general of Caracas had the tille of Captam- general of tiro Povinces of Venezuela and City of Caracas. Venezuela is now une of the ten departments of the Itcpublic, indutimjï the provinces of Caracas and Variinw. COLORIRIA. 3 in 171!!. 'Chat office was suppressed in 1724, but was fmally re-established in 1740. Thesc two granel political divisions of Spanisli America, though now nnited under One federal govemmcnt, differ most essentially in tlieir plivsical aspect, and must always be considerad as, in fact, dis­ tinet conntries. New Granada, which comprises the western provinces, is, for tlie most parí, a mountain- ous región, eonsisting of ti 10 platean» and vallevs of the great Cordillera of che Andes, froin Guayaquil to Merida, together with tlie plains of San .Juan de los Llanos, and comprises every variety of climate. Vene­ zuela comprises tliree distinet regions or zones; the mountains and cultivatcd lands whicli skirt the narthern shove, the savannas or steppes whirh extend from the baso of the mountain-chain to the banks of the Orinoco, and the región of interminable forests, into which the traveller can penetrate only by means of the rivers that traverso them. In these tliree dis­ tinet zones, the three stages of civilisation ure found remarkably separate and distinet. The lite of the wild hunter is pursued in the woods of the Orinoco; the pastoral lífe in the llanos, or savannas; the agri- cultural, in the liigh valleys and at the foot of the mountains on the coast. Missionary monks and a few soldiers occupy here, as thvonghout America, advanced posts on the Southern frontiers. Imlustry, intelligonee, and the mass of the population, are con- centrated within the región hordering on the coast, which extends for above two hnndred leagues along tbe Caribbean Sea, a sort of mediterranean, on the shores of which almosl all the nations of Europe liave fouiulcd colonias. Thus, though the captaincy- ■geueral ol' Caracas is considorably larger than 4 CO LO M B IA . Peni,* containing nearly 48,000 square leagues (25 to a tlegree), the total population in 1800, was estimated by Barón Humboldt at not more tban 900,000 sonis, or about twenty inhabitants to a square league. 0£ these, the Indians are supposed to form a ninth; the Hispano-Americans, or Creoles, nearly a fourth ; the European Spaniards, exclusive of troops sent out from the mothcr-country, not a sixtieth ; and the slaves, a fifteentlnf M. Dupons estimates the total population of the soven united provinces in 1801, at not more than 728,000 ; + and Colonei Francis Hali, * “ Peru, since La Paz, Potosí, Charcas, and Santa Cruz de la Sierra have been separated from it, and joineci tci the vice-royalty of Buenos Ayres, contarás only 30,000 square leagues.”—Hl'M- bolut’s P e r s . X a r . vol. ii¡- p. 422. T his appears, however, to he an erroneous estímate.
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