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A History of the Missions of the Moravian Church, During The . BV2560 .H3 1901 | Hamilton, J. Taylor History of the missions of the Moravian c during Ihe ei^leenih and nineleenlh cent -;<vsrcFnSj^ A HISTORY ^^O^LAl S.-.A-i:^ OF I UK MISSIONS OK IHK Moravian Church, DURING THE EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEEN I H CENirKIKS. J. TAVLUR HAMILTON. Frokkssor of Church History in the Moravian THKoi.ot;icAi. Sfminarv, AND Vice President of the Society for Propacatini; the G<»sikl AMONG THE IIkMHKN. HeTHI EHK.M. I'\ BETH I EH KM, FA TiMBS PVSLISHINC CoMfANV. !>llll«Tm»<l copvRumr. 1901, By J. J'Avi.oR Hamii,t(): Essentially a reprint of poru<'ii> <'i im. iiir.i..i> of the Mora vian Church published by the author in the year 1900, the account of the missionary labors which constitute a chief raison d' ctre for its separate denominational existence is herewith issued in separate form in the belief that thus the needs of a wider public desirous of some insig^ht into the details of Mora- vian missionary activity may be met. A brief sketch of the history of the church has been prefixed, and supplementary chapters setting forth the essentials of Moravian missionary aims and methods and characteristics of administration have been appended. By formal resolution the Directors of the Society for Propa- gating the Gospel, on January 8. 1901. took cognizance of the purpose of the author, and desired the inrnrpor.Ttinn of the fol- lowing minute in his preface : v ic<- 1 ivM(irnt of "Whereas, the Rev. J. Taylor llainiii"ii, this society, and a member of the Executive Board of the Mora- vian Church, North, is publishing a History of the Missions of the Moravian Church, therefore be it resolved, that the Board of Directors of The Sooitty for Propagating the ( "mspel among the Heathen welcomes this publication with deepest satisfac- tion, and desires herewith to express its cordial endorsement of the same." The Board likewise placed at his disposal the illus- trations which embellish the volume. For the maps thanks are <lue to the officials of the agency for Moravian Missions in !'. London, the Rev. C. J. Klesel. Secrctarv. and Mr. 1. Pemsel. Manager. Bethlehem. I'ennsvlvania. januarv hj, I(^)i TABU-: OF CONTICN IS. PAGt. INTRODUCTORY.— The Moravian ChurLh. a Historical .Sketch. ix CHAPTER I. -The First Decade. X' t ¥>»" , CHAPTER II.— The Missions on the North \inr-, ,11 Continent prior to 1760. ^ijt^ *yjjL.J-^^l*4^^\r. -.^^ . ^"T* ?y ^3 7 iv CHAPTER MI.— Missionary Undertakings durinjj the latter Pan of *^«. • /'/'•'. the Zinzcndorfian Era, . ' . ^J/ . I2 CHAPTER IV.— The Establishment of the Mission in .Labrador. 1764-1776. i^SLJp.ti^'iV^'' -^^ , 43 CHAPTER v.—The Indian Mission from the I'ontiar War to the Removal to Canada. 4X CHAPTER VI.— The Missions to the Heathen in the Period preccd- i"' .'"j ' '.' and immediately after their Jubilee. (? t< I . % ' . 5;-* ! iAPTER VII.— The Renewal of the Mission in Cape Colony. 1792. 70 / ^^ CHAPTER VIII —The Indian Mission at the close of the Eighteenth and during *j.. the opening Years of the Nineteenth Century. ..'^^ . ._ . ;< CHAl'TER IX.— The Foreign Missions, from their jubilee to the Synod of 1818. CHAPTER X. The Indian Mission, from J»2o i.. i. ,,. ^ CHAPTER XI. -The Foreign Missions, from 1818 to 1836.- CHAPTER XII. -The Missions, from 1836 to 1857. .11. "* CHAPTER XIII.- The Three New Mission Fields entered between the Years 1848 and 1857— the Moskito Coast. Australia and Centra. Asia. ' , . I'V ' CHAPTER XIV.— The Foreign Missions, from 1857 to 1869. 136 CHAPTER XV. —The Foreign Missions, from 1869 to 1879. 154 CHAPTER XVI —The Foreign Missions, from 1879 to 1889. 173 CHAPTER XVII.- The Founding of the Mission in Alaska. iSr CHAPTER XVIII. —The Foundint: of the Mission in (icrnian East Africa. - .... 194 CHAPTER Xl.X. — A Brief Suney (^t mr iicui tiunng the closing Years of the Nineteenth Century. ..... 200 CHAPTER XX.— The Aim and Methtxls of Moravian Missions. 209 CHAPTER XXI.—The Administrative I*oliiy of Moravian Missions. 215 CHAPTER X.XII.- The Financial Managcmer.t of Moran.in Missions. 2ic INDEX. .22^ . i ILLUSTRATIONS. Herrnhut, ..... Frontispiece, A Greenlander in his Kayak. fac ng page i Eskimo Women of Labrador (Christians), 43 Zeisberger Preaching to the Indians, 51 Moravian Mission-quarters in Paramaribo, •• 69 " Fairfield, Jamaica, 103 Mission House at Shiioh, " III Mission House and Church in St. Thomas, " 117 Blackfellows of Australia, " 133 " Ebenezer, Australia, . 149 Kyelang, ..... " 153 Karata, .... " 177 Goedverwacht, .... '• 183 Young Eskimos of Alaska (Christians), " 193 Travel in German East Africa, . 197 Home for Lepers, Jerusalem, 207 MAPS. Map of the World, showing the Stations of the Moravian Misssions (Section I). ...... Map of the World, showing the Stations of the Moravian Missions (Section H), 129 West India Islands and Central America, showing the Stations of the Moravian Missions, ..... 209 INTRODUCTORY. THK MORAVIAN CHURCH. A HISTORICAL SKETCH. .-Mthoujjli the true name of the church whose missionary activities are set forth in the following pages is The Unitas Fratruni or The Unity of the Brethren, it is generally known as T!io Moravian Church, because it was thus designated in the act of Parliament in 1749. whereby it won public recognition as a venerable Protestant and Episcopalian body. In this document and in the negotiations preliminary to the favorable action of the British legislature, the term Moravian was appar- entlv employed from the fact that during the fifteenth and six- teenth centuries Moravia constituted one of its chief seats, and because religious refugees from that country were mainly instrumental in its resuscitation in Saxony in the eighteenth century, after it had been well-nigh crushed during the Coun- ter-reformation. With justice it might however be designated 1 he Church of the Bohemian-Moravian Brethren, for it origi- nated in Bohemia rather than in Moravia. These twin lands were won to Christianity about the middle of the ninth century, chiefly through the labors of Cyril and Methodius, illustrious missionaries of the Greek Church, who translated the Bible into the vernacular and introduced a national ritual. In the strife between West and East, thanks especially to the increasing importance and continual ad- vance of the "Holy Roman Empire." Bohemia and Moravia of Rome. gradually fell under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction Nevertheless intermittent protests against Roman Catholic usages and spiritual tyranny characterized the church in these lands from earliest times up to the latter part of the fourteenth centurv. The opposition culminated in the Bohemian Reforma- tion of which John Hus. born in 136(7 and martyred at Con- At length tlic stance in 141 5. was the distinguished leader. Bohemians were driven to armed revolt. .After the awful hor- Lipan rors of the Hussite wars, which closed with the battle of mintled of the remnant in 1434. a number of the more spiritual feeling, and of the Hussite party experienced a deep revulsion of X INTRODUCTORY. determined to live in literal accordance with the requirements of the Sermon on the Mount. For this purpose they withdrew in 1457 to the estate of Lititz, about one hundred miles east of Prague, near the Silesian border. Four principles were adopted by them as the basis of their union : first, the Bible is the only source of Christian doctrine ; second, public worship is to be administered in accordance with the teaching of the Scriptures, and on the model of the Apostolic Church ; third, the Lord's Supper is to be received in faith, to be doctrinally defined in the language of the Bible, and every human explana- tion of that language is to be avoided; and fourth, godly Chris- tian life is essential as an evidence of saving faith, and is of greater importance than the dogmatic formulation of creed in all details and in a manner which binds consciences. Lititz soon became the rallying-point for awakened persons throughout Bohemia and Moravia in such numbers that the new church rapidly increased. Its first ministers were priests ordained in the Calixtine, or National Church, from which the Brethren had seceded. In 1467, however, they introduced a ministry of their own and secured the episcopacy from Bishop Stephen of the Austrian Waldenses. Both the Roman Catholics and the National Church perse- cuted the Brethren with fire and sword. The first persecution broke out in 1461 ; the second in 1468; the third in 1508. By edict of King LHadislaus they and their organization were to be stamped out of existence. But here and there friendly nobles, in accordance with their feudal rights and by the terms of the Bohemian constitution, were able to extend protection, and the bishops and ministers of the Brethren braved torture and death to encourage their people to fidelity. Public wor- ship was maintained and synods were convened at night in the solitude of forests around fires and under the starry canopy of heaven, sentries keeping watch at the avenues of approach. The death of the king and of their chief persecutors brought a providential respite in 15 16. Now, on the eve of the Reformation in the sixteenth cen- tury, the Bohemian-Moravian Brethren constituted an evan- gelical church numbering at least two hundred thousand mem- bers, counting over four hundred parishes, using a hymn-book and a catechism of its own, proclaiming its doctrines in a con- fession of faith, employing two printing-presses, and scattering INTRODUCTORY. X" liohcmian Bibles broadcast through the land. In the course of time, a friendly correspondence was opened with the Re- formers both in Germany and in Switzerland. The fourth persecution, which broke out in 1547, an indirect ronscciuencc of t!ie Snialcald War. led to the spread of tlie Brethren's Church to Poland, whither refugees fled and where its parishes were organ- it grew so rapidly that, in 1557, Polish ized into a distinct ecclesiastical province.
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